ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Banxia Xiexin Tang （BXT） regulates the advanced glycation end products （AGE）/receptor for advanced glycation end products （RAGE） signaling pathway to reduce neuroinflammatory responses and ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in the rat model of vascular dementia （VD）. MethodsThe components of BXT were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole -orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS）， and the core components and key action pathways were screened out by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Sixty SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly allocated into the sham and modeling groups by the random number table method. The VD model was replicated by the modified bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries （2-VO） method. The successfully modeled rats were randomly allocated into the model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （3.748 5， 7.497， 14.994 g·kg^-1） BXT （BXT-L， BXT-M， and BXT-H）， and nimodipine （NMP， 0.002 7 g·kg^-1） groups according to the random number table method. The rats in the drug intervention groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage， and the sham and model groups received the same amount of normal saline for 14 consecutive days. The Morris water maze， Y-maze， and new object recognition experiments were conducted to evaluate the cognitive dysfunction of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to evaluate the histopathological changes of the hippocampal tissue in rats. The mRNA levels of AGE， RAGE， and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （p-NF-κB p65） in the hippocampal tissue of rats were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The expression of related proteins in the AGE/RAGE pathway in the hippocampal tissue of rats was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry （IHC）. The levels of neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators in the rat serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultsThe chemical components of BXT were detected by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS. Network pharmacology and molecular docking identified the AGE/RAGE pathway as the key pathway. The results of the water maze， Y maze， and novel object recognition tests showed that compared with the sham group， the model group demonstrated prolonged successful latency and decreases in number of platform crossings， alternation rate， number of entries into the new arm， preference index， and discrimination index （P0.01）. Compared with the model group， the BXT-H and BXT-M groups showed shortened successful latency （P0.01） and increases in number of platform crossings （P0.05）， alternation rate （P0.01）， number of entries into the new arm （P0.05）， preference index （P0.01）， and discrimination index （P0.01）. HE results showed that compared with the sham group， the cells of model rats were loosely and disorderly arranged， and the nuclei were condensed. Compared with the model group， the pathological changes of the hippocampus in the BXT group were mitigated. Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group presented up-regulated mRNA levels of AGE， RAGE， and p-NF-κB p65 in the hippocampus （P0.01）， and compared with the model group， the BXT-H and BXT-M groups showcased down-regulated mRNA levels of AGE， RAGE， and p-NF-κB p65 （P0.01）. Western blot results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group presented up-regulated expression of AGE， RAGE， p-NF-κB p65， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） （P0.05）， and compared with the model group， the BXT-H group presented down-regulated expression of AGE， RAGE， p-NF-κB p65， and TNF-α （P0.05）. IHC results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group had increased expression of RAGE （P0.01）， and compared with the model group， the BXT-H and BXT-M groups had reduced expression of RAGE （P0.01）. ELISA results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group exhibited elevated levels of TNF-α and Interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and declined levels of acetylcholine （ACh） and dopamine （DA） in the serum （P0.01）. Compared with the model group， the BXT-L， BXT-M， and BXT-H groups showed lowered levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum （P0.05） and elevated levels of ACh and DA （P0.05）. ConclusionBXT may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in the rat model of VD by down-regulating the AGE/RAGE signaling pathway， reducing neuroinflammatory responses， and regulating neurotransmitter levels.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Banxia Xiexin Tang （BXT） regulates the advanced glycation end products （AGE）/receptor for advanced glycation end products （RAGE） signaling pathway to reduce neuroinflammatory responses and ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in the rat model of vascular dementia （VD）. MethodsThe components of BXT were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole -orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS）， and the core components and key action pathways were screened out by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Sixty SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly allocated into the sham and modeling groups by the random number table method. The VD model was replicated by the modified bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries （2-VO） method. The successfully modeled rats were randomly allocated into the model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （3.748 5， 7.497， 14.994 g·kg^-1） BXT （BXT-L， BXT-M， and BXT-H）， and nimodipine （NMP， 0.002 7 g·kg^-1） groups according to the random number table method. The rats in the drug intervention groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage， and the sham and model groups received the same amount of normal saline for 14 consecutive days. The Morris water