OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of the active ingredient compatibility（quercetin， quercitrin and kaempferol at a mass ratio of 2∶9∶3）of Dimocarpus longan Lour. leaves（abbreviated as CDL） on ameliorating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） rats. METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group， model group， metformin hydrochloride group （100 mg/kg）， and CDL high-， medium- and low-dose groups （280， 140， 75 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the blank control group were fed with standard chow， while rats in the other groups were given high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish the T2DM rat model. After successful modeling， rats in each administration group were given corresponding drug solution， and rats in the blank control group and model group were intragastrically administered with equal volume of pure water， once a day， for consecutive 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose （FBG） was detected at fixed time every week. The curves of oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test （IPITT） were plotted， and the area under curve （AUC） was calculated. The pancreatic islet function indexes [fasting insulin （FINS）， homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）， insulin sensitivity index （ISI）]，blood lipid indexes [total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）] and hepatic glycogen content were determined. The pathological morphological changes of liver and pancreatic tissues were observed. The protein and mRNA expression levels of molecules related to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway in liver tissues were detected. RESULTS Compared with the blank control group， the FBG， AUC of IPITT curve， AUC of OGTT curve， HOMA-IR， the levels of FINS， TC， TG and LDL-C， as well as the protein and mRNA expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog， forkhead box protein O1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β in liver tissues were significantly increased in the model group （ P ＜0.05）. ISI， the levels of HDL-C and hepatic glycogen content， along with the protein and mRNA expression of PI3K， insulin receptor substrate-1， Akt and protein expression of phosphorylated Akt in liver tissues were markedly decreased （ P ＜0.05）. In model group rats， the arrangement of hepatocytes was irregular， the overall structure of pancreatic lobules was disordered， and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration was observed. Compared with the model group， most of the above quantitative indexes were significantly reversed in the CDL high-dose group （ P ＜0.05）， and the pathological lesions of liver and pancreas were obviously alleviated. CONCLUSIONS CDL can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism disorders， elevate insulin sensitivity and relieve insulin resistance in T2DM rats. Its mechanism may be related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of the active ingredient compatibility（quercetin， quercitrin and kaempferol at a mass ratio of 2∶9∶3）of Dimocarpus longan Lour. leaves（abbreviated as CDL） on ameliorating glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） rats. METHODS SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group， model group， metformin hydrochloride group （100 mg/kg）， and CDL high-， medium- and low-dose groups （280， 140， 75 mg/kg）， with 10 rats in each group. Rats in the blank control group were fed with standard chow， while rats in the other groups were given high-sugar and high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish the T2DM rat model. After successful modeling， rats in each administration group were given corresponding drug solution， and rats in the blank control group and model group were intragastrically administered with equal volume of pure water， once a day， for consecutive 4 weeks. Fasting blood glucose （FBG） was detected at fixed time every week. The curves of oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test （IPITT） were plotted， and the area under curve （AUC） was calculated. The pancreatic islet function indexes [fasting insulin （FINS）， homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance （HOMA-IR）， insulin sensitivity index （ISI）]，blood lipid indexes [total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）] and hepatic glycogen content were determined. The pathological morphological changes of liver and pancreatic tissues were observed. The protein and mRNA expression levels of molecules related to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway in liver tissues were detected. RESULTS Compared with the blank control group， the FBG， AUC of IPITT curve， AUC of OGTT curve， HOMA-IR， the levels of FINS， TC， TG and LDL-C， as well as the protein and mRNA expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog， forkhead box protein O1 and glycogen synthase kinase-3β in liver tissues were significantly increased in the model group （ P ＜0.05）. ISI， the levels of HDL-C and hepatic glycogen content， along with the protein and mRNA expression of PI3K， insulin receptor substrate-1， Akt and protein expression of phosphorylated Akt in liver tissues were markedly decreased （ P ＜0.05）. In model group rats， the arrangement of hepatocytes was irregular， the overall structure of pancreatic lobules was disordered， and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration was observed. Compared with the model group， most of the above quantitative indexes were significantly reversed in the CDL high-dose group （ P ＜0.05）， and the pathological lesions of liver and pancreas were obviously alleviated. CONCLUSIONS CDL can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism disorders， elevate insulin sensitivity and relieve insulin resistance in T2DM rats. Its mechanism may be related to the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

