Intestinal stem cells(ISCs),locating at the base of intestinal crypts and pivotal in orchestrating the homeostasis and damage repair of the intestinal epithelium,are characterized by their self-renewal and multipotential differentiation capabilities.With the continuous discoveries of new ISCs and related markers,the ISC migration and regeneration model has been further improved,greatly promoting the research in related fields.Diet can regulate ISC glycolipid and energy metabolism through influencing the stem cell niche,subsequently modulating overall metabolism.This paper summarizes the biological features of both classical and newly discovered ISCs,and analyzes the effects of common nutrients and different dietary patterns on ISCs,hoping to provide insights for the precise nutrition prevention and treatment of chronic intestinal diseases.

Background and objective Cathepsin X (Cat X) has been identiifed as a member of cathepsin family. Studies have shown that Cat X is involved in tumorigenesis and tumor development of various cancers. hTe aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the clinicopathological prognosis and the levels of Cat X and cystatin C in the serum of patients with lung cancer. Methods Blood samples were collected from 84 patients with lung cancer and 36 healthy control subjects. Cat X and cystatin C were determined by quantitative ELISA. Results Cat X and cystatin C levels were signiifcantly higher in the patients with lung cancer than that in the healthy control subjects (P<0.01). Cat X level was correlated with the pathological types of lung cancer (P=0.076). Cystatin C was positively correlated with TNM stage (P=0.01). Furthermore, cystatin C/Cat X was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P=0.058). hTe patients with high Cat X levels experienced sig-niifcantly shorter overall survival rates compared with those with low Cat X. Univariate analysis indicated that Cat X and TNM stage were related to overall survival. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that TNM stage may be used as an independent prog-nostic variable in patients with lung cancer. Conclusion Cat X and cystatin C levels were signiifcantly higher in patients with lung cancer. Cat X and cystatin C detection in the sera may contribute to the diagnosis of lung cancer and may be used to evalu-ate the prognosis of patients with NSCLC.