Objective:This study aims to investigate the differences in hemostatic efficacy and patient comfort between an innovative domestically produced biodegradable nasal packing sponge and a traditional absorbent sponge following endoscopic nasal surgery. Methods:A prospective, randomized controlled trial design was utilized, including 30 patients who were divided into two groups according to random allocation, each receiving one of the two types of nasal packing. The study assessed the hemostatic efficacy, comfort, and safety of the materials by comparing the rates of no bleeding within 24 hours after packing, re-bleeding rates after 48 hours, pain ratings in the head and nasal areas, scores on a visual analog scale for nasal ocular symptoms, and safety indicators between the two groups. Results:The rates of no bleeding within 24 hours post-packing were 73.33% for both the experimental and control groups, with a no-bleeding rate of 100% after 48 hours in both groups. The pain rating in the head and nasal areas at various times post-packing was Grade Ⅰ（100%） in both groups, with no statistically significant difference（P=1.000）. The experimental groups sneezing score on the day of packing was（0.73±1.03）, lower than the control groups（2.27±1.67）, （P=0.007）; after 48 hours, the experimental groups sneezing score was（0.67±0.98）, also lower than the control groups（1.67±1.18）, （P=0.019）. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the Lund-Kennedy scoring during endoscopic examinations at the screening period, 7 days, 1 month, and 3 months post-packing（P>0.05）. Laboratory tests for other examination indicators were normal in both groups. Conclusion:The innovative domestically produced biodegradable nasal packing sponge not only provides hemostatic efficacy comparable to imported materials but also significantly improves patient comfort after surgery. It represents an economical and effective choice for nasal packing materials.
Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Surgical Sponges ; Endoscopy/methods* ; Male ; Female ; Epistaxis/prevention & control* ; Middle Aged ; Nasal Surgical Procedures/methods* ; Adult

OBJECTIVES: The risk factors and role of mother‒child gut microbiota in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) remain unclear. We aimed to explore the clinical risk factors associated with PIBD, analyze the characteristics of gut microbiota of children and their mothers, and examine the correlation of the microbial composition in mother‒child pairs. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study including children with PIBD and their mothers as the case group, as well as healthy children and their mothers as the control group. Questionnaires were used to collect information such as family illness history and maternal and early-life events. Fecal samples were collected from the children and mothers for microbiota 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing to analyze the composition and its potential association with PIBD. RESULTS: A total of 54 pairs of cases and 122 pairs of controls were recruited. A family history of autoimmune disease and antibiotic use during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of PIBD, and a higher education level of the father was associated with a decreased risk of PIBD. Children with PIBD and mothers exhibited different gut microbiota compared to healthy children and mothers. Similarities were observed in the gut microbiota of mothers and children in the same groups. Some bacterial biomarkers of mothers discovered in this study had the power to predict PIBD in their offspring. CONCLUSIONS PIBD is influenced by maternal risk factors and has unique gut microbiota characteristics. The mother‒child gut microbiota is closely related, suggesting the transmission and influence of the gut microbiota between mothers and children. This study highlights the potential pathogenesis of PIBD and provides a basis for developing targeted interventions.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Case-Control Studies ; Male ; Child ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology* ; Adult ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Feces/microbiology* ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Child, Preschool

BACKGROUND:Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty can effectively treat severe unilateral knee osteoarthritis.It has been found that posterior tibial cortical fracture is prone to occur after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.The fracture begins at the keel groove of tibial osteotomy.The tibial prosthesis riser length affects the biomechanical results of the knee joint after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of tibial prosthesis riser length on knee biomechanics in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,and to find out the relationship between prosthesis riser length and anterior and posterior tibial diameters of patients. METHODS:Computed tomography image data and commonly used unicompartmental prostheses were selected from a 37-year-old healthy female with no history of knee disease.A natural knee joint model was established and a unicompartmental prosthesis model was built.Eight different lengths of tibial prosthesis risers were established,with a minimum length of 31 mm and a maximum length of 34.5 mm in 0.5 mm increments,for comparison with the commonly used hospital prosthesis riser length of 33.2 mm.The material of the femoral component and tibial disc was cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy,and the tibial spacer was ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.The biomechanical changes of the knee joint were observed using finite element analysis software loaded with 1000 N over the femur. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The tibial stress was minimal at a tibial prosthesis riser length of 33 mm;the anterior cruciate ligament stress was minimal;the lateral meniscus stress was minimal,and the femoral prosthesis stress was minimal.The remaining components were less stressful.(2)The subject's medial tibial plateau anterior-posterior diameter length was 53 mm,and by calculating the ratio,the optimal ratio of tibial prosthesis riser length to anterior-posterior tibial diameter should be about 62%.If it is lower than this value,aseptic loosening of the prosthesis may occur,and if it is higher than this value,fracture of the bone cortex at the anterior-posterior end of the tibia may occur.

