OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review concerning the safety of using glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists （GLP-1RA） before gastrointestinal endoscopy. METHODS Chinese and English databases including CNKI， Wanfang Data， VIP， CBM， and PubMed were searched to collect systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the safety of using GLP-1RA before gastrointestinal endoscopy， with a search period from the inception to September 30， 2025. Report quality， methodological quality， risk of bias， and evidence quality were assessed using the PRISMA 2020 statement， AMSTAR 2 scale， ROBIS tool， and GRADE tool， respectively. Corrected covered area （CCA） was used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of outcome overlap， and a comprehensive quality analysis was performed on the quantitative results of systematic reviews/meta-analyses. RESULTS Ten studies were included. All 10 stu dies had some information deficiencies （15.5-19.5 points）， and were at high risk of bias； 9 studies were extremely low methodological quality， while 1 study was low. In terms of evidence quality， among 88 outcome indexes， there was 1 moderate-level index， 28 low-level indexes， and 59 extremely low-level indexes. The CCA values of the incidence of residual gastric contents， aspiration， endoscopy interruption， repeated endoscopy， inadequate bowel preparation and Boston Bowel Preparation Scale scores were 37.30%， 35.00%， 35.00%， 50.00%， 29.60% and 20.00%， respectively. Results of comprehensive quality analysis showed that compared with the control group， the incidence of residual gastric contents， endoscopy interruption and repeated endoscopy were increased significantly in the intervention group， along with a notably prolonged gastric emptying time and a significantly lower score of Boston Bowel Preparation Scale （ P ＜0.05）. However， the study results regarding the effects of GLP-1RA on the incidence of aspiration and inadequate bowel preparation were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS The use of GLP-1RA before gastrointestinal endoscopy can increase certain safety risks， including residual gastric contents， endoscopy interruption and repeated endoscopy， prolong gastric emptying time， and reduce the quality of bowel preparation. However， the effects on aspiration and inadequate bowel preparation remain controversial. The reports included in systematic reviews/meta-analyses exhibited low quality in reporting， methodology and evidence， with high risk of bias. Therefore， conclusions should be interpreted with caution.

Cats, owing to their physiological and immunological similarities with humans, have become increasingly valuable as model animals in virology research, drug development, and vaccine evaluation. They are irreplaceable in studies of feline immunodeficiency virus, feline coronavirus, and other related pathogens. However, cats are temperamentally sensitive, exhibit strong stress responses, and possess well-developed nervous systems as well as sharp claws and teeth. Consequently, the biosafety risks associated with infectious experiments using cats in animal biosafety level 2 laboratory (ABSL-2) are significantly higher than those encountered with conventional rodents. Drawing on long-term ABSL-2 operational experience, this article systematically reviews the entire workflow of infectious experiments in laboratory cats — from animal selection, pre-entry preparation, reception and quarantine, housing management, to infectious experimental procedures and incident response — identifying and addressing critical risk points at each stage. For strain selection, SPF-grade shorthair cats with defined genetic backgrounds and docile temperaments are recommended; sex and age should be scientifically matched to experimental objectives. During pre-entry preparation, emphasis is placed on dual-credential personnel management, health surveillance, standardized disinfection of environments and cages, feed and water standards, and robust record-keeping. During reception and quarantine, standardized protocols are established for transport control, appearance inspection, isolation quarantine, pathogen exclusion, and positive-reinforcement training. During infectious experimentation, a "three-fixed" husbandry principle is clearly implemented: dedicated caretakers, fixed feeding/cleaning times, and fixed cage positions. Disinfectant selection, autoclaving of waste, and daily veterinary rounds are rigorously enforced. Operational risk control includes detailed measures for graded personal protection, animal anesthesia and restraint, zoned operation within biosafety cabinets, and disposal of experimental waste. Contingency plans are formulated to address animal death, escape, personnel exposure, and spills of infectious materials. This study provides a reproducible and scalable technical pathway and operational standard for conducting infectious experiments in laboratory cats in ABSL-2 laboratories, offering a reference for other facilities undertaking similar work.

