Objective:To analyze the differences in routine blood tests and infection markers among elderly AIDS patients with other opportunistic infections, to explore their immune status and inflammatory responses, and to provide new molecular markers for clinical diagnosis.Methods:The study included general indicators, routine blood tests, and infection markers of older HIV patients with other opportunistic infections admitted to Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2024.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 software, with a significance level set at P<0.05. Results:A total of 94 elderly AIDS patients with various opportunistic infections were included in this study.Among them, the majority were co-infected with tuberculosis, accounting for 60 cases(63.83%), followed by 23 cases(24.47%)of AIDS patients co-infected with syphilis.Additionally, there were 7 cases of AIDS co-infected with amoebiasis(7.45%)and 4 cases of AIDS co-infected with monkeypox(4.26%).Almost all cases of combined infections were male, with males comprising 91.3% of AIDS patients co-infected with syphilis and 100% in the other co-infected groups.There were 9 blood routine and infectious markers that exhibited significant differences between patients with HIV co-infected with tuberculosis and those with other opportunistic infections.These markers included lymphocytes(LYM), hemoglobin(HGB), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), C-reactive protein(CRP), procalcitonin(PCT), T lymphocytes, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and the CD4/CD8 ratio( P<0.05).Specifically, the levels of LYM, HGB, T lymphocytes, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and the CD4/CD8 ratio in elderly AIDS patients with tuberculosis were significantly lower than those in patients with other co-infections(all P<0.05).Conversely, the levels of inflammatory factors such as PCT, ESR, and CRP were notably higher in the former group(all P<0.05).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis revealed that when LYM was utilized as an individual indicator for the differential diagnosis between AIDS patients with tuberculosis and those with other opportunistic infections, the area under the curve(AUC)amounted to 0.832.However, the CRP/LYM ratio demonstrated the optimal diagnostic performance in differential diagnosis, with an AUC reaching 0.866. Conclusions:The immune function of elderly AIDS patients is further compromised following co-infection with tuberculosis, which is accompanied by a severe inflammatory response.The CRP/LYM ratio shows promise as a hematological molecular marker for differentiating between AIDS patients with tuberculosis and those with other opportunistic infections.

Objective To detect the content of rheumatoid factor(RF)after RF-CIC dissociation using serum circulating immune complexes(CIC)dissociation technology and evaluate its diagnostic and clinical value in rheumatic arthritis(RA).Methods 55 RA patients diagnosed and treated in the 903rd Hospital of the People's Liberation Army from January 2024 to December 2024 were selected as the RA disease group,and 20 healthy individuals were selected as the control group.In addition,57 non RA pa-tients with symptoms resembling RA[patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),gout,ankylosing spondylitis(AS),osteo-arthritis,etc)]as the non RA disease group.Using CIC dissociation technology,RF content after RF-CIC dissociation was detect-ed in the serum of all three groups of study subjects,and C-reactive protein(CRP)and RF levels in all subjects were detected using a biochemical analyzer.Analyzed and compared the differences in the positive rate and levels of RF-CIC among three groups object of study.In addition,analyze and compare the correlation between RF-CIC and inflammatory index CRP.Results The positive rates of RF-CIC in the serum of RA disease group,non RA disease group,and control group were 87.27%(48/55),10.53%(6/57)and 0.0%(0/20),respectively,and the differences between the three groups was statistically significant(χ2=84.520,P<0.05).Further subgroup analysis showed that the RF-CIC positivity rate in the RF negative subgroup of RA disease patients[61.11%(11/18)]higher than that in the non RA disease group[1.92%(1/52)]and the control group[0%(0/20)],and the differ-ences were statistically significant(χ2=44.493,21.671,all P<0.05).The RF-CIC positivity rate was higher in RF positive pa-tients than in RF negative patients in the RA disease group(100%vs 61.11%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=16.487,P<0.05).The RF-CIC content in the serum of RF positive patients in the RA disease group was higher than that of RF negative patients[16.35(10.53,26.49)vs 3.57(2.53,3.89)],and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-4.243,P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the levels of CRP and RF in the serum of RA patients were positively correlated with the levels of RF-CIC(r=0.490,0.970,all P<0.05).Conclusion RF-CIC demonstrates high positivity even in RF-negative RA patients,and their levels correlate with CRP.RF-CIC shows potential as a serological indicator for early diagnosis and disease activity assess-ment in RA.