The study aims to explore the methods for preparing nanocomplexes of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) with UNO peptide (UNO-PBNPs) and the functions of the nanocomplexes targeting M2-type macrophages in vitro. PBNPs were prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method. Subsequently, the peptide UNO (CSPGAKVRC) targeting the mannose receptor was modified on their surface by a heterobifunctional coupling approach. The morphological characteristics of nanoparticles were observed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, their particle size, Zeta potential, and dispersion stability were assessed. The structural characteristics of nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and other techniques. The biological safety of the nanoparticles was evaluated by the CCK-8 assay and hemolysis experiments. Moreover, the targeting performance of UNO-PBNPs towards M2-type macrophages was assessed in vitro. The results showed that the synthesized UNO-PBNPs exhibited uniform cubic morphology, with an average particle size of (202.00±4.21) nm. They were negative charged, well dispersed, and stable. At concentrations ≤ 200 μg/mL, the synthesized UNO-PBNPs led to the hemolysis rate below 5%, demonstrating excellent biocompatibility. The laser confocal imaging results showed that after co-incubation with M2-type macrophages, the FITC-labeled UNO-PBNPs were effectively accumulated in the cells, presenting a distinct fluorescence signal. Quantitative analysis by flow cytometry showed that the intracellular mean fluorescence intensity (6 019.00±346.04) of UNO-PBNPs was higher than that (4 054.00±379.14) of unmodified PBNPs (P < 0.001). In summary, the UNO-PBNPs prepared in this study exhibited a targeting effect on M2-type macrophages, providing a potential method for targeted delivery of PBNPs in the tumor microenvironment and laying a foundation for the remodeling of the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Ferrocyanides/chemistry* ; Nanoparticles/chemistry* ; Macrophages/drug effects* ; Peptides/chemistry* ; Particle Size ; Animals ; Mannose Receptor ; Mice ; Lectins, C-Type ; Mannose-Binding Lectins ; Receptors, Cell Surface

The synthetic PDCoV N protein gene was optimized and cloned into the pET-30a vector to obtain the pET-30a-N plasmid.Thenthe recombinant plasmid was transformed into three strains of BL21 E.coli using heat-shock to explore protein expression conditions.The expressed proteins was purified using Ni Focurose 6FF(IMAC)and used as antigen to immunize the New Zealand White rabbit to prepare the polyclonal antibody against the PDCoV N protein.The antibody titer was measured by indirect ELISA method.The specificity for the antibody was identified by West-ern blot and indirect immunofluorescence(IFA).The results showed that the pET-30a-N plasmid showed high expression level in BL21 StarTM(DE 3).The optimal expression condition was 37 ℃ 4 h.The purity of the target protein could reach 90.3％after purification.Indirect ELISA showed that the antibody titers was up to 1∶204 800.Western blot and IFA showed that the produced rabbit polyclonal antibody exhibited good specificity.In conclusion,the polyclonal antibody was prepared which specifically recognized the PDCoV N proteins.The results provided some references for the subsequent exploration of PDCoV N protein function and laid a foundation for establishing a diag-nostic method for PDCoV.

