ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Banxia Xiexin Tang （BXT） regulates the advanced glycation end products （AGE）/receptor for advanced glycation end products （RAGE） signaling pathway to reduce neuroinflammatory responses and ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in the rat model of vascular dementia （VD）. MethodsThe components of BXT were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole -orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS）， and the core components and key action pathways were screened out by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Sixty SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly allocated into the sham and modeling groups by the random number table method. The VD model was replicated by the modified bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries （2-VO） method. The successfully modeled rats were randomly allocated into the model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （3.748 5， 7.497， 14.994 g·kg^-1） BXT （BXT-L， BXT-M， and BXT-H）， and nimodipine （NMP， 0.002 7 g·kg^-1） groups according to the random number table method. The rats in the drug intervention groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage， and the sham and model groups received the same amount of normal saline for 14 consecutive days. The Morris water maze， Y-maze， and new object recognition experiments were conducted to evaluate the cognitive dysfunction of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to evaluate the histopathological changes of the hippocampal tissue in rats. The mRNA levels of AGE， RAGE， and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （p-NF-κB p65） in the hippocampal tissue of rats were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The expression of related proteins in the AGE/RAGE pathway in the hippocampal tissue of rats was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry （IHC）. The levels of neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators in the rat serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultsThe chemical components of BXT were detected by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS. Network pharmacology and molecular docking identified the AGE/RAGE pathway as the key pathway. The results of the water maze， Y maze， and novel object recognition tests showed that compared with the sham group， the model group demonstrated prolonged successful latency and decreases in number of platform crossings， alternation rate， number of entries into the new arm， preference index， and discrimination index （P0.01）. Compared with the model group， the BXT-H and BXT-M groups showed shortened successful latency （P0.01） and increases in number of platform crossings （P0.05）， alternation rate （P0.01）， number of entries into the new arm （P0.05）， preference index （P0.01）， and discrimination index （P0.01）. HE results showed that compared with the sham group， the cells of model rats were loosely and disorderly arranged， and the nuclei were condensed. Compared with the model group， the pathological changes of the hippocampus in the BXT group were mitigated. Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group presented up-regulated mRNA levels of AGE， RAGE， and p-NF-κB p65 in the hippocampus （P0.01）， and compared with the model group， the BXT-H and BXT-M groups showcased down-regulated mRNA levels of AGE， RAGE， and p-NF-κB p65 （P0.01）. Western blot results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group presented up-regulated expression of AGE， RAGE， p-NF-κB p65， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） （P0.05）， and compared with the model group， the BXT-H group presented down-regulated expression of AGE， RAGE， p-NF-κB p65， and TNF-α （P0.05）. IHC results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group had increased expression of RAGE （P0.01）， and compared with the model group， the BXT-H and BXT-M groups had reduced expression of RAGE （P0.01）. ELISA results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group exhibited elevated levels of TNF-α and Interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and declined levels of acetylcholine （ACh） and dopamine （DA） in the serum （P0.01）. Compared with the model group， the BXT-L， BXT-M， and BXT-H groups showed lowered levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum （P0.05） and elevated levels of ACh and DA （P0.05）. ConclusionBXT may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in the rat model of VD by down-regulating the AGE/RAGE signaling pathway， reducing neuroinflammatory responses， and regulating neurotransmitter levels.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Yizhi Qingxin prescription improves mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease （AD） through regulating mitochondrial Ca²⁺ homeostasis and kinetic balance based on the protein kinase A （PKA）/calcineurin （CaN） signaling pathway. MethodsSixty three-month-old amyloid precursor protein （APP）/presenilin 1 （PS1） double transgenic mice were randomly divided into a model group， a donepezil group（0.65 mg·kg^-1）， a low-dose Yizhi Qingxin prescription group （YQF-L，2.6 g·kg^-1）， a medium-dose Yizhi Qingxin prescription group （YQF-M，5.2 g·kg^-1）， and a high-dose Yizhi Qingxin prescription group （YQF-H，10.4 g·kg^-1）， with 12 mice in each group. Twelve C57BL/6J mice with the same genetic background served as a normal group. Each treatment group received gavage administration daily， with the model and normal groups receiving equal volume of physiological saline. Intervention continued for 12 consecutive weeks. The learning and memory abilities of the mice were assessed using the novel object recognition （NOR） and Morris water maze （MWM） tests. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE）/Nissl staining was used to observe histopathological changes in the hippocampus. