Objective To evaluate the influence of the wearing position of dosimeters outside lead aprons on effective dose estimation for interventional radiology workers, analyze the differences between single and double dosimeter methods in effective dose estimation, and provide a reference for the personal dose monitoring of interventional radiology workers. Methods This study employed a combined approach of on-site monitoring and Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the impact of the wearing position of dosimeters outside lead aprons on effective dose estimation, as well as the differences between effective doses measured using single and double dosimeters. Interventional radiology workers wore dosimeters at three positions: the neck outside the lead collar, the left chest outside the lead apron, and inside the lead apron. Effective doses were estimated using the single and double dosimeter methods specified in GBZ 128-2019 Specifications for individual monitoring of occupational external exposure, and the impact of different wearing positions on the estimation results was compared. Geant4 Monte Carlo simulations were used to model dose distributions at the neck outside the lead collar and at the left chest outside the lead apron for operators performing cardiovascular interventions under tube voltages of 70, 80, 90, and 100 kVp and exposure angles of posteroanterior (PA), anteroposterior (AP), and left anterior oblique 45° (LAO45°) positions. The study assessed the impact of dosimeter wearing position on effective dose estimation. Results Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated that neck doses consistently exceeded left chest doses across different tube voltages and exposure angles, with neck-to-chest dose ratios of 0.80-0.90. Under identical tube voltage conditions, AP showed the highest doses, followed by LAO45°, and PA demonstrated the lowest doses. The single and double dosimeter methods exhibited consistent patterns in effective dose estimation. Single dosimeter method generally yielded higher effective doses with relative deviations of 9.9% to 83%, though these deviations decreased under high tube voltages. Field monitoring data indicated that most interventional radiology workers maintained relative deviations between single and double dosimeter calculations below 6%, with neck-to-chest dose ratios of 0.95-1.1. The estimation patterns remained consistent across both methods, though single dosimeter method showed slightly higher results. Conclusion Under PA, AP, or LAO45°, the doses at the neck consistently exceeded those at the left chest. Therefore, when wearing lead protective equipment, the dosimeter should be properly positioned at the neck outside the lead collar to accurately reflect the radiation doses of surgeons. Some interventional radiology workers improperly positioned the dosimeter (intended at the neck outside the lead collar) at the left chest outside the lead apron, and this may result in an underestimation of the effective dose.

Objective To observe the effects of Ditan Yizhi Decoction on learning and memory ability,structure of hippocampal tissue,neuronal morphology of hippocampus,and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum autophagy-related protein FAM134B in hippocampal tissue;To explore the mechanism of its therapeutic effect on vascular dementia.Methods Totally 32 SD rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group,model group,donepezil group and Ditan Yizhi Decoction group,with 8 rats in each group.The model group,donepezil group and Ditan Yizhi Decoction group were prepared with a modified permanent ligation method of bilateral common carotid arteries to create a rat model of vascular dementia,the common carotid artery was separated in the sham-operation group,but not ligated.After modeling,the donepezil group was given donepezil hydrochloride,Ditan Yizhi Decoction group was given Ditan Yizhi Decoction,and the sham-operation group and model group were given equal volume of distilled water for gavage for 4 consecutive weeks.Morris water maze experiment was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability,HE staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the morphological changes of hippocampus,ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons was observed using transmission electron microscopy,Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of FAM134B and p-FAM134B in hippocampal tissue.Results Compared with the sham-operation group,the escape latency period was prolonged of the rats in model group,and the number of crossing the original platform and the duration of stay in the target quadrant was reduced(P<0.01),the gap between neurons in CA1 region of the hippocampus increased,the cell morphology was irregular,the boundaries were blurred,the neurons shrinked,the Nissl bodies dissolved and broke,the number decreased,the endoplasmic reticulum arrangement was scattered,mitochondria swelled and deformed,and the expressions of FAM134B and p-FAM134B protein in hippocampal tissue increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the escape latency period of rats in donepezil group and Ditan Yizhi Decoction group were significantly shortened,and the number of crossing the original platform and the duration of stay in the target quadrant were increased(P<0.01),the morphology and quantity of neurons in CA1 region of the hippocampus were more regular,with a decrease in neuronal pyknosis,an increase in the number of Nissl bodies,and a reduction in dissolution and fragmentation,the swelling and deformation of the endoplasmic reticulum were restored,and the expression of FAM134B and p-FAM134B protein in hippocampal tissue increased(P<0.01).Moreover,the effects of Ditan Yizhi Decoction group were better than those of the donepezil group(P<0.01).Conclusion Ditan Yizhi Decoction can improve the learning and memory ability and the morphology of neurons in vascular dementia rats.The mechanism may related to increasing the expression and phosphorylation of FAM134B protein,thereby promoting endoplasmic reticulum autophagy.

