The traditional theory of "the spleen governs the dispersion of essence" refers to the spleen's pivotal role in distributing refined nutrients throughout the body. In traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， lipids are categorized under "gaozhi （膏脂）"， and their transportation and metabolism via apolipoproteins are believed to be closely related to the spleen's dispersing function. The liver， which synthesizes apolipoproteins， is functionally linked to the spleen system in TCM. Impaired dispersion of essence by the spleen and disrupted transportation of gaozhi constitute the pathological mechanism of dyslipidemia due to spleen deficiency. Strengthening the spleen and resolving dampness is the core therapeutic principle. From the perspective of modern medicine， this may involve promoting hepatic functional recovery related to lipid metabolism， thereby enhancing lipid processing and reducing the levels of abnormally accumulated lipids in the bloodstream.

Objective:This study aims to assess the effects of soy and whey protein on body composition and muscle function in hospitalized lung cancer patients with cancer-related sarcopenia.Methods:Paired comparison method was adopted for data collected before and after intervention. All enrolled non-small cell lung cancer patients with cancer-related sarcopenia were assigned to either the soy protein (30 g/d) or the whey protein (30 g/d) group to receive the 12-week intervention. Changes in muscle mass (MM) and muscle function before and after intervention were observed to assess intra-group and inter-group differences.Results:The study included 48 patients, 32 of whom completed the intervention and follow-up (16 from the whey protein group and 16 from the soy protein group). After 12 weeks of intervention with whey protein, significant increases were observed in trunk muscle mass (TMM, P=0.014) and TMM adjusted for height (TMM/Ht 2, P=0.011). After 12 weeks of intervention with soy protein, significant increases were noted in appendicular muscle mass (AMM, P=0.049), AMM adjusted for body mass index (AMM/BMI, P=0.044), fat free mass (FFM, P=0.041), and MM ( P=0.038). After adjustment using generalized estimating equations, only TMM/Ht 2 ( P=0.049) showed a significant increase in the whey protein group, while TMM ( P=0.040) and TMM/Ht 2 ( P=0.005) significantly increased in the soy protein group. Despite that all MM-related indices increased in both groups, there were no significant inter-group differences after adjusted by covariate analysis. Conclusions:Interventions with soy protein and whey protein can help maintain and improve muscle mass and muscle function in patients with lung cancer-related sarcopenia. Soy protein and whey protein may have comparable benefits in patients with lung cancer-related sarcopenia.

Objective:To Investigate the prevalence of cancer related muscle disorder (CRMD) in hospitalized lung cancer patients, and to identify the possible risk factors.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. The study enrolled 259 patients without missing data who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from 347 lung cancer patients who were non-repeated hospitalized in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 2023 to August 2023. Bioimpedance analysis was used to measure muscle mass in patients, and dietary information was collected using the food frequency questionnaire. Disease information and laboratory test results were obtained by consulting Hospital Information System. According to AWGS 2019, patients were divided into five groups: possible sarcopenia (PS), sarcopenia (S), severe sarcopenia (SS), low muscle mass (LMM), and non-muscle disorder (non-MD). The analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, and χ 2 test were used to compare differences in baseline data, energy and macronutrient intake, and laboratory test indicators among different groups, and ordered logistic regression analysis was applied for multivariate analysis to identify the influencing factors of CRMD in lung cancer patients. Results:This study included 259 hospitalized lung cancer patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The prevalence of CRMD among 259 patients was 64.5%, PS was 27.4%, S was 13.5%, SS was 14.3%, and LMM was 5.4%. plant protein intake ( OR=0.969, 95% CI: 0.942-0.996) and regular exercise ( OR=0.485, 95% CI: 0.269-0.869) were found to be protective factors for CRMD in hospitalized lung cancer patients, while age ( OR=1.056, 95% CI: 1.013-1.101), weight loss of more than 5% in the last six months ( OR=4.546, 95% CI: 1.363-15.563), and diabetes ( OR=2.342, 95% CI: 1.137-4.866) were identified as risk factors. Conclusion:The prevalence of CRMD in hospitalized lung cancer patients is relatively high, and is closely related to age, weight changes, exercise, comorbidities, and dietary intake.