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was used to observe mitochondrial ultrastructure. Fluo-4 acetoxymethyl ester （Fluo-4 AM） Ca²⁺ probe was used to measure intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration in brain tissue. Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of PKA， CaN， sodium/calcium/lithium exchanger （NCLX）， mitochondrial calcium uniporter （MCU）， calmodulin （CaM）， dynamin-related protein 1 （Drp1）， and phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 （serine 637 site） ［p-Drp1（S637）］ in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to measure the expression of PKA， CaN， CaM， NCLX， MCU， and Drp1 mRNAs. ResultsCompared with those in the normal group， the recognition index （RI） of the model group decreased （P0.01）， and the number of crossings through the original platform area， the duration of stay in the target quadrant， and the distance were reduced （P0.01）. The protein expression of PKA， NCLX， and p-DRP1 （ser637） significantly decreased （P0.05）， and the mRNA expression of PKA and NCLX significantly decreased （P0.05）. The escape latency （EL） was prolonged （P0.05）， and the intracellular Ca²⁺ level significantly increased （P0.01）. The protein expression of CaN， CaM， MCU， and Drp1， as well as the mRNA expression of CaN， MCU， and Drp1， significantly increased （P0.05）. After intervention with Donepezil and Yizhi Qingxin prescription， compared with that in the model group， the RI of the treatment group significantly increased （P0.05）， and the number of crossings through the platform and the duration of stay in the target quadrant significantly increased （P0.05）. The protein expression of PKA， NCLX， and p-Drp1 （ser637） and the mRNA expression of PKA and NCLX significantly increased （P0.05）. On the 4th and 5th days， the EL was shortened （P0.05）， and the intracellular Ca²⁺ level decreased （P0.05）. The protein expression of CaN， CaM， MCU， and Drp1 and the mRNA expression of CaN， MCU， and Drp1 significantly decreased （P0.05）. ConclusionYizhi Qingxin prescription regulates the PKA/CaN pathway， upregulates the expression of PKA， NCLX， and p-Drp1 （ser637） proteins， reduces the expression of CaN， CaM， MCU， and Drp1 proteins， and regulates Ca²⁺ homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamic balance， thereby enhancing the spatial learning and memory abilities of AD mice.

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep， sleep maintenance disorder and impaired daytime function. Its pathological mechanism involves multiple factors such as nerve excitability， circadian rhythm， cell apoptosis， oxidative stress injury. As a classical tyrosine kinase signaling pathway， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B（PI3K/Akt） triggers Akt phosphorylation cascade， inducing inflammatory response， apoptosis， autophagy， oxidative damage， nerve excitability， and circadian rhythm imbalance. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） can improve sleep by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway. Based on this， this paper systematically reviews the research progress on the regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway by traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） for insomnia at home and abroad. These drugs can regulate neuronal excitability by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway， affect the circadian rhythm， alleviate inflammation， apoptosis， autophagy and oxidative stress， and thus regulate sleep-wake. Furthermore， literature review indicates that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may represent a specific pathway underlying phlegm-turbidity disturbing the upper Jiao-type insomnia.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Banxia Xiexin Tang （BXT） regulates the advanced glycation end products （AGE）/receptor for advanced glycation end products （RAGE） signaling pathway to reduce neuroinflammatory responses and ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in the rat model of vascular dementia （VD）. MethodsThe components of BXT were detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole -orbitrap-tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS）， and the core components and key action pathways were screened out by network pharmacology and molecular docking. Sixty SPF-grade male SD rats were randomly allocated into the sham and modeling groups by the random number table method. The VD model was replicated by the modified bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries （2-VO） method. The successfully modeled rats were randomly allocated into the model， low-， medium-， and high-dose （3.748 5， 7.497， 14.994 g·kg^-1） BXT （BXT-L， BXT-M， and BXT-H）， and nimodipine （NMP， 0.002 7 g·kg^-1） groups according to the random number table method. The rats in the drug intervention groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage， and the sham and model groups received the same amount of normal saline for 14 consecutive days. The Morris water maze， Y-maze， and new object recognition experiments were conducted to evaluate the cognitive dysfunction of rats. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to evaluate the histopathological changes of the hippocampal tissue in rats. The mRNA levels of AGE， RAGE， and phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （p-NF-κB p65） in the hippocampal tissue of rats were determined by Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. The expression of related proteins in the AGE/RAGE pathway in the hippocampal tissue of rats was determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry （IHC）. The levels of neurotransmitters and inflammatory mediators in the rat serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. ResultsThe chemical components of BXT were detected by UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS. Network pharmacology and molecular docking identified the AGE/RAGE pathway as the key pathway. The results of the water maze， Y maze， and novel object recognition tests showed that compared with the sham group， the