Abstract: Objective　The aim of this study was to observe the expression levels and clinical significance of peripheral blood interferon γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) and various cytokines in patients with different infection statuses of tuberculosis and to assess the efficacy of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in the progression to active tuberculosis (ATB). Methods　Seventy-six outpatient and inpatient cases from the Third People's Hospital of Kunming were collected and analyzed from March 2023 to February 2024. The patients were divided into three groups: ATB group (31 cases, 17 males, median age 33 years), LTBI group (27 cases, 17 males, median age 29 years), and healthy control (HC) group (18 cases, 11 males, median age 25 years). Peripheral blood samples from the three groups were taken and the expression levels of IP-10 and cytokines IL-6, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-2, and TNF-α were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. The t-test was used for normally distributed samples, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used for skewed distributions. For comparisons between multiple groups, the Kruskal-Wallis H test was first employed, followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test for pairwise comparisons. Finally, the effectiveness of each cytokine in distinguishing different population groups was analyzed. Results　The expression levels of peripheral blood IP-10 were higher in the LTBI and ATB groups than in the HC group, but the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of the subjects showed moderate sensitivity (AUC:0.7-0.9) and low specificity (AUC:0.5-0.7). The IL-6 expression levels were in the order of high to low in the ATB group, LTBI group, and HC group, where the HC group was significantly lower than the ATB and LTBI groups (F=12.15, P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the ATB group were higher than those in the HC group. Conclusions　IP-10 exhibits unique advantages in distinguishing different tuberculosis statuses. The predictive efficacy of a single cytokine is limited. Combining multiple cytokines such as IL-6 with clinical manifestations, a more accurate and comprehensive prediction model can be established.

Objective:To investigate the condylar resorption and influencing factors in post mandibular distraction osteogenesis of the hemifacial microsomia patients.Methods:This retrospective study investigated the clinical data of hemifacial microsomia patients who underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2008 to August 2021. Three-dimensional models of pre-operation and pre-distractor extraction were created by the analysis of CT data via ProPlan CMF 3.0. The height and volume of the condyle were measured. Data were analyzed statistically. According to the changes of condylar height and volume pre- and post-operation, the condylar height resorption rate and volume resorption rate could be calculated. The volume resorption rate of the affected side between Type-Ⅱa and Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia patients, hemifacial microsomia patients whether wearing a bite plate, prereproductive and adolescent hemifacial microsomia patients were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. The Spearman correlation coefficient analysis was used to determine the correlations of the condylar volume resorption rate and condylar height resorption rate in the affected side with measurements of elogation distance, preoperative condylar height, patient age, and distractor remaining time in mandible. P<0.05 indicates that the difference was statistically significant. Results:Forty-seven Type-Ⅱa hemifacial microsomia patients(36 male patients, 11 female patients) were included, patient age ranged from 5 to 20 years and the mean age was (8.49±2.60) years, 36 patients were in the prereproductive age(5-<10 years old), and 11 patients were in the adolescent age(10-20 years old). Forty-six Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia patients(34 male patients, 12 female patients) were included, patient age ranged from 5 to 20 years and the mean age was (8.93±3.43) years. Thirty-six patients were in the prereproductive age(5-<10 years-old), and ten patients were in the adolescent age(10-20 years-old). The follow-up period of Type-Ⅱa hemifacial microsomia patients was (8.49±2.60) months, and the follow-up period of Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia patients was (9.79±2.59) months. Facial asymmetry was improved effectively. Surgical part of the bone had good osteogenesis. Mouth opening and closing, speech, and eating were all normal. The condylar volume resorption rate 34.8%(19.1%, 54.3%) in the affected side of Type-Ⅱa hemifacial microsomia was significantly associated with the elogation distance ( r=0.46, P=0.001), and it had no correlation with the height of the affected condyle ( r=-0.12, P=0.421), age of patients ( r=-0.06, P=0.691), and distractor remaining time in mandible ( r=-0.10, P=0.517). The condylar volume resorption rate 61.0%(11.2%, 95.0%) in the affected side of Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia was significantly associated with the height of the affected condyle ( r=-0.45, P=0.002) and had weak correlation with the elogation distance ( r=0.29, P=0.049), and it had no correlation with age of patients ( r=0.06, P=0.705), and distractor remaining time in mandible ( r=0.21, P=0.157). However, there was no significant difference in terms of the condylar volume resorption rate of the affected side between Type-Ⅱa and Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia ( z=-1.90, P=0.058). Whether the hemifacial microsomia patients wearing a bite plate following mandibular distraction osteogenesis did not affect the condylar volume resorption rate of the affected side ( z=-1.17, P=0.242 in Type-Ⅱa hemifacial microsomia, z=-0.17, P=0.869 in Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia). The condylar volume resorption rate of the affected side had no significant difference between prereproductive and adolescent hemifacial microsomia patients ( z=-0.18, P=0.860 in Type Ⅱa hemifacial microsomia, z=-1.50, P=0.134 in Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia). Conclusion:Condylar resorption of the affected side would happen in post mandibular distraction osteogenesis of the hemifacial microsomia patients, and the condylar resorption rate of the affected side has relationship with the elogation distance and affected preoperative condylar height.