The transition from adolescent to adult increases the risk of post-operative related complications for adolescent kidney transplant recipients, and inadequate preparation for the transition can lead to low adherence to immunosuppressive medications and low appointment rates. Therefore, improving the quality of transitional care is the key to reduce the complication rate and readmission rate of adolescent kidney transplant recipients. This article elaborates on the concept of the transitional period from adolescence to adulthood in kidney transplant recipients, the timing and influencing factors of transitional care, transitional preparation assessment tools, and intervention measures, aiming to provide reference for the standardized transitional care of adolescent kidney transplant recipients in China in the future.

Objective　To investigate the role of the p75 neurotrophic receptor (p75 NTR) in the cognitive impairment induced by laparotomy surgery of aged mice,and to explore the possible mechanism.Methods　Thirty eighteen-month-old male mice were equally randomized into three groups (n=10):control group,surgery group,surgery+TAT group.Open field test was performed 5 days after the surgery to record the exploration distance and the time in the center.Fear-conditioned training was performed 6 days after the surgery,and fear-conditioned test was performed 7 days after the surgery to record the freezing time.The hippocampus was harvested immediately after the behavioral test.Western blot was applied to detect the levels of p75NTR,BDNF,PSD95,TrkB and pCREB in the hippocampus,immunofluorescence was applied to detect the number of caspase-3 positive cells in the hippocampus,and Golgi staining was applied to observe the changes of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA-1 region.Results　In the open field test,the total distance and the time in the center had no significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05).In the fear conditioning test,compared with control group,the percentage of the contextual conditional freezing time decreased significantly in surgery group (P<0.05),and the expressions of BDNF，PSD95，TrkB and pCREB and the number of dendritic spines in CA-1 were significantly decreased (P<0.05),the expression of p75NTR and the number of caspase-3 positive cells were increased significantly in the surgery group (P<0.05).Compared with the surgery group,the percentage of the contextual conditional freezing time increased significantly in surgery+TAT group,and the expressions of BDNF,PSD95,TrkB,and pCREB and the number of dendritic spines in CA-1 were significantly increased,the number of caspase-3 positive cells were decreased significantly in the surgery+TAT group (P<0.05).Conclusion　Hippocampal p75 NTR plays a key role in the pathophysiology of POCD.