model group demonstrated prolonged successful latency and decreases in number of platform crossings， alternation rate， number of entries into the new arm， preference index， and discrimination index （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the BXT-H and BXT-M groups showed shortened successful latency （P<0.01） and increases in number of platform crossings （P<0.05）， alternation rate （P<0.01）， number of entries into the new arm （P<0.05）， preference index （P<0.01）， and discrimination index （P<0.01）. HE results showed that compared with the sham group， the cells of model rats were loosely and disorderly arranged， and the nuclei were condensed. Compared with the model group， the pathological changes of the hippocampus in the BXT group were mitigated. Real-time PCR results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group presented up-regulated mRNA levels of AGE， RAGE， and p-NF-κB p65 in the hippocampus （P<0.01）， and compared with the model group， the BXT-H and BXT-M groups showcased down-regulated mRNA levels of AGE， RAGE， and p-NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）. Western blot results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group presented up-regulated expression of AGE， RAGE， p-NF-κB p65， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） （P<0.05）， and compared with the model group， the BXT-H group presented down-regulated expression of AGE， RAGE， p-NF-κB p65， and TNF-α （P<0.05）. IHC results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group had increased expression of RAGE （P<0.01）， and compared with the model group， the BXT-H and BXT-M groups had reduced expression of RAGE （P<0.01）. ELISA results showed that compared with the sham group， the model group exhibited elevated levels of TNF-α and Interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and declined levels of acetylcholine （ACh） and dopamine （DA） in the serum （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the BXT-L， BXT-M， and BXT-H groups showed lowered levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum （P<0.05） and elevated levels of ACh and DA （P<0.05）. ConclusionBXT may ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in the rat model of VD by down-regulating the AGE/RAGE signaling pathway， reducing neuroinflammatory responses， and regulating neurotransmitter levels.

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism by which Yizhi Qingxin prescription improves mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease （AD） through regulating mitochondrial Ca²⁺ homeostasis and kinetic balance based on the protein kinase A （PKA）/calcineurin （CaN） signaling pathway. MethodsSixty three-month-old amyloid precursor protein （APP）/presenilin 1 （PS1） double transgenic mice were randomly divided into a model group， a donepezil group（0.65 mg·kg^-1）， a low-dose Yizhi Qingxin prescription group （YQF-L，2.6 g·kg^-1）， a medium-dose Yizhi Qingxin prescription group （YQF-M，5.2 g·kg^-1）， and a high-dose Yizhi Qingxin prescription group （YQF-H，10.4 g·kg^-1）， with 12 mice in each group. Twelve C57BL/6J mice with the same genetic background served as a normal group. Each treatment group received gavage administration daily， with the model and normal groups receiving equal volume of physiological saline. Intervention continued for 12 consecutive weeks. The learning and memory abilities of the mice were assessed using the novel object recognition （NOR） and Morris water maze （MWM） tests. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE）/Nissl staining was used to observe histopathological changes in the hippocampus. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was used to observe mitochondrial ultrastructure. Fluo-4 acetoxymethyl ester （Fluo-4 AM） Ca²⁺ probe was used to measure intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration in brain tissue. Western blot was used to determine the protein expression of PKA， CaN， sodium/calcium/lithium exchanger （NCLX）， mitochondrial calcium uniporter （MCU）， calmodulin （CaM）， dynamin-related protein 1 （Drp1）， and phosphorylated dynamin-related protein 1 （serine 637 site） ［p-Drp1（S637）］ in the hippocampus. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to measure the expression of PKA， CaN， CaM， NCLX， MCU， and Drp1 mRNAs. ResultsCompared with those in the normal group， the recognition index （RI） of the model group decreased （P0.01）， and the number of crossings through the original platform area， the duration of stay in the target quadrant， and the distance were reduced （P0.01）. The protein expression of PKA， NCLX， and p-DRP1 （ser637） significantly decreased （P0.05）， and the mRNA expression of PKA and NCLX significantly decreased （P0.05）. The escape latency （EL） was prolonged （P0.05）， and the intracellular Ca²⁺ level significantly increased （P0.01）. The protein expression of CaN， CaM， MCU， and Drp1， as well as the mRNA expression of CaN， MCU， and Drp1， significantly increased （P0.05）. After intervention with Donepezil and Yizhi Qingxin prescription， compared with that in the model group， the RI of the treatment group significantly increased （P0.05）， and the number of crossings through the platform and the duration of stay in the target quadrant significantly increased （P0.05）. The protein expression of PKA， NCLX， and p-Drp1 （ser637） and the mRNA expression of PKA and NCLX significantly increased （P0.05）. On the 4th and 5th days， the EL was shortened （P0.05）， and the intracellular Ca²⁺ level decreased （P0.05）. The protein expression of CaN， CaM， MCU， and Drp1 and the mRNA expression of CaN， MCU， and Drp1 significantly decreased （P0.05）. ConclusionYizhi Qingxin prescription regulates the PKA/CaN pathway， upregulates the expression of PKA， NCLX， and p-Drp1 （ser637） proteins， reduces the expression of CaN， CaM， MCU， and Drp1 proteins， and regulates Ca²⁺ homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamic balance， thereby enhancing the spatial learning and memory abilities of AD mice.