Objective:To investigate the effects of a single intravenous injection of low-dose esketamine during cesarean section on postpartum depression in primiparas.Methods:This study is a prospective randomized controlled trial involving 106 primiparas who underwent scheduled intrathecal anesthesia for cesarean section at Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. The participants were randomly assigned to either the control group or the observation group, with 53 women in each group, using a random number table method. Both groups received the same type and method of anesthesia. In the observation group, 5 minutes after the delivery of the fetus and the clamping of the umbilical cord, a low dose of esketamine (0.2 mg/kg, dissolved in 10 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride injection) was administered intravenously. The control group received an equivalent volume of 0.9% sodium chloride injection as a placebo. The score of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at various postpartum time intervals (3, 7, 14, 30, and 42 days), the incidence of postpartum depression, and any adverse drug reactions occurring within 3 days postoperatively were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the score of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for contraction pain was assessed.Results:The scores of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the observation group at 3, 7, 14, 30, and 42 days postpartum were (6.23 ± 1.21), (5.82 ± 1.77), (6.14 ± 1.20), (5.33 ± 1.19), and (6.01 ± 1.23), respectively. These scores were significantly lower than those in the control group [(8.99 ± 1.28), (8.91 ± 2.11), (9.03 ± 1.94), (10.40 ± 2.68), (9.28 ± 1.84), t = 11.40, 8.16, 9.22, 12.58, 10.75, all P < 0.001]. The incidence of postpartum depression in the observation group at 7 and 14 days postpartum was significantly lower than that in the control group [3.77% (2/53) vs. 16.98% (9/53), 3.77% (2/53) vs. 15.09% (8/53), χ2 = 4.97, 3.97, P = 0.026, 0.046]. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions within 3 days postoperatively between the two groups of women who underwent scheduled intrathecal anesthesia for cesarean section [15.09% (8/53) vs. 11.32% (6/53), χ2 = 0.32, P = 0.566]. The scores of the Visual Analog Scale for contraction pain in the observation group at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively were (2.13 ± 0.28), (2.55 ± 0.33), (2.73 ± 0.35), and (3.06 ± 0.37), respectively. These scores were significantly lower than those in the control group [(4.35 ± 0.46), (5.43 ± 0.36), (5.68 ± 0.35), (5.26 ± 0.43), t = 30.01, 42.93, 43.38, 28.23, all P < 0.001]. Conclusions:A single intravenous injection of low-dose esketamine during cesarean section can effectively alleviate emotional distress in primiparas in the short term after surgery, which has significant clinical implications for reducing the incidence of postpartum depression.

Objective To detect the content of rheumatoid factor(RF)after RF-CIC dissociation using serum circulating immune complexes(CIC)dissociation technology and evaluate its diagnostic and clinical value in rheumatic arthritis(RA).Methods 55 RA patients diagnosed and treated in the 903rd Hospital of the People's Liberation Army from January 2024 to December 2024 were selected as the RA disease group,and 20 healthy individuals were selected as the control group.In addition,57 non RA pa-tients with symptoms resembling RA[patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),gout,ankylosing spondylitis(AS),osteo-arthritis,etc)]as the non RA disease group.Using CIC dissociation technology,RF content after RF-CIC dissociation was detect-ed in the serum of all three groups of study subjects,and C-reactive protein(CRP)and RF levels in all subjects were detected using a biochemical analyzer.Analyzed and compared the differences in the positive rate and levels of RF-CIC among three groups object of study.In addition,analyze and compare the correlation between RF-CIC and inflammatory index CRP.Results The positive rates of RF-CIC in the serum of RA disease group,non RA disease group,and control group were 87.27%(48/55),10.53%(6/57)and 0.0%(0/20),respectively,and the differences between the three groups was statistically significant(χ2=84.520,P<0.05).Further subgroup analysis showed that the RF-CIC positivity rate in the RF negative subgroup of RA disease patients[61.11%(11/18)]higher than that in the non RA disease group[1.92%(1/52)]and the control group[0%(0/20)],and the differ-ences were statistically significant(χ2=44.493,21.671,all P<0.05).The RF-CIC positivity rate was higher in RF positive pa-tients than in RF negative patients in the RA disease group(100%vs 61.11%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=16.487,P<0.05).The RF-CIC content in the serum of RF positive patients in the RA disease group was higher than that of RF negative patients[16.35(10.53,26.49)vs 3.57(2.53,3.89)],and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-4.243,P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the levels of CRP and RF in the serum of RA patients were positively correlated with the levels of RF-CIC(r=0.490,0.970,all P<0.05).Conclusion RF-CIC demonstrates high positivity even in RF-negative RA patients,and their levels correlate with CRP.RF-CIC shows potential as a serological indicator for early diagnosis and disease activity assess-ment in RA.