Objective To assess the global and Chinese disease burden of early-onset lung cancer(di-agnosed in patients aged 15-49 years)and its major risk factors.Methods Based on the GLOBOCAN 2022 and Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 datasets,we evaluated the disease burden and associated risk fac-tors of early-onset lung cancer globally and in China,stratified by age,sex,geographic location,and human development index(HDI).Key indicators included age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and disability adjusted life years(DALYs)attributable to risk factors.Results In 2022,there were 137 705 new cases and 72 646 deaths from early-onset lung cancer globally,with ASIR and ASMR of 3.43 per 100 000 and 1.82 per 100 000 population,respectively.The disease burden was higher in males than in females(ASIR:3.72 per 100 000 vs.3.14 per 100 000;ASMR:2.31 per 100 000 vs.1.33 per 100 000).High-HDI regions exhibited the highest ASIR(5.51 per 100 000)and ASMR(2.57 per 100 000),with health inequality analysis revealing a concentration of disease burden in higher-HDI areas.China bore the heaviest burden,accounting for 48.69%of global new cases and 35.77%of deaths.China's ASIR(8.21 per 100 000)and ASMR(3.17 per 100 000)exceeded global averages,with incidence higher in fe-males(8.78 per 100 000 vs.7.67 per 100 000)but mortality higher in males(4.01 per 100 000 vs.2.29 per 100 000).Smoking and ambient particulate matter pollution were the leading risk factors globally(DALYs contribution:42.01%and15.62%)and in China(DALYs contribution:46.78%and 20.84%).Globally,household air pollution ranked third,whereas in China,secondhand smoke replaced it as the third leading risk factor,with household air pollution dropping to fifth.Risk factor profiles varied significantly across age groups,with modifiable risks contributing less to disease burden in the 15-24 age group.Conclusions The burden of early-onset lung cancer varies markedly by sex,region,and HDI,with China facing a disproportionately high burden.Policymakers should prioritize equitable resource allocation and targeted interventions,particularly in tobacco control and air pollution mitigation,to enhance cancer prevention and control efforts.

Objective: To explore the current status and influencing factors of eating behaviors in adolescents, so as to provide a theoretical foundation for health promotion education among adolescents. Methods: Based on the database from Survey of Chinese Family Health Index (2021), by a random number table method, 1 065 teenagers were selected from the provincial capitals of 22 provinces and 5 autonomous regions in China, as well as 4 municipalities directly under the central government. A general characteristic questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Short Form of the Family Health Scale (FHS-SF), 10-item Short Version of the Big Five Personality(BFP-10), Content-based Media Exposure Scale (CM-E) and Sakata Eating Behavior Scale Short Form(EBS-SF) were used to collect information. Multivariate stepwise linear regression analysis was employed to identify and analyze related factors of eating behaviors among adolescents. Receiver operating characteristic was used to validate the predictive ability of the EBS-SF score for overweight and obesity among adolescents. Results: The average scores of BFI-10,C-ME, FHS-SF, PHQ-9 and EBS-SF were (33.08±4.64)(19.20±4.55)(38.48±6.65)(6.09±5.63)(16.75±4.36), respectively. Multivariate linear regression showed that family type (other types), agreeableness, conscientiousness, family health and depression were the main related factors of EBS-SF scores among adolescents( B =2.61,-0.42,0.20,-0.11,0.23, P <0.05).The analysis of receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the EBS-SF scores had a good ability in predicting obesity among male adolescents ( AUC= 0.73, P <0.01). Conclusions Family type, big five personality, family health,depression are the related factors of eating behaviors among adolescents. EBS-SF scores are predictive of obesity in adolescents, which would provide a new perspective for promoting healthy eating habits among adolescents.