[Objective]To explore the etiology,pathogenesis and treatment methods of ulcerative colitis(UC),in order to provide theoretical basis for expanding the differentiation and treatment of UC.[Methods]Based on a review of the theoretical connotation of"spleen acting as the guard for five Zang-organs and six Fu-organs",and the understanding of the pathogenesis of UC in modern medicine,the correlation between spleen dysfunction and UC was explored from the perspective of"spleen losing of guard".Combined with the changes in the pathogenesis of UC during its progression,the principles of differentiation and treatment in each substage were specifically discussed.[Results]The key pathogenesis of UC is"spleen losing of guard",which runs through all stages of the disease.Therefore,it is proposed to use"assisting spleen to restore the function of guard"as the treatment principle.In the active phase,the method of treatment is to eliminate accumulation and transform stagnation,regulate the spleen and defensive Qi.In the remission phase,the method of treatment is to regulate Qi and relieve depression,and strengthen the spleen and promote defensive Qi.In the recovery phase,the method of treatment is to nourish the muscles,and strengthen the spleen and defensive Qi.[Conclusion]The application of the theory of"spleen acting as the guard for five Zang-organs and six Fu-organs"helps to understand the close relationship between the pathogenesis of UC and the spleen,refine the treatment rules and specific prescriptions of UC related to the spleen in each stage.

AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of raddeanin A(RA)on prostate cancer xenograft mouse model,and to explore its potential mechanisms.METHODS:(1)Western blot analysis was used to investigate the effects of different concentrations(0,0.5,1,2 and 4 μmol/L)of RA on the expression of programmed cell death li-gand 1(PD-L1)protein in prostate cancer cell lines PC-3,DU145 and RM-1.(2)Thirty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into blank group,low-dose RA group,and high-dose RA group,with 10 mice in each group.The mice in low-and high-dose RA groups were intraperitoneally injected with 2 and 4 mg/kg RA continuously for 24 d,respectively.Mouse body weight was recorded,and tumor volume and weight were measured.Immunohistochemistry experiments were con-ducted to detect the expression of Ki67 and PD-L1 proteins in mouse tumor tissues.Flow cytometry was used to determine the percentages of CD8+T cells,CD4+T cells and regulatory T cells(Treg),as well as the levels of interferon-γ(IFN-γ)and granzyme B(GzmB)in tumor tissues.RESULTS:Treatment with RA significantly reduced the expression of PD-L1 in PC-3,DU145 and RM-1 cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In vivo experiments showed that RA treatment led to significant decreases in tumor volume and weight(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Additionally,the expression levels of Ki67 and PD-L1 in tu-mor tissues were significantly reduced(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Furthermore,RA treatment significantly increased the per-centages of CD8+T cells and CD4+T cells within mouse tumors,elevated the levels of IFN-γ and GzmB,and reduced the number of activated Treg(P<0.05 or P<0.01).CONCLUSION:The RA exhibits potent inhibitory effects on tumor growth in a prostate cancer xenograft mouse model.Its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of PD-L1 expres-sion,increased infiltration of tumor-infiltrating T cells,and suppression of Treg.