Objective:To investigate the condylar resorption and influencing factors in post mandibular distraction osteogenesis of the hemifacial microsomia patients.Methods:This retrospective study investigated the clinical data of hemifacial microsomia patients who underwent mandibular distraction osteogenesis in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October 2008 to August 2021. Three-dimensional models of pre-operation and pre-distractor extraction were created by the analysis of CT data via ProPlan CMF 3.0. The height and volume of the condyle were measured. Data were analyzed statistically. According to the changes of condylar height and volume pre- and post-operation, the condylar height resorption rate and volume resorption rate could be calculated. The volume resorption rate of the affected side between Type-Ⅱa and Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia patients, hemifacial microsomia patients whether wearing a bite plate, prereproductive and adolescent hemifacial microsomia patients were compared with the Mann-Whitney U test. The Spearman correlation coefficient analysis was used to determine the correlations of the condylar volume resorption rate and condylar height resorption rate in the affected side with measurements of elogation distance, preoperative condylar height, patient age, and distractor remaining time in mandible. P<0.05 indicates that the difference was statistically significant. Results:Forty-seven Type-Ⅱa hemifacial microsomia patients(36 male patients, 11 female patients) were included, patient age ranged from 5 to 20 years and the mean age was (8.49±2.60) years, 36 patients were in the prereproductive age(5-<10 years old), and 11 patients were in the adolescent age(10-20 years old). Forty-six Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia patients(34 male patients, 12 female patients) were included, patient age ranged from 5 to 20 years and the mean age was (8.93±3.43) years. Thirty-six patients were in the prereproductive age(5-<10 years-old), and ten patients were in the adolescent age(10-20 years-old). The follow-up period of Type-Ⅱa hemifacial microsomia patients was (8.49±2.60) months, and the follow-up period of Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia patients was (9.79±2.59) months. Facial asymmetry was improved effectively. Surgical part of the bone had good osteogenesis. Mouth opening and closing, speech, and eating were all normal. The condylar volume resorption rate 34.8%(19.1%, 54.3%) in the affected side of Type-Ⅱa hemifacial microsomia was significantly associated with the elogation distance ( r=0.46, P=0.001), and it had no correlation with the height of the affected condyle ( r=-0.12, P=0.421), age of patients ( r=-0.06, P=0.691), and distractor remaining time in mandible ( r=-0.10, P=0.517). The condylar volume resorption rate 61.0%(11.2%, 95.0%) in the affected side of Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia was significantly associated with the height of the affected condyle ( r=-0.45, P=0.002) and had weak correlation with the elogation distance ( r=0.29, P=0.049), and it had no correlation with age of patients ( r=0.06, P=0.705), and distractor remaining time in mandible ( r=0.21, P=0.157). However, there was no significant difference in terms of the condylar volume resorption rate of the affected side between Type-Ⅱa and Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia ( z=-1.90, P=0.058). Whether the hemifacial microsomia patients wearing a bite plate following mandibular distraction osteogenesis did not affect the condylar volume resorption rate of the affected side ( z=-1.17, P=0.242 in Type-Ⅱa hemifacial microsomia, z=-0.17, P=0.869 in Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia). The condylar volume resorption rate of the affected side had no significant difference between prereproductive and adolescent hemifacial microsomia patients ( z=-0.18, P=0.860 in Type Ⅱa hemifacial microsomia, z=-1.50, P=0.134 in Type-Ⅱb hemifacial microsomia). Conclusion:Condylar resorption of the affected side would happen in post mandibular distraction osteogenesis of the hemifacial microsomia patients, and the condylar resorption rate of the affected side has relationship with the elogation distance and affected preoperative condylar height.