Insomnia is a sleep disorder characterized by difficulty in falling asleep， sleep maintenance disorder and impaired daytime function. Its pathological mechanism involves multiple factors such as nerve excitability， circadian rhythm， cell apoptosis， oxidative stress injury. As a classical tyrosine kinase signaling pathway， phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B（PI3K/Akt） triggers Akt phosphorylation cascade， inducing inflammatory response， apoptosis， autophagy， oxidative damage， nerve excitability， and circadian rhythm imbalance. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） can improve sleep by targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway. Based on this， this paper systematically reviews the research progress on the regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway by traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） for insomnia at home and abroad. These drugs can regulate neuronal excitability by regulating the PI3K/Akt pathway， affect the circadian rhythm， alleviate inflammation， apoptosis， autophagy and oxidative stress， and thus regulate sleep-wake. Furthermore， literature review indicates that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may represent a specific pathway underlying phlegm-turbidity disturbing the upper Jiao-type insomnia.

Objective: To examine the relationship between self-management behaviors and time perspective among patients with comorbid diabetes, so as to provide the evidence for improving self-management behaviors among patients with comorbid diabetes. Methods: The patients with comorbid diabetes who were registered in the chronic disease health management system of Minhang District, Shanghai Municipality in 2021, followed up regularly, and lived in Meilong Town were recruited. Demographic information and family history of diabetes were collected through questionnaire surveys. Time perspective and self-management behaviors were assessed using the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and Diabetes Self-Management Behavior Scale, respectively. The relationship between self-management behaviors and time perspective was analyzed using a multivariable ordinal logistic regression model. Results: A total of 907 patients with comorbid diabetes were enrolled, including 472 males (52.04%) and 435 females (47.96%). There were 652 cases aged 65 years and above, accounting for 71.89%. In terms of the types of time perspective, 280 patients were future-oriented (30.87%), 236 were balanced (26.02%), 162 were sensation-seeking (17.86%), 123 were fatalistic (13.56%), and 106 were negative (11.69%). In terms of the self-management behaviors, 46 patients were good (5.07%), 643 were moderate (70.89%), and 218 were poor (24.04%). Multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, gender, educational level, marital status, occupation status, monthly income, and family history of diabetes, the patients with comorbid diabetes who had a future-oriented time perspective had better self-management behaviors (OR=1.874, 95%CI: 1.204-2.915). Conclusion The self-management behaviors among patients with comorbid diabetes are moderate to poor, and patients with a future-oriented time perspective can better engage in self-management behaviors.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of exercise on anxiety and depression in cancer patients during chemotherapy, as well as the optimal exercise dosage. MethodsA PICO framework was constructed, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of exercise on anxiety and depression in cancer patients during chemotherapy were retrieved from databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang data, from the establishment to November, 2023. The quality of the literature was evaluated with Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Data were synthesized and analyzed using RevMan 5.3, and the risk of bias was evaluated using Stata 18.0. ResultsA total of 13 RCTs involving 1 340 subjects were included. The scores of PEDro scale were five to eight. Exercise interventions significantly improved anxiety (SMD = -0.70, 95%CI -1.18 to -0.22, P = 0.004) and depression (SMD = -0.89, 95%CI -1.43 to -0.34, P = 0.002) compared to the control group. Subgroup analyses showed that, the exercise effect on anxiety was less than 45 minutes a time (SMD = -0.26, 95%CI -0.46 to -0.05, P = 0.01), more than three times a week (SMD = -0.26, 95%CI -0.46 to -0.05, P = 0.01), and less than twelve weeks (SMD = -0.21, 95%CI -0.36 to -0.07, P = 0.005). For depression, it was less than 45 minutes a time (SMD = -0.69, 95%CI -1.29 to -0.08, P = 0.03), more than three times a week (SMD = -0.69, 95%CI -1.29 to -0.08, P = 0.03), and less than twelve weeks (SMD = -0.52, 95%CI -0.92 to -0.13, P = 0.01). Moderate to high-intensity exercise interventions significantly outperformed the control group in improving anxiety (SMD = -0.21, 95%CI -0.37 to -0.06, P = 0.007) and depression (SMD = -0.21, 95%CI -0.41 to -0.01, P = 0.04). ConclusionExercise interventions can effectively improve anxiety and depression in cancer patients during chemotherapy, and it suggests for high-intensity exercise, less than 45 minutes a time, more than three times a week, and less than twelve weeks.