Objective:To analyze the research literature related to end tuberculosis (TB) using bibliometric methods, so as to provide researchers with insights into current research trends and hotspots in this field.Methods:A search was conducted using the Web of Science core collection data base on March 5, 2024. The research was limited to articles and reviews published between 2014 and 2023. The results were visualized with VOSviewer, and an analysis was performed on the involved national, international research cooperation networks and keyword clustering.Results:A total of 1 092 articles related to end TB research were retrieved and screened, with a total citation counts of 14 871 and an average citation counts of 13.62 per article. The United States of America had the highest number of publications (328 articles, 30.04%), while China ranked seventh (100 articles, 9.16%). International scientific collaboration network analysis indicated that countries primarily included the United Kindom, the United States of America, Switzerland, South Africa, the Netherlands, Australia, and India, which had formed close cooperation in the field of end TB research. Keyword clustering analysis suggested that current research hotspots in end TB field included cost analysis related to TB, management of latent TB individuals, strategies for TB prevention and control, key technologies in TB elimination, and TB epidemiology and associated risk factors.Conclusions:Over the past decade, the number of publications and citations in the field of end TB is relatively high. International research collaboration has been extensive, and the research content covers multiple dimensions, including the management and cost analysis of different disease stages, technological innovations, considerations for comprehensive control strategy, and epidemiology.

Objective To explore the changes in serum energy metabolites in patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma,and investigate serum biomarkers for monitoring peripheral T-cell lymphoma from the perspective of energy metabolism.Methods Multiple/selected reaction monitoring(MRM/SRM)was used to detect the energy-related metabolites in the sera of 16 patients with newly diagnosed peripheral T-cell lymphoma admitted in the Hematology Medical Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from November 2020 to December 2021,as well as 10 recruited healthy volunteers.The corresponding clinical data including medical history,laboratory results and image data were collected and retrospectively analyzed.Results Significant differences were seen in the contents and expression profiles of serum energy metabolism-related products between the patients and the healthy volunteers.The patients had significantly reduced serum contents of cyclic AMP,succinate,citrate and cis-aconitate(P＜0.05),and elevated D-glucose 6-phosphate content(P＜0.05).The serum contents of citrate and succinate were negatively correlated with the risk stratification(low-,moderate-and high-risk)and clinical stage of the disease(P＜0.05).Meanwhile,there was a negative correlation between the contents of L-malic acid and citrate and the mid-term efficacy evaluation results,such as complete/partial response(CR/PR)or stable disease(SD)(P＜0.05).For patients with extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma(n=10),there were also significant reductions in the contents of cyclic AMP,succinate,citrate,isocitrate and cis-aconitate in the sera of patients compared with healthy volunteers(P＜0.05),and the contents of citrate and succinate were negatively correlated with the clinical stage(P＜0.05)and were rather correlated with mid-term efficacy evaluation results(CR/PR or SD)(P＜0.05).For patients with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma(n=6),the serum contents of cyclic AMP,citrate and succinate were significantly lower,while the content of D-glucose 6-phosphate was higher when compared with the healthy volunteers(P＜0.05),and the content of succinate was negatively correlated with both clinical stage and risk grade of the patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion There are 5 serum differential metabolites identified between patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma and healthy controls,and succinate and citrate are expected to be serum biomarkers of peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

Fanconi anemia (FA) is an inheritable disorder that presents with bone marrow failure, developmental anomalies, and an increased susceptibility to cancer. The etiology of this condition stems from a genetic mutation that disrupts the proper repair of interstrand DNA cross-links (ICLs). The resultant dysregulation of the DNA damage response mechanism can induce genomic instability, thereby elevating the mutation rates and the likelihood of developing cancer. The FA pathway assumes a pivotal role in safeguarding genome stability through its involvement in the repair of DNA cross-links and the maintenance of overall genomic integrity. A mutation in the germ line of any of the genes responsible for encoding the FA protein results in the development of FA. The prevalence of aberrant FA gene expression in somatic cancer, coupled with the identification of a connection between FA pathway activation and resistance to chemotherapy, has solidified the correlation between the FA pathway and cancer. Consequently, targeted therapies that exploit FA pathway gene abnormalities are being progressively developed and implemented. This review critically examines the involvement of the FA protein in the repair of ICLs, the regulation of the FA signaling network, and its implications in cancer pathogenesis and prognosis. Additionally, it explores the potential utility of small-molecule inhibitors that target the FA pathway.

