OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of thread-embedding at the combined lower he-sea and front-mu points for functional constipation with intestinal excess heat. METHODS: A total of 80 patients with functional constipation of intestinal excess heat were randomly divided into a thread-embedding group (40 cases, 2 cases dropped out) and a Chinese patent medication group (40 cases, 1 case dropped out). Based on the theory of combined lower he-sea and front-mu points for diseases of fu organs, Zhongwan (CV12), Guanyuan (CV4) and bilateral Zusanli (ST36), Shangjuxu (ST37), Tianshu (ST25), Xiajuxu (ST39) were selected and thread-embedding therapy was delivered in the thread-embedding group, once a week. Maren Runchang pill was given orally in the Chinese patent medication group, 6-12 g each time, twice a day. Both groups were treated for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the scores of constipation assessment scale (CAS), Bristol stool form scale (BSFS), patient-assessment of constipation quality of life (PAC-QOL) and TCM syndrome were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated after treatment in the two groups. RESULTS: After treatment, the CAS scores and the TCM syndrome scores were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05), while the BSFS scores were increased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05) in the two groups; the total scores, as well as the physical discomfort and psychosocial discomfort scores of PAC-QOL were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05) in the two groups, the worry and anxiety, and the satisfaction scores of PAC-QOL were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05) in the thread-embedding group. After treatment, the CAS score, the total score and item-scores of PAC-QOL, as well as the TCM syndrome score in the thread-embedding group were lower than those in the Chinese patent medication group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 78.9% (30/38) in the thread-embedding group, which was higher than 56.4% (22/39) in the Chinese patent medication group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Thread-embedding at the combined lower he-sea and front-mu points can effectively treat functional constipation with intestinal excess heat and improve quality of life.
Humans ; Constipation/physiopathology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult ; Intestines/physiopathology* ; Quality of Life

This consensus will introduce the characteristics of fillers used in the surgical cavities of domestic nasal surgery patients based on relevant literature and expert opinions. It will also provide recommendations for the selection of cavity fillers for different nasal diseases, with chronic sinusitis as a representative example.
Humans ; Nasal Cavity/surgery* ; Nasal Surgical Procedures ; China ; Consensus ; Sinusitis/surgery* ; Dermal Fillers

Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ-OA) is a common disease often accompanied by pain, seriously affecting physical and mental health of patients. Abnormal innervation at the osteochondral junction has been considered as a predominant origin of arthralgia, while the specific mechanism mediating pain remains unclear. To investigate the underlying mechanism of TMJ-OA pain, an abnormal joint loading model was used to induce TMJ-OA pain. We found that during the development of TMJ-OA, the increased innervation of sympathetic nerve of subchondral bone precedes that of sensory nerves. Furthermore, these two types of nerves are spatially closely associated. Additionally, it was discovered that activation of sympathetic neural signals promotes osteoarthritic pain in mice, whereas blocking these signals effectively alleviates pain. In vitro experiments also confirmed that norepinephrine released by sympathetic neurons promotes the activation and axonal growth of sensory neurons. Moreover, we also discovered that through releasing norepinephrine, regional sympathetic nerves of subchondral bone were found to regulate growth and activation of local sensory nerves synergistically with other pain regulators. This study identified the role of regional sympathetic nerves in mediating pain in TMJ-OA. It sheds light on a new mechanism of abnormal innervation at the osteochondral junction and the regional crosstalk between peripheral nerves, providing a potential target for treating TMJ-OA pain.
Animals ; Osteoarthritis/physiopathology* ; Mice ; Sympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology* ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology* ; Arthralgia ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; Disease Models, Animal ; Norepinephrine ; Male ; Temporomandibular Joint/physiopathology* ; Pain Measurement

