In order to obtain a recombinant fusion protein of porcine β-defensin-2 and interferon αwith broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral activities at the same time,the genes encoding both proteins were fused in series and inserted into the pPICZαA vector.This construct was then elec-trotransferred into Pichia pastoris KM71H cells to construct an engineered strain.Following methanol-induced expression,the recombinant protein was concentrated and isolated.The cytotox-icity of the protein was assessed using the MTT assay and a porcine red blood cell hemolysis test.Subsequently,the in vitro antibacterial and antiviral activities of the recombinant fusion protein were evaluated.The results showed that the engineered strain pPICZαA-PBD2-IFNα-KM71H of Pichia pastoris was successfully obtained,and the fusion protein PBD2-IFN-α was obtained by concentrating and purifying the fermentation broth after fermentation induction and expression.Its concentration was 1.116 g/L and molecular weight was 25 kDa.When the concentration of fusion protein was lower than 4-4 g/L,it had no obvious toxicity to PK-15 cells and porcine red blood cells.The diameter of the inhibition zone produced by the fusion protein on the mixed plate of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was(15.0±0.9)mm,which had obvious antibacterial activity.The antiviral activity of the fusion protein against VSV in PK-15 cells was 8.89 × 105 U/mL measured by Reed-Muench method.This study laid a theoretical foundation for further develo-ping the recombinant fusion protein as an antibacterial and antiviral product.

In order to obtain a recombinant fusion protein of porcine β-defensin-2 and interferon αwith broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral activities at the same time,the genes encoding both proteins were fused in series and inserted into the pPICZαA vector.This construct was then elec-trotransferred into Pichia pastoris KM71H cells to construct an engineered strain.Following methanol-induced expression,the recombinant protein was concentrated and isolated.The cytotox-icity of the protein was assessed using the MTT assay and a porcine red blood cell hemolysis test.Subsequently,the in vitro antibacterial and antiviral activities of the recombinant fusion protein were evaluated.The results showed that the engineered strain pPICZαA-PBD2-IFNα-KM71H of Pichia pastoris was successfully obtained,and the fusion protein PBD2-IFN-α was obtained by concentrating and purifying the fermentation broth after fermentation induction and expression.Its concentration was 1.116 g/L and molecular weight was 25 kDa.When the concentration of fusion protein was lower than 4-4 g/L,it had no obvious toxicity to PK-15 cells and porcine red blood cells.The diameter of the inhibition zone produced by the fusion protein on the mixed plate of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was(15.0±0.9)mm,which had obvious antibacterial activity.The antiviral activity of the fusion protein against VSV in PK-15 cells was 8.89 × 105 U/mL measured by Reed-Muench method.This study laid a theoretical foundation for further develo-ping the recombinant fusion protein as an antibacterial and antiviral product.

【Objective】 To investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic simple prostatectomy (LSP) in the treatment of large volume benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). 【Methods】 Clinical and follow-up data of 30 patients with large volume BPH treated with LSP in our hospital during Feb.2019 and Dec.2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent extraperitoneal LSP operation. The perioperative and 1-12 month postoperative follow-up data were analyzed. 【Results】 The average prostate volume was (92.4±38.9) mL, operation time (125±45) min, and weight of resected prostate (60.25±16.90) g. The hemoglobin decreased by (12.21±7.25) g/d after operation. No blood transfusion was needed. There was no need for bladder irrigation after operation in 21 cases (70%), and 9 cases (30%) had bladder irrigation time of (0.95±0.49) d. The postoperative catheter indwelling time was (6.92±2.51) d, and hospital stay (5.36±1.63) d. During the follow-up of (9.25±5.4) months, there was 1 case of postoperative intestinal obstruction (Clavien-Dindo grade II), 1 case of transient urinary incontinence (Clavien-Dindo grade I), and 1 case of delayed hematuria (Clavien-Dindo grade I). No urethral stricture occurred. The maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), post-void residual urine volume (PVR), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL) 3 months after operation were significantly improved compared with those before operation (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in sexual function before and after operation (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 LSP is safe and effective in the treatment of large volume BPH. It has advantages of complete resection of glands, minor bleeding and short postoperative bladder irrigation time. However, it still needs to be confirmed by a prospective control study of large samples.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent novel type of programmed cell death. The main features of ferroptosis include lipid reactive oxygen accumulation, iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. The main mechanisms and signal pathways of ferroptosis are complex and closely related to cystine/glutamate antiporter system, glutathione peroxidase 4, ferroptosis suppressor protein 1, and dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. This review summarizes the current regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis and discusses the research progress of ferroptosis in tumors, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, Parkinson's disease, and congestive heart failure.

Of the various root canal morphologies in mandibular molars, the middle mesial root canal is located between the mesiobuccal root canal and the mesiolingual root canal. The middle mesial root canal is a partial or completely independent extra root canal. Because of its fine structure, concealment and even calcification of the root canal orifice, it is difficult to completely clean and fill this root canal and it is easily omitted by dentists. The current study reviewed recent progress in terms of the incidence rate, classification, influencing factors, and exploration and preparation techniques of the middle mesial root canal of the human mandibular molar to provide a reference for clinical diagnoses and treatment.