maze， Y-maze， and new object recognition experiments were conducted to evaluate the cognitive dysfunction of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to evaluate the histopathological changes of the hippocampal tissue in rats. The mRNA levels of AGE， RAGE， and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （p-NF-κB p65） in the hippocampal tissue of rats were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The expression of related proteins in the AGE/RAGE pathway in the hippocampal tissue of rats was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry （IHC）. The levels of neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators in the rat serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultsThe chemical components of BXT were detected by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS. Network pharmacology and molecular docking identified the AGE/RAGE pathway as the key pathway. The results of the water maze， Y maze， and novel object recognition tests showed that compared with the sham group， the model group demonstrated prolonged successful latency and decreases in number of platform crossings， alternation rate， number of entries into the new arm， preference index， and discrimination index （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the BXT-H and BXT-M groups showed shortened successful latency （P<0.01） and increases in number of platform crossings （P<0.05）， alternation rate （P<0.01）， number of entries into the new arm （P<0.05）， preference index （P<0.01）， and discrimination index （P<0.01）. HE results showed that compared with the sham group， the cells of model rats were loosely and disorderly arranged， and the nuclei were condensed. Compared with the model group， the pathological changes of the hippocampus in the BXT group were mitigated. Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group presented up-regulated mRNA levels of AGE， RAGE， and p-NF-κB p65 in the hippocampus （P<0.01）， and compared with the model group， the BXT-H and BXT-M groups showcased down-regulated mRNA levels of AGE， RAGE， and p-NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）. Western blot results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group presented up-regulated expression of AGE， RAGE， p-NF-κB p65， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the BXT-H group presented down-regulated expression of AGE， RAGE， p-NF-κB p65， and TNF-α （P<0.05）. IHC results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group had increased expression of RAGE （P<0.01）， and compared with the model group， the BXT-H and BXT-M groups had reduced expression of RAGE （P<0.01）. ELISA results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group exhibited elevated levels of TNF-α and Interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and declined levels of acetylcholine （ACh） and dopamine （DA） in the serum （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the BXT-L， BXT-M， and BXT-H groups showed lowered levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum （P<0.05） and elevated levels of ACh and DA （P<0.05）. ConclusionBXT may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in the rat model of VD by down-regulating the AGE/RAGE signaling pathway， reducing neuroinflammatory responses， and regulating neurotransmitter levels.

Objective: To construct an evaluation index system for emergency response capability of public health emergency responders at municipal and district levels in Shanghai, so as to provide a tool for capability assessment and team building of emergency responders. Methods: The framework of the evaluation indexe system for emergency response capability of public health emergency responders at municipal and district levels in Shanghai were preliminarily established through literature retrieval, policy review and research group discussion. The Delphi method was used to invite experts in the fields of emergency management, disease prevention and control or public health to participate in the consultation, and the index system was determined. The quality of the consultation was evaluated using the expert positive coefficient, authority coefficient and degree of coordination. The analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weights of the first- and second-level indexes, and the percentage weight method was used to determine the weights of the third-level indexes. Results: A total of 20 experts participated in the consultation, including 12 males and 8 females. Sixteen experts had a master's degree or above. The mean years of practice was (16.50±5.24) years. The response rates of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaires were 100.00% and 95.00%, respectively. The expert authority coefficient was 0.86±0.07, and Kendall's coefficients of concordance were 0.161-0.247 and 0.314-0.585, respectively (all P<0.05). The constructed evaluation index system for emergency response capability of public health emergency responders at municipal and district levels in Shanghai included 4 first-level indexes: "emergency preparedness capability" (0.193 1), "monitoring and early warning capability" (0.263 9), "emergency response capability" (0.392 3) and "emergency recovery capability" (0.150 8). Among the 15 second-level indexes, "on-site investigation" (0.084 7) and "emergency response" (0.080 5) ranked the top two in combined weight. Among the 59 third-level indexes, there were 42 common indexes, 12 municipal-level specific indexes and 5 district-level specific indexes. Conclusions The expert consultation in this study showed good expert positivity and authority. The constructed evaluation index system takes into account both the common capabilities and differentiated functional needs of public health emergency responders at municipal and district levels in Shanghai, and can provide a tool for evaluating the emergency response capability of public health emergency responders at municipal and district levels in Shanghai.