Objective To explore the effect of open reading frame 66(C12ORF66)located at chromosome 12 on the viability of MYCN amplified NB cell lines.Methods DDatasets GSE16476 and GSE49710 in R2 database were analyzed for expression level of C12ORF66 in MYCN amplified and MYCN non-amplified NB cells and its potential correlation with the prognosis of pediatric patients.C12ORF66 mRNA expression level in normal tissue immortalized cell lines,MYCN amplified and MYCN non-amplified cell lines were detected by RT-qRCR.Transient or stable knockdown of C12ORF66 cell lines were constructed to compare the difference in real time cellular analysis(RTCA),colony formation,Ki67 positive cells between the control group and the C12ORF66 knockdown group.Results By analyzing R2 datasets,C12ORF66 level in MYCN amplified samples was significantly higher than that in MYCN non-amplified samples,and the expression of C12ORF66 was negatively correlated with the prognosis of pediatric patients(P＜0.05).C12ORF66 highly expressed in MYCN-amplified BE(2)-C and SK-N-BE(2)cell lines than in MYCN non-amplified CHLA-255 and SH-SY5Y cell lines(P＜0.001).Transient or stable knockdown of C12ORF66 resulted in significant slow down of proliferation of MYCN amplified NB cells(P＜0.001),the colony formation ability was significantly reduced(P＜0.001),and the proportion of Ki67 positive cells was significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusions C12ORF66 was highly expressed in MYCN amplified clinical NB samples and cell lines which is believed to be correlated with poor prognosis of pediatric patients.C12ORF66 knockdown signifi-cantly inhibits cell viability of NB cells.

Objective:To investigate the function and underlying mechanism of cysteine and glycine-rich protein 2(CSRP2)in neuroblastoma(NB).Methods:The correlation between the expression level of CSRP2 mRNA and the prognosis of NB children in NB clinical samples was analyzed in R2 Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform.The small interfering RNA(siRNA)targeting CSRP2 or CSRP2 plasmid were transfected to NB cell lines SK-N-BE(2)and SH-SY5Y.Cell proliferation was observed by crystal violet staining and real-time cellular analysis.The ability of colony formation of NB cells was ob-served by colony-forming unit assay.Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67.Flow cytometry analysis for cell cycle proportion was used with cells stained by propidium iodide(PI).Annexin V/7AAD was used to stain cells and analyze the percentage of cell apoptosis.The ability of cell migration was determined by cell wound-healing assay.The level of protein and mRNA expression of CSRP2 in NB primary tumor and NB cell lines were detected by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR(RT-qPCR).Results:By analyzing the NB clinical sample databases,it was found that the expression levels of CSRP2 in high-risk NB with 3/4 stages in international neuroblas-toma staging system(INSS)were significantly higher than that in low-risk NB with 1/2 INSS stages.The NB patients with high expression levels of CSRP2 were shown lower overall survival rate than those with low expression levels of CSRP2.We detected the protein levels of CSRP2 in the NB samples by Western blot,and found that the protein level of CSRP2 in 3/4 INSS stages was significantly higher than that in 1/2 INSS stages.Knockdown of CSRP2 inhibited cell viability and proliferation of NB cells.Overexpression of CSRP2 increased the proliferation of NB cells.Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of sub-G1,G0/G1 and S phase cells and Annexin V positive cells were increased after CSRP2 deficiency.In the cell wound-healing assay,the healing rate of NB cells was significantly attenuated after knockdown of CSRP2.Further mechanism studies showed that the proportion of the proliferation marker Ki-67 and the phospho-rylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2(ERK1/2)were significantly decreased after CSRP2 knockdown.Conclusion:CSRP2 is highly expressed in high-risk NB with 3/4 INSS stages,and the expression levels of CSRP2 are negatively correlated with the overall survival of NB patients.CSRP2 significantly increased the proliferation and cell migration of NB cells and inhibited cell apoptosis via the activation of ERK1/2.All these results indicate that CSRP2 promotes the progression of NB by activating ERK1/2,and this study will provide a potential target for high-risk NB therapy.