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of retention enema with Huangling Jiedu Xiezhuo granules（HJXG） on Nod-like receptor protein 3（NLRP3）， intestinal flora， and short-term prognosis in patients with gout. MethodsA total of 60 patients with gout admitted to the hospital from January 2021 to December 2023 were selected and divided into a control group and an observation group according to the random number table method， with 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with febuxostat， and the observation group was treated with retention enema with HJXG on the basis of the control group. After 14 days of continuous treatment， the clinical efficacy， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， and visual analogue scale （VAS） pain index of the two groups were compared， and serum creatinine（SCr）， blood urea nitrogen（BUN）， uric acid（UA）， cystatin C（CysC）， β₂- microglobulin（β₂-MG）， glomerular filtration rate test（GFR）， creatinine clearance rate （Ccr）， erythrocyte sedimentation rate（ESR）， hypersensitive C-reactive protein，（hs-CRP）， interleukin 6（IL-6）， interleukin-1β（IL-1β）， interleukin-18 （IL-18）， NLRP3 inflammasome levels， and the number of intestinal flora were detected in the two groups. The prognosis of patients was followed up within 12 weeks. COX regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of short-term prognosis. ResultsAfter treatment， TCM syndrome scores and VAS pain index in both groups were reduced （P<0.05）， and TCM syndrome scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group. After treatment， ESR， hs-CRP， IL-6， NLRP3， IL-18， and IL-1β were significantly decreased in both groups （P<0.01）， and the levels of IL-6， ESR， NLRP3， and IL-18 were significantly improved in the observation group compared with the control group （P<0.05）. BUN， SCr， UA， β₂-MG， GFR indexes in both groups were significantly lower after treatment， Ccr indexes in both groups were significantly higher after treatment， and the levels of SCr， UA， CysC， and Ccr in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group （P<0.05）. After treatment， the intestinal flora in both groups was improved， and the observation group was significantly improved compared with the control group in terms of Lactobacillus， Proteus， Bacteroides， and Escherichia coli （P<0.05）. COX regression analysis showed that retention enema with HJXG could reduce the risk of poor short-term prognosis in patients with gout compared with Western medicine alone. ConclusionThe retention enema with HJXG can improve the curative effect of patients with gout， improve the TCM syndromes， reduce inflammation， and enhance renal function， intestinal flora， and short-term prognosis.

BACKGROUND:Parkinson's disease has the main pathological changes in the midbrain,especially in the dense substantia nigra,leading to impaired motor and non-motor function in patients.At present,research is limited by cellular heterogeneity,and its pathogenesis still needs to be further elucidated.In recent years,single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)has gradually been applied in neurodegenerative diseases,which is of great significance for understanding intercellular heterogeneity,disease development mechanisms,and treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of scRNA-seq technology applied to Parkinson's disease in recent years,providing a theoretical basis for the application of scRNA-seq in the treatment and diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. METHODS:The first author used a computer system to search for relevant literature in the CNKI,WanFang,PubMed,and Web of Science databases,with the Chinese search terms"single-cell RNA sequencing,Parkinson's disease,cell heterogeneity,cell subtypes,dopaminergic neurons,glial cells"and English search terms"single-cell RNA seq,Parkinson disease,heterogenicity,subtypes,dopaminergic neurons,glial cells."71 articles were ultimately included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)scRNA-seq is a high-throughput experimental technique that utilizes RNA sequencing at the single-cell level to quantify gene expression profiles in specific cell populations,revealing cellular mysteries at the molecular level.Compared with traditional sequencing techniques,scRNA-seq technology is used to reveal the diversity of cell types and changes in specific gene expression in complex tissues under various physiological and pathological conditions through automatic clustering analysis of cell transcriptome.(2)By using scRNA-seq,the development process of dopaminergic neurons and the unique functional characteristics of various cell subtypes are elucidated,in order to better understand potential therapeutic molecular targets.(3)The use of scRNA-seq analysis has improved our understanding of the response of Parkinson's disease glial cells,enabling us to comprehensively map and characterize different cell type populations,identify specific glial cell subpopulations related to neurodegeneration,and draw valuable single cell maps as reference data for future research.(4)The application of scRNA-seq to detect embryonic mice and stem cells will help improve the in vitro differentiation protocol and quality control of cell therapy,as well as evaluate the overall cell quality and developmental stage of dopaminergic neurons derived from stem cells.