Objective:To investigate the effects of a single intravenous injection of low-dose esketamine during cesarean section on postpartum depression in primiparas.Methods:This study is a prospective randomized controlled trial involving 106 primiparas who underwent scheduled intrathecal anesthesia for cesarean section at Xi'an International Medical Center Hospital from January 2021 to December 2023. The participants were randomly assigned to either the control group or the observation group, with 53 women in each group, using a random number table method. Both groups received the same type and method of anesthesia. In the observation group, 5 minutes after the delivery of the fetus and the clamping of the umbilical cord, a low dose of esketamine (0.2 mg/kg, dissolved in 10 mL of 0.9% sodium chloride injection) was administered intravenously. The control group received an equivalent volume of 0.9% sodium chloride injection as a placebo. The score of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale at various postpartum time intervals (3, 7, 14, 30, and 42 days), the incidence of postpartum depression, and any adverse drug reactions occurring within 3 days postoperatively were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the score of the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for contraction pain was assessed.Results:The scores of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale in the observation group at 3, 7, 14, 30, and 42 days postpartum were (6.23 ± 1.21), (5.82 ± 1.77), (6.14 ± 1.20), (5.33 ± 1.19), and (6.01 ± 1.23), respectively. These scores were significantly lower than those in the control group [(8.99 ± 1.28), (8.91 ± 2.11), (9.03 ± 1.94), (10.40 ± 2.68), (9.28 ± 1.84), t = 11.40, 8.16, 9.22, 12.58, 10.75, all P < 0.001]. The incidence of postpartum depression in the observation group at 7 and 14 days postpartum was significantly lower than that in the control group [3.77% (2/53) vs. 16.98% (9/53), 3.77% (2/53) vs. 15.09% (8/53), χ2 = 4.97, 3.97, P = 0.026, 0.046]. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse drug reactions within 3 days postoperatively between the two groups of women who underwent scheduled intrathecal anesthesia for cesarean section [15.09% (8/53) vs. 11.32% (6/53), χ2 = 0.32, P = 0.566]. The scores of the Visual Analog Scale for contraction pain in the observation group at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively were (2.13 ± 0.28), (2.55 ± 0.33), (2.73 ± 0.35), and (3.06 ± 0.37), respectively. These scores were significantly lower than those in the control group [(4.35 ± 0.46), (5.43 ± 0.36), (5.68 ± 0.35), (5.26 ± 0.43), t = 30.01, 42.93, 43.38, 28.23, all P < 0.001]. Conclusions:A single intravenous injection of low-dose esketamine during cesarean section can effectively alleviate emotional distress in primiparas in the short term after surgery, which has significant clinical implications for reducing the incidence of postpartum depression.

Objective:To analyze the differences in routine blood tests and infection markers among elderly AIDS patients with other opportunistic infections, to explore their immune status and inflammatory responses, and to provide new molecular markers for clinical diagnosis.Methods:The study included general indicators, routine blood tests, and infection markers of older HIV patients with other opportunistic infections admitted to Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2024.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 software, with a significance level set at P<0.05. Results:A total of 94 elderly AIDS patients with various opportunistic infections were included in this study.Among them, the majority were co-infected with tuberculosis, accounting for 60 cases(63.83%), followed by 23 cases(24.47%)of AIDS patients co-infected with syphilis.Additionally, there were 7 cases of AIDS co-infected with amoebiasis(7.45%)and 4 cases of AIDS co-infected with monkeypox(4.26%).Almost all cases of combined infections were male, with males comprising 91.3% of AIDS patients co-infected with syphilis and 100% in the other co-infected groups.There were 9 blood routine and infectious markers that exhibited significant differences between patients with HIV co-infected with tuberculosis and those with other opportunistic infections.These markers included lymphocytes(LYM), hemoglobin(HGB), erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), C-reactive protein(CRP), procalcitonin(PCT), T lymphocytes, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and the CD4/CD8 ratio( P<0.05).Specifically, the levels of LYM, HGB, T lymphocytes, CD4 + T cells, CD8 + T cells, and the CD4/CD8 ratio in elderly AIDS patients with tuberculosis were significantly lower than those in patients with other co-infections(all P<0.05).Conversely, the levels of inflammatory factors such as PCT, ESR, and CRP were notably higher in the former group(all P<0.05).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis revealed that when LYM was utilized as an individual indicator for the differential diagnosis between AIDS patients with tuberculosis and those with other opportunistic infections, the area under the curve(AUC)amounted to 0.832.However, the CRP/LYM ratio demonstrated the optimal diagnostic performance in differential diagnosis, with an AUC reaching 0.866. Conclusions:The immune function of elderly AIDS patients is further compromised following co-infection with tuberculosis, which is accompanied by a severe inflammatory response.The CRP/LYM ratio shows promise as a hematological molecular marker for differentiating between AIDS patients with tuberculosis and those with other opportunistic infections.