The transition from adolescent to adult increases the risk of post-operative related complications for adolescent kidney transplant recipients, and inadequate preparation for the transition can lead to low adherence to immunosuppressive medications and low appointment rates. Therefore, improving the quality of transitional care is the key to reduce the complication rate and readmission rate of adolescent kidney transplant recipients. This article elaborates on the concept of the transitional period from adolescence to adulthood in kidney transplant recipients, the timing and influencing factors of transitional care, transitional preparation assessment tools, and intervention measures, aiming to provide reference for the standardized transitional care of adolescent kidney transplant recipients in China in the future.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are conjugated by a linker between an antibody drug targeting a specific antigen and a payload, such as a small cytotoxic drug. ADCs combine the potent killing effect of traditional small cytotoxic drugs with the tumor targeting property of antibody drugs. As of February 2022, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) had approved 12 ADC antitumor agents. Based on the analysis of clinical pharmacology review reports of approved ADC drugs combined with relevant guidelines, it is found that in the development of ADC, in addition to the general research in clinical pharmacology, there are special considerations in dose selection and dose modification for special population due to the special anti-tumor mechanism of ADC. It is hoped that this paper will be enlightening to domestic researchers when developing ADC.

Objective:To investigate the effects of maternal subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) on preschoolers′ behavioral problems.Methods:Based on the Ma′ anshan Birth Cohort, pregnant women who had their first antenatal checkup in Maternal and Child Health Center in Ma′ anshan were recruited from May 2013 to September 2014. Data on demographic, obstetric information, and maternal exposure were collected. Women′s fasting venous blood in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy was collected. The levels of thyroid hormones [thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT 4)] and thyroid autoantibodies [thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb)] in maternal blood were retrospectively detected by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Preschoolers′ behavioral problems were assessed by Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1.5-5). Poisson regression models were adopted to examine the effect of maternal SCH on preschoolers′ internalizing and externalizing problems and the critical period. Results:In this study, the reference of maternal thyroid indexes was established (between 2.5 th and 97.5 th percentile). The reference of TSH in the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy was 0.04-4.90 μIU/mL, 0.75-6.08 μIU/mL, and 0.58-5.59 μIU/mL respectively; and the reference of FT 4 was 13.19-23.27 pmol/L, 9.14-15.32 pmol/L, and 9.53-17.45 pmol/L respectively. In the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy, the prevalence of SCH was found to be 2.0% (25/1 224), 1.6% (19/1 218), and 1.7% (21/1 220), respectively. After adjusting for confounding factors, maternal SCH in the first trimester was associated with the risk of anxiety and depression in preschool children ( OR=3.06, 95% CI 1.05-8.98). Maternal SCH in the second trimester was found to be associated with the risk of overreaction in preschool children ( OR=2.65, 95% CI 1.13-6.21). Conclusions:The establishment of thyroid hormones reference range for pregnant women in Ma′ anshan area is beneficial to the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid diseases during pregnancy in this area. Maternal SCH during pregnancy is associated with increased risk of behavioral problems in preschool children. In the first trimester, maternal SCH was associated with preschoolers′ anxiety and depression, and in the second trimester, maternal SCH was associated with preschoolers′ emotional reactivity.

Objective To investigate the modification effect of atmospheric temperature on outpatient visits caused by O₃ in Linzhi City. Methods The daily outpatient data, the daily O₃ concentration and daily meteorological data (including daily average temperature, average relative humidity, etc.) in Linzhi City from 2018 to 2019 were collected. The distributed lag non-liner-model (DLNM) was used to quantitatively evaluate the impact of O₃ in different temperature layers on the risk of outpatient visits. Results At low temperature layers, the cumulative relative risk (CRR) of total outpatient visits and non-injury outpatient visits increased by 53.8%（4.2% -126.9%) and 59.1%（5.8% -139.2%）for every 10 μg/m³ increase of O₃ concentration, respectively. The subgroup analysis showed that for every 10 μg/m³ increase of O₃ concentration at low temperature, the CRR of patients with circulatory diseases, men, women, and people being <14 years old and 14-65 years old increased by 152.1% (15.1% - 451.9%), 58.3% (2.1%-145.5%), 49.2% (3.0% -116.1%), 39.6% (2.5% - 90.3%), and 61% (0.8%-157.1%), respectively. Conclusion The average temperature may have a modifying effect on the outpatient visits caused by O₃ in Linzhi City. In general, the cumulative risk increases as the temperature decreases.