Objective:Analyzing the morphological and functional changes of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) post L-shaped reduction malarplasty. And evaluating the surgical safety.Methods:The female cosmetic patients who underwent L-shaped reduction malarplasty in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from December 2015 to March 2019 were recruited as the study object. Three-dimension models of pre-operation and post-operation were created by the analysis of computed tomography (CT) data via Materialise ProPlan CMF 3.0. Seventeen groups of data relating to the length and angle of the TMJ were measured in the axial plane, coronal plane and sagittal plane. These measurements included condylar anteroposterior diameter in the axial plane and condylar anterior space, superior space and posterior space in the sagittal plane. Data were analyzed via SPSS 22.0 statistical software.Results:Thirty female cosmetic patients who underwent L-shaped reduction malarplasty were included. Patient age ranged from 21 to 36 years and the mean age was (26.19±4.08) years. Fifteen patients were less than 25 years old, and other fifteen patients were more than or at least 25 years old. The condylar anteroposterior diameter post-operation was significantly longer than pre-operation in the axial plane [(9.406±1.241) mm vs.(9.259±1.276) mm], and the difference was (0.146±0.388) mm. The condylar anterior space, superior space and posterior space post-operation were all significantly smaller than pre-operation in the sagittal plane [(1.080±0.537) mm vs.(1.193±0.533) mm/(1.598±0.591) mm vs.(1.907±0.755) mm/(1.239±0.568) mm vs.(1.670±0.926)mm], and the differences were (0.113±0.409) mm, (0.309±0.711) mm, and(0.431±0.786) mm, respectively. Other thirteen measurements showed none significant differences when compared to pre-operation and post-operation ( P>0.05). Conclusions:L-shaped reduction malarplasty could trigger slight morphological changes to the TMJ. However the TMJ could adapt these changes and reach to a new balance due to compensated adaptation. The normal physiological function would not be impacted. Surgery itself could be considered as a safe contour cosmetic surgery.

Objective:Analyzing the morphological and functional changes of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) post L-shaped reduction malarplasty. And evaluating the surgical safety.Methods:The female cosmetic patients who underwent L-shaped reduction malarplasty in the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from December 2015 to March 2019 were recruited as the study object. Three-dimension models of pre-operation and post-operation were created by the analysis of computed tomography (CT) data via Materialise ProPlan CMF 3.0. Seventeen groups of data relating to the length and angle of the TMJ were measured in the axial plane, coronal plane and sagittal plane. These measurements included condylar anteroposterior diameter in the axial plane and condylar anterior space, superior space and posterior space in the sagittal plane. Data were analyzed via SPSS 22.0 statistical software.Results:Thirty female cosmetic patients who underwent L-shaped reduction malarplasty were included. Patient age ranged from 21 to 36 years and the mean age was (26.19±4.08) years. Fifteen patients were less than 25 years old, and other fifteen patients were more than or at least 25 years old. The condylar anteroposterior diameter post-operation was significantly longer than pre-operation in the axial plane [(9.406±1.241) mm vs.(9.259±1.276) mm], and the difference was (0.146±0.388) mm. The condylar anterior space, superior space and posterior space post-operation were all significantly smaller than pre-operation in the sagittal plane [(1.080±0.537) mm vs.(1.193±0.533) mm/(1.598±0.591) mm vs.(1.907±0.755) mm/(1.239±0.568) mm vs.(1.670±0.926)mm], and the differences were (0.113±0.409) mm, (0.309±0.711) mm, and(0.431±0.786) mm, respectively. Other thirteen measurements showed none significant differences when compared to pre-operation and post-operation ( P>0.05). Conclusions:L-shaped reduction malarplasty could trigger slight morphological changes to the TMJ. However the TMJ could adapt these changes and reach to a new balance due to compensated adaptation. The normal physiological function would not be impacted. Surgery itself could be considered as a safe contour cosmetic surgery.