Objective: To investigate the indoor fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) pollution and its influencing factors in children s bedrooms using solid fuel, so as to provide evidence for effective strategy to reduce PM 2.5 pollution. Methods: From December 2019 to November 2020, 198 households (108 in the north, 90 in the south) from two pilots in the north(Jiamusi in Heilongjiang Province) and south of China (Mianyang in Sichuan Province) were selected, and status of solid fuels using were obtained through home visits, dynamic changes in PM 2.5 concentrations in children s bedrooms were monitored by using real time online instruments, and the influencing factors of PM 2.5 pollution were analyzed by using a mixed effects model. Results: During the monitoring period, the daily PM 2.5 concentrations in the northern and southern pilot were 78.33 (40.50, 154.80) and 38.54(26.20, 58.46) μg/m 3, respectively, exceeding standard rates of 44.57% and 33.22%. During the heating period, the daily PM 2.5 concentrations in the northern and southern pilot were 212.50(133.60,244.10) and 104.42(73.97, 134.90) μg/m 3, respectively, with over standard rates of 96.75% and 86.96%. The mixed effects model analysis results showed that children s bedroom PM 2.5 concentrations were associated with solid fuel usage duration, window opening time, room layout (shared entrance door between kitchen and bedroom), indoor smoking, indoor humidity, and solid fuel use in the bedroom ( β =0.19, -0.05, 1.20, 0.43, 0.02, 0.35, all P <0.05). Conclusion Solid fuel combustion significantly comtributes to PM 2.5 pollution in children s bedrooms, with more pronounced impacts observed in northern China compared to southern regions.

Objective:To investigate the impact of lesions in different nuclei of the subcortical basal ganglia on speech processing functions in patients with post-stroke dysarthria.Methods:From July 2022 to September 2023, a total of 20 patients with post-stroke dysarthria (patient group) and 22 healthy individuals (control group) were recruited. Brain imaging data, including structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), as well as behavioral data of speech fluency task and picture association task were collected. Structural MRI data was analyzed using SPM12 software to perform voxel-based morphometry (VBM), measuring cortical thickness and gray matter volume (VGM) in specific nuclei of the basal ganglia. Behavioral metrics, such as reaction time (RT) and the number of valid responses were extracted for each task. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0 and R 4.0 softwares. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to examine relationships between neuroimaging parameters and behavioral performance indicators.Results:The patient group exhibited significantly smaller gray matter volumes in both left and right caudate nuclei((2.69±0.92)mm 3, (3.17±0.91)mm 3 ) and putamen (3.31±1.08)mm 3, (3.66±0.91)mm 3) compared to the control group (caudate nuclei (3.19±0.36)mm 3, (3.49±0.52)mm 3 putamen (4.52±0.54)mm 3, (4.72±0.64)mm 3), with statistically significant differences ( t=-2.83, 1.68; t=-3.59, 3.52, both P<0.05). Behavioral experiments revealed that the patient group exhibited significantly prolonged reaction time during picture association and naming tasks (1 910.50(1 214.25, 3 806.75) ms, 1 362.00(978.00, 2 297.00) ms) compared to the control group (1 618.00(1 162.75, 2 401.75) ms, 1 224.00(984.25, 1 661.50) ms; Z=-5.20, -4.61, both P<0.05). Gray matter volumes in the left caudate nucleus and left putamen exhibited negative correlations with reaction times during the picture naming task ( r=-0.52, -0.54, both P<0.05). Additionally, the gray matter volume of the left putamen demonstrated a positive correlation with the number of valid responses in speech fluency task-T2 ( r=0.46, P<0.05), whereas the left globus pallidus volume showed a negative correlation with speech fluency task-T1 ( r=-0.51, P<0.05) with the same measure. Conclusion:Lesions in the left subnuclei of the basal ganglia directly impair early-stage speech functions, including conceptual preparation and lexical selection, whereas right-side lesions exert less pronounced effects on linguistic performance compared to their left counterparts. Furthermore, the basal ganglia's involvement in higher-order linguistic processing may represent an indirect consequence of cognitive decline.