【Objective】 To identify two ABO discrepancy samples and explore the molecular mechanism. 【Methods】 The serological phenotype of the proband was determined with standard serological methods. ABO genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP). Exon 6 and 7 of the ABO gene were amplified with PCR and sequence-based typing (SBT). The amplicon of exon 6 and 7 was also cloned and sequenced. Pymol software was used to simulate the 3D structural model and predict the effect of GTB protein mutation on the structure. The sample were collected from proband’s father and analyzed. 【Results】 The proband’s erythrocytes were detected with B antigens, along with the presence of anti-B in serum. The genotype O1/B of the proband was identified by PCR-SSP. Direct sequencing of the proband revealed 261delG/G, 297A/G in exon 6 and 526C/G, 646A/T, 657C/T, 681A/G, 703A/G, 771C/T, 796A/C, 803C/G, 829A/G, 905A/G, 930A/G, 1096A/G heterozygote in exon 7, which was assigned as Bx02/O02 genotype. Clone sequencing showed that a 905 A>G mutation in the ABO^*B.01 allele. The 3D structure simulation suggested that Asp302Gly may cause the change of GTB enzyme activity or function. 【Conclusion】 Two cases of Bx02 allele were identified. Combined detection of serological and genotyping methods is important for identification of ABO blood group.

Model informed precision dosing (MIPD) is a new concept to guide precision dosing for individual patient by modeling and simulation based on the available information about the individual patient, medications and the disease. Compared to the empirical dosing, MIPD could improve the efficacy, safety, economics and adherence of the pharmacotherapy according to the individual's pathophysiology, genotyping and disease progression. This consensus report provides a brief account of the concept, methodology and implementation of MIPD as well as clinical decision supporting systems for MIPD. The status and future advancing of MIPD was also discussed to facilitate the appropriate application and development of MIPD in China.

Objective To summarize the MRI manifestations of immunosuppressive drugs associated encephalopathy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in children with aplastic anemia. Methods Fifteen patients with immunosuppressive drugs associated encephalopathy after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for aplastic anemia during January 2014 to October 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 7 males and 8 females, aged from 3 to15 years old, with the median age of 7 years old. Ten cases presented dizziness and headache while other 4 cases presented blurred vision, blind and gaze. Only one case suffered from seizure and loss of consciousness. MRI patterns including distribution, morphology and signal intensity were analyzed after treatment. Follow up MRI were performed after reducing drug dose and symptom remission. The duration of immunosuppressive drugs associated encephalopathy of the 15 cases were 1-14 months, with 6 months in 9 cases. Results Focal lesions were found in 11 cases, in which the deep nuclei were involved in one case and the white matter was involved in 10. Four patients showed both cerebral cortex and white matter lesions, including cerebellum and brainstem invasion in one patient. No corpus callosum lesions were found. Various degree of brain atrophy was found in all patients. Cortical lesions showed swelling and involved subcortical white matter presented as arc shape or strip-like lesions. Patchy patterns were found in deep white matter. Thin layer shaped lesions were found in the periventricular white matter. Small flake-like lesions were found in the brain stem and the cerebellum. The lesions showed hypointensity on T1WI, equal or high signal on T2WI. T2WI FLAIR showed equal or high signal;DWI in the cortex and subcortical white matter lesions showed iso-or high signal, while other lesions were isointense. Eight cases acquired clinical relief in short term without obvious improvement on MRI image. Both clinical symptoms and imaging findings improved in 6 cases. One case showed clinical relief but progression on MRI. Conclusions MRI is an effective way to find immunosuppressive drugs-related encephalopathy in children with aplastic anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. It can help the diagnosis and provide the information for clinical treatment.