This report evaluates the preliminary outcomes of a "six-in-one" integrated cough and asthma center developed under a dual-contract physician model at the Changfeng Community Health Service Center in Putuo District, Shanghai. By combining the efforts of family doctors and medical specialists, the center integrated six core functions-clinical treatment, prevention, nursing, rehabilitation, pharmacy, and nutrition-into a seamless management system covering screening, diagnosis, therapy, and follow-up. Supported by specialist guidance and teaching clinics, the model significantly enhanced comprehensive respiratory disease management capabilities within the community setting. The initiative not only improved patient health outcomes but also strengthened multidisciplinary collaboration and resource efficiency, offering a replicable example for improving chronic disease management in primary care through integrated and coordinated service delivery.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of the venous thromboembolism(VTE)digital risk prevention and control platform based on whole-process closed-loop management for the quality management of VTE in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital.Methods The data of 360 718 hospitalized patients from 2021 to 2024 were collected to analyze the rate of VTE risk assessment,the proportion of VTE intermediate and high-risk patients,the rate of VTE prophylaxis implementation(physical/pharmacological),and the VTE outcome indexes,and the differences between groups were verified using the Cochran-Armitage χ2 trend test.Results The VTE initial risk assessment rate,the implementation rate of VTE physical prophylaxis,and the rate of VTE pharmacological prophylaxis all showed an upward trend;the incidence rate of hospital correlated VTE,and the incidence rate of VTE in hospitalized surgical patients all showed a downward trend.Conclusion The establishment of the VTE digital risk prevention and control intelligent platform can effectively improve the level of standardized prevention and treatment of in-hospital VTE and the efficacy of quality management,and provide a digital management paradigm for the implementation of the national healthcare quality and safety improvement goals and the monitoring indicators of surgical quality and safety improvement actions.

Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)is closely associated with short-term and long-term adverse outcomes for both mothers and fetuses.In recent years,with the global prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)constantly rising,there is a significant increase in GDM incidence,with notable regional variations.Current challenges in GDM management include insufficient early screening or diagnosis,limited personalized intervention strategies,and poor adherence to long-term follow-up.Key research priorities for the future include optimizing screening methods for high-risk populations,enhancing targeted lifestyle interventions,and establishing effective follow-up and long-term health management systems.In December 2024,the American Diabetes Association(ADA)released the Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025(hereafter referred to as ADA[2025]),providing updated perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus,as well as an overview of the definition,screening and diagnostic criteria,and management strategies for GDM.Based on ADA(2025)and the circumstances of clinical practice in China,we summarized the latest advancements in GDM research,aiming to improve comprehensive management strategies to prevent,delay,and improve adverse outcomes associated with GDM.

Objective To assess the global and Chinese disease burden of early-onset lung cancer(di-agnosed in patients aged 15-49 years)and its major risk factors.Methods Based on the GLOBOCAN 2022 and Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 datasets,we evaluated the disease burden and associated risk fac-tors of early-onset lung cancer globally and in China,stratified by age,sex,geographic location,and human development index(HDI).Key indicators included age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR),age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR),and disability adjusted life years(DALYs)attributable to risk factors.Results In 2022,there were 137 705 new cases and 72 646 deaths from early-onset lung cancer globally,with ASIR and ASMR of 3.43 per 100 000 and 1.82 per 100 000 population,respectively.The disease burden was higher in males than in females(ASIR:3.72 per 100 000 vs.3.14 per 100 000;ASMR:2.31 per 100 000 vs.1.33 per 100 000).High-HDI regions exhibited the highest ASIR(5.51 per 100 000)and ASMR(2.57 per 100 000),with health inequality analysis revealing a concentration of disease burden in higher-HDI areas.China bore the heaviest burden,accounting for 48.69%of global new cases and 35.77%of deaths.China's ASIR(8.21 per 100 000)and ASMR(3.17 per 100 000)exceeded global averages,with incidence higher in fe-males(8.78 per 100 000 vs.7.67 per 100 000)but mortality higher in males(4.01 per 100 000 vs.2.29 per 100 000).Smoking and ambient particulate matter pollution were the leading risk factors globally(DALYs contribution:42.01%and15.62%)and in China(DALYs contribution:46.78%and 20.84%).Globally,household air pollution ranked third,whereas in China,secondhand smoke replaced it as the third leading risk factor,with household air pollution dropping to fifth.Risk factor profiles varied significantly across age groups,with modifiable risks contributing less to disease burden in the 15-24 age group.Conclusions The burden of early-onset lung cancer varies markedly by sex,region,and HDI,with China facing a disproportionately high burden.Policymakers should prioritize equitable resource allocation and targeted interventions,particularly in tobacco control and air pollution mitigation,to enhance cancer prevention and control efforts.