Objective:To investigate the impact of lesions in different nuclei of the subcortical basal ganglia on speech processing functions in patients with post-stroke dysarthria.Methods:From July 2022 to September 2023, a total of 20 patients with post-stroke dysarthria (patient group) and 22 healthy individuals (control group) were recruited. Brain imaging data, including structural magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), as well as behavioral data of speech fluency task and picture association task were collected. Structural MRI data was analyzed using SPM12 software to perform voxel-based morphometry (VBM), measuring cortical thickness and gray matter volume (VGM) in specific nuclei of the basal ganglia. Behavioral metrics, such as reaction time (RT) and the number of valid responses were extracted for each task. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 27.0 and R 4.0 softwares. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to examine relationships between neuroimaging parameters and behavioral performance indicators.Results:The patient group exhibited significantly smaller gray matter volumes in both left and right caudate nuclei((2.69±0.92)mm 3, (3.17±0.91)mm 3 ) and putamen (3.31±1.08)mm 3, (3.66±0.91)mm 3) compared to the control group (caudate nuclei (3.19±0.36)mm 3, (3.49±0.52)mm 3 putamen (4.52±0.54)mm 3, (4.72±0.64)mm 3), with statistically significant differences ( t=-2.83, 1.68; t=-3.59, 3.52, both P<0.05). Behavioral experiments revealed that the patient group exhibited significantly prolonged reaction time during picture association and naming tasks (1 910.50(1 214.25, 3 806.75) ms, 1 362.00(978.00, 2 297.00) ms) compared to the control group (1 618.00(1 162.75, 2 401.75) ms, 1 224.00(984.25, 1 661.50) ms; Z=-5.20, -4.61, both P<0.05). Gray matter volumes in the left caudate nucleus and left putamen exhibited negative correlations with reaction times during the picture naming task ( r=-0.52, -0.54, both P<0.05). Additionally, the gray matter volume of the left putamen demonstrated a positive correlation with the number of valid responses in speech fluency task-T2 ( r=0.46, P<0.05), whereas the left globus pallidus volume showed a negative correlation with speech fluency task-T1 ( r=-0.51, P<0.05) with the same measure. Conclusion:Lesions in the left subnuclei of the basal ganglia directly impair early-stage speech functions, including conceptual preparation and lexical selection, whereas right-side lesions exert less pronounced effects on linguistic performance compared to their left counterparts. Furthermore, the basal ganglia's involvement in higher-order linguistic processing may represent an indirect consequence of cognitive decline.

BACKGROUND:Electrospun porous nanofiber exhibits excellent properties and designability.It is an effective way to control the release of traditional Chinese medicine and improve the bioavailability to design an advanced drug delivery system,which has a broad application prospect. OBJECTIVE:To review the construction methods of the electrospinning drug delivery system of traditional Chinese medicine and its related research progress in the medical field. METHODS:The literature search was performed in CNKI,PubMed,and Web of Science databases with the search terms"electrospinning,traditional Chinese medicine,drug carrier,drug delivery system,tissue engineering,dressing"in both English and Chinese for articles published from 2013 to 2023.Finally,62 articles were included in this review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The key elements of the electrospinning drug delivery system of Chinese medicine preparation are substrate material,traditional Chinese medicine composition,and drug loading method.(2)The preparation of the electrospinning drug delivery system of Chinese medicine can be carried out according to the application scenario and therapeutic purpose.Firstly,the types of Chinese medicine are selected,then the polymer matrix and solution suitable for them are selected,and finally,the fiber structure is designed according to the drug release requirements and the appropriate drug loading method is adopted.(3)At present,the medicinal agents used are mainly plant Chinese medicine,and there is a lack of systematic research on animal and mineral Chinese medicine.(4)Blended drug loading is the most studied and applied drug loading method,and its drug release characteristics and adaptation scenarios are constantly expanded by optimizing the physicochemical properties of the solution and selecting the diversity of loaded substances.Multilayer fibers with different compositions and properties can be prepared by coaxial,multi-axis,and sequential electrospinning methods,which have broad development prospects.(5)The early application of the electrospinning drug delivery system of Chinese medicine focused on medical dressings according to the antibacterial and hemostatic functions.In recent years,it has been studied in the field of tissue engineering because some components of traditional Chinese medicine can promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation.(6)At present,the research mainly focuses on the characterization and optimization of loading materials,processes,physicochemical properties,and biological properties,but the research on the mechanism is less.Its clinical application has not been widespread;the adverse reactions in vivo and the interaction between its degradation behavior and drug release behavior are still unknown.(7)Future studies need to consider:We should expand the application of Chinese medicine by improving the physicochemical properties and increasing the purification of Chinese medicine extracts.We need to comprehensively study the therapeutic effects and application mechanisms of Chinese medicine,and clarify the interaction of degradation behavior and drug release behavior,to achieve a more perfect combination and application of Chinese medicine and electrospinning nanofibers under a more accurate mechanism.