Objective:To investigate the morphological characteristics of skull base in children with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) by three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement of skull base.Methods:Three-dimensional spiral CT data of HFM children with unilateral involvement who had not received any treatment from the First Center of Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from February 2010 to December 2020 were collected. The patients were divided into four groups according to the Pruzansky-Kaban classification standard: Ⅰ, Ⅱa, Ⅱb and Ⅲ. The three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement of the skull base were performed using Mimics 17.0 software. Linear measurements of the skull base included the distance from tuberculum sellae to optic canal (OT), foramen rotundum (FrT), foramen ovale (FT), internal acoustic meatus (IT), hypoglossal canal (HT), and the distance from anterior clinoid process to the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone (ClS) and the petrous ridge of the temporal bone (ClP). The measurement indexes of skull base angle included anterior cranial angle (ACA), middle cranial angle (MCA), posterior cranial angle (PCA), and petrous ridge angle (PRA). SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the measurement result. Paired t-test was used for comparison within each group, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparison between different types. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results:A total of 40 children with HFM were collected, with 10 cases in each group. The result of skull base angle measurement showed that the MCA of the healthy side of typeⅠHFM was significantly larger than that of the affected side, and the MCA and PRA of the healthy side of type Ⅲ HFM were larger than those of the affected side ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the angle of skull base between the healthy side and the affected side of typeⅡa andⅡb HFM ( P>0.05). In terms of linear distance measurement of skull base, FrT and HT on the healthy side of typeⅠHFM were longer than those on the affected side; FrT, IT, HT and ClP on the healthy side of typeⅡa HFM were significantly longer than those on the affected side; IT, HT and ClP on the healthy side of typeⅡb HFM were longer than those on the affected side; and HT on the healthy side of type Ⅲ HFM was longer than those on the affected side ( P<0.05). The difference between FrT and ClP (affected / healthy) of four types of HFM was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The morphology of HFM is different between the affected side and the healthy side. As for the angle of skull base, MCA was obvious smaller in the affected side than that in the healthy side in the type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ HFM. As for the linear measurement, the distance from the hypoglossal canal to the tuberculum sellae on the affected side is shorter than that on the healthy side in each type HFM, indicating that the growth and development of the cranial base on the affected side is affected in a certain degree.

Objective:To investigate the morphological characteristics of skull base in children with hemifacial microsomia (HFM) by three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement of skull base.Methods:Three-dimensional spiral CT data of HFM children with unilateral involvement who had not received any treatment from the First Center of Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from February 2010 to December 2020 were collected. The patients were divided into four groups according to the Pruzansky-Kaban classification standard: Ⅰ, Ⅱa, Ⅱb and Ⅲ. The three-dimensional reconstruction and measurement of the skull base were performed using Mimics 17.0 software. Linear measurements of the skull base included the distance from tuberculum sellae to optic canal (OT), foramen rotundum (FrT), foramen ovale (FT), internal acoustic meatus (IT), hypoglossal canal (HT), and the distance from anterior clinoid process to the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone (ClS) and the petrous ridge of the temporal bone (ClP). The measurement indexes of skull base angle included anterior cranial angle (ACA), middle cranial angle (MCA), posterior cranial angle (PCA), and petrous ridge angle (PRA). SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the measurement result. Paired t-test was used for comparison within each group, and one-way ANOVA was used for comparison between different types. P<0.05 was statistically significant. Results:A total of 40 children with HFM were collected, with 10 cases in each group. The result of skull base angle measurement showed that the MCA of the healthy side of typeⅠHFM was significantly larger than that of the affected side, and the MCA and PRA of the healthy side of type Ⅲ HFM were larger than those of the affected side ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the angle of skull base between the healthy side and the affected side of typeⅡa andⅡb HFM ( P>0.05). In terms of linear distance measurement of skull base, FrT and HT on the healthy side of typeⅠHFM were longer than those on the affected side; FrT, IT, HT and ClP on the healthy side of typeⅡa HFM were significantly longer than those on the affected side; IT, HT and ClP on the healthy side of typeⅡb HFM were longer than those on the affected side; and HT on the healthy side of type Ⅲ HFM was longer than those on the affected side ( P<0.05). The difference between FrT and ClP (affected / healthy) of four types of HFM was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The morphology of HFM is different between the affected side and the healthy side. As for the angle of skull base, MCA was obvious smaller in the affected side than that in the healthy side in the type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ HFM. As for the linear measurement, the distance from the hypoglossal canal to the tuberculum sellae on the affected side is shorter than that on the healthy side in each type HFM, indicating that the growth and development of the cranial base on the affected side is affected in a certain degree.

Objective:To enhance the capabilities of individual monitoring technology services for external exposure.Methods:The intercomparison results of the national individual monitoring for external exposure during 2015-2019 were presented, together with a summary and analysis provided of the main existing problems.Results:By 2019, 382 of individual monitoring technology service uints, from 30 provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities, participated in the individual monitoring intercomparisons results, involving disease control and prevention centers, occupational prevention and control institutions, research institutes, universities, nuclear industry, medical institutions, and companies. Except for slightly low in 2017, the pass rate in the other four years was above 90%. The excellence rate increased with the years.Conclusions:The capabilities of individual monitoring service units can meet the concerned requirements and provide standardized monitoring report for the period of 2015 to 2019, but with some being unqualified. These service units should carefully analyze and identify the reasons for the failure, standardize the quality control of laboratory, and improve the level of measurement and the ability of data analysis.