With the increasing cost of drug development and clinical trials, it is of great value to make full use of all kinds of data to improve the efficiency of drug development and to provide valid information for medication guidelines. Model-based meta-analysis (MBMA) combines mathematical models with meta-analysis to integrate information from multiple sources (preclinical and clinical data, etc.) and multiple dimensions (targets/mechanisms, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, diseases/indications, populations, regimens, biomarkers/efficacy/safety, etc.), which not only provides decision-making for all key points of drug development, but also provides effective information for rational drug use and cost-effectiveness analysis. The classical meta-analysis requires high homogeneity of the data, while MBMA can combine and analyze the heterogeneous data of different doses, different time courses, and different populations through modeling, so as to quantify the dose-effect relationship, time-effect relationship, and the relevant impact factors, and thus the efficacy or safety features at the level of dose, time and covariable that have not been involved in previous studies. Although the modeling and simulation methods of MBMA are similar to population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (Pop PK/PD), compared with Pop PK/PD, the advantage of MBMA is that it can make full use of literature data, which not only improves the strength of evidence, but also can answer the questions that have not been proved or can not be answered by a single study. At present, MBMA has become one of the important methods in the strategy of model-informed drug development (MIDD). This paper will focus on the application value, data analysis plan, data acquisition and processing, data analysis and reporting of MBMA, in order to provide reference for the application of MBMA in drug development and clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the developmental characteristics of resilience in children aged 3-5, and to explore the relationship between temperament, parenting style and resilience. METHODS: A total of 570 preschoolers aged 3-5 years in Hangzhou participated in this study. The children's teachers completed the assessment of the resilience scale of DECA-P2 (Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Preschoolers Second Edition); the children's parents completed assessment of temperament questionnaire CBQ (Children's Behavior Questionnaire) and parenting style questionnaire PSDQ (Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire). RESULTS: Totally 432 valid questionnaires were retrieved with a recovery rate of 75.79%. The levels of initiative and self-regulation of 5-y children were higher than those of children aged 3 or 4 (all <0.01); the level of attachment/relationship of 5-y children was higher than that of children aged 4 (<0.01); the levels of initiative and self-regulation of girls were higher than those of boys (<0.05 or <0.01). The negative affect dimension of temperament was negatively correlated with resilience (all <0.05), while the effortful control and authoritative parenting styles were positively correlated with resilience (all <0.05). The negative affect and effortful control were able to partially predict resilience of children through authoritative parenting style (mediating effect were-0.0143 and 0.0363). CONCLUSIONS Preschoolers aged 3-5 years with different age and gender show differences in resilience, and parenting styles may play a mediating effect between temperament and resilience.
Child ; Child Behavior ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parenting ; Resilience, Psychological ; Sex Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Temperament

Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1), the major effective component of ginseng, has been shown to have multiple bioactivities, but low oral bioavailability. The aim of this study was to develop a simple, sensitive and rapid high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, which could be used to validate and quantify the concentrations of Rg1 and its metabolites in Sprague-Dawley rat bile, urine, and feces after oral administration (25 mg/kg). Calibration curves offered satisfactory linearity (>0.995) within the determined ranges. Both intra-day and inter-day variances were less than 15%, and the accuracy was within 80-120%. The excretion recoveries of Rg1, ginsenoside Rh1 (Rh1), and protopanaxatriol (Ppt) in bile, urine, and feces combined were all greater than 70%. The fecal excretion recoveries of Rg1, Rh1, and Ppt were 40.11%, 22.19%, and 22.88%, respectively, whereas 6.88% of Rg1 and 0.09% of Rh1 were excreted in bile. Urinary excretion accounted for only 0.04% of Rg1. In conclusion, the observed excretion profiles for Rg1 and its metabolites after oral administration are helpful for understanding the poor oral bioavailability of Rg1 and will aid further investigations of Rg1 as a pharmacologically active component.

Objective:To revise the Chinese version of Devereux Early Childhood Assessment for Preschool-ers,Second Edition (DECA-P2 ),and assess its validity and reliability.Methods:Totally 608 children aged 3 -5 years were rated by their teachers with the Chinese version of DECA-P2 and two criterion scales,which included the Chinese version of Preschool Behavioral and Emotional Rating Scale,and Social Competence and Behavior Evalua-tion Scale-30.Data of 570 were valid.After identifying valid items using item analysis,exploratory factor analysis was performed for half of all samples.Confirmatory factor analysis was also conducted with another half samples.Moreover,the present study tested criterion-related validity,internal consistency reliability and split-half re-liability of the Chinese version of DECA-P2.Results:Through the exploratory factor analysis,the obtained structure of protective factors was the same as the original scale,accounting for 59.82%of the variance.The results of con-firmatory factor analysis achieved the standard of psychometrics (χ2/df=2.50,RMESA=0.07,CFI=0.91,IFI=0.91).Generally,each subscale had significant correlation with the two criterion scales (r=-0.21 ~0.80). Be-sides,the Cronbach αcoefficients of all subscales were between 0.80 and 0.93,and the split-half reliabilities of them were between 0.79 and 0.89.Conclusion:The Chinese version of DECA-P2 has acceptable psychometric quality and can be applied to evaluate resilience for children aged from 3 to 5 years in China.