【Objective】 To observe the effect of tele-rehabilitation program on the articulation resolution of preschool children with functional articulation disorders (FAD), so as to provide reference for the clinical application of tele-rehabilitation in this context. 【Methods】 A total of 66 preschool children diagnosed with FAD in the outpatient department of Child Rehabilitation, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from March 2022 to March 2023 were selected into this study, and were divided into tele-rehabilitation group (n=32) and control group (n=34) by random number table method. The control group received daily family rehabilitation guidance, while the tele-rehabilitation group underwent a tele-rehabilitation program lasting for 3 months. All children were assessed using the Chinese phonological ability evaluation lexicon before and 3 months after the treatment. 【Results】 After 3 months of treatment, both the tele-rehabilitation group and the control group showed significant improvements in articulation resolution compared to before treatment (t=12.165、12.986, P<0.05). Notably, the tele-rehabilitation group exhibited significantly greater improvement than the control group (t=2.138, P<0.05). Within the tele-rehabilitation group, children were further divided into three subgroups based on the severity of their dysphonia: mild, moderate, and severe. After 3 months of treatment, the articulation resolution of the mild and moderate groups improved significantly compared to before treatment (Z=2.226, 31.900, P<0.05), whereas no statistically significant improvement was observed in the severe group compared to before treatment (Z=1.857, P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Tele-rehabilitation program effectively improves articulation resolution in preschool children with FAD, especially for mild to moderate preschool children with FAD.

Insomnia is a prevalent clinical condition that not only diminishes the patient's quality of life but also has the potential to give rise to further health complications.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used to treat insomnia for thousands of years,with distinct advantages.TCM uses syndrome differentiation and therapy to achieve its therapeutic effects,by regulating the internal balance of the human body.To gain a deeper understanding of how TCM treats insomnia,it is crucial to create animal models that exhibit insomnia symptoms closely resembling those found in humans.This review summarizes the current disease-syndrome combination models,which can be classified into four categories:liver depression and Qi stagnation,heart-spleen deficiency,heart-kidney incompatibility,and Yin and blood deficiency.This paper focuses on specific modelling method ologies,assessment indicators,and model performances,with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of insomnia in the context of TCM,and providing technical assistance for clinical efficacy evaluation and the creation of novel drugs.

Insomnia is a prevalent clinical condition that not only diminishes the patient's quality of life but also has the potential to give rise to further health complications.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has been used to treat insomnia for thousands of years,with distinct advantages.TCM uses syndrome differentiation and therapy to achieve its therapeutic effects,by regulating the internal balance of the human body.To gain a deeper understanding of how TCM treats insomnia,it is crucial to create animal models that exhibit insomnia symptoms closely resembling those found in humans.This review summarizes the current disease-syndrome combination models,which can be classified into four categories:liver depression and Qi stagnation,heart-spleen deficiency,heart-kidney incompatibility,and Yin and blood deficiency.This paper focuses on specific modelling method ologies,assessment indicators,and model performances,with the aim of enhancing our understanding of the pathophysiology of insomnia in the context of TCM,and providing technical assistance for clinical efficacy evaluation and the creation of novel drugs.