ObjectiveTo prepare rabbit anti-porcine inhibin polypeptide-keyhole limpet hemocyanin(KLH) conjugated polyclonal antibody and evaluate its effect on superovulation in C57BL/6J mice. MethodsNew Zealand white rabbits were immunized with a synthesized porcine inhibin polypeptide conjugated with KLH to produce anti-inhibin serum (AIS, i.e., inhibin polyclonal antibody). Female C57BL/6J mice received intraperitoneal injections of purified AIS in combination with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after 48 hours to induce superovulation. Oocytes obtained from superovulation were collected and counted 15 hours post-hCG administration, and the number of 2-cell embryos was assessed 24 hours after in vitro fertilization. ResultsAIS prepared by immunizing New Zealand White rabbits with KLH-conjugated porcine inhibin polypeptide was subjected to titer determination by indirect ELISA, showing titers reaching 1∶ 512 000. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of ammonium sulfate-purified AIS revealed distinct 50 kDa and 25 kDa bands corresponding to the theoretical molecular weights of IgG antibody heavy and light chains, confirming successful production of porcine inhibin polyclonal antibody. Compared with conventional superovulation methods, AIS diluted 10-fold combined with PMSG significantly increased the number of oocytes obtained from superovulation in mice (P<0.05) by approximately 1.5-fold. ConclusionPorcine inhibin polyclonal antibody, as an improved superovulation reagent, can improve superovulation efficiency in C57BL/6J mice, and shows promising prospects for future applications.

BACKGROUND:Cell-free therapy is a research hotspot in the field of medical cosmetic anti-aging.It is still unknown for paracellular secretion of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles loaded with the antiaging drug α-ketoglutaric acid to delay skin aging.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of the anti-aging agent α-ketoglutarate engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in a D-galactose-induced model of dermal fibroblast senescence.METHODS:(1)Biological characteristics of primary human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were identified by osteogenic-lipogenic differentiation staining and flow cytometry.(2)The small extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell were obtained by using differential-ultracentrifugation.α-Ketoglutarate-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles were constructed by electroporation,and biologically characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analyzer,while the encapsulation rate was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography.(3)The effect of α-ketoglutarate on the proliferative capacity of dermal fibroblasts was assessed by CCK-8 and Edu cell proliferation assay kits.(4)The effect of α-ketoglutarate-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles on delaying the senescence of dermal fibroblasts was evaluated by reactive oxygen species detection kit,western blot assay,and cellular immunofluorescence.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The obtained human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles were biologically compatible.(2)There was no toxic effect on dermal fibroblasts when α-ketoglutarate was used in the concentration range of 0.5-8 mmol/L.(3)D-gal induced senescence in dermal fibroblasts,while α-ketoglutarate-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles treatment reduced the level of oxidative stress,DNA damage,and collagen loss,which was further verified that α-ketoglutarate-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles could effectively slow down the skin aging process.

BACKGROUND:Cell-free therapy is a research hotspot in the field of medical cosmetic anti-aging.It is still unknown for paracellular secretion of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles loaded with the antiaging drug α-ketoglutaric acid to delay skin aging.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of the anti-aging agent α-ketoglutarate engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles in a D-galactose-induced model of dermal fibroblast senescence.METHODS:(1)Biological characteristics of primary human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were identified by osteogenic-lipogenic differentiation staining and flow cytometry.(2)The small extracellular vesicles derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell were obtained by using differential-ultracentrifugation.α-Ketoglutarate-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles were constructed by electroporation,and biologically characterized by transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle tracking analyzer,while the encapsulation rate was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography.(3)The effect of α-ketoglutarate on the proliferative capacity of dermal fibroblasts was assessed by CCK-8 and Edu cell proliferation assay kits.(4)The effect of α-ketoglutarate-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles on delaying the senescence of dermal fibroblasts was evaluated by reactive oxygen species detection kit,western blot assay,and cellular immunofluorescence.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The obtained human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles were biologically compatible.(2)There was no toxic effect on dermal fibroblasts when α-ketoglutarate was used in the concentration range of 0.5-8 mmol/L.(3)D-gal induced senescence in dermal fibroblasts,while α-ketoglutarate-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles treatment reduced the level of oxidative stress,DNA damage,and collagen loss,which was further verified that α-ketoglutarate-engineered human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-small extracellular vesicles could effectively slow down the skin aging process.

ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the rehabilitation effect of blood flow restriction training (BFRT) as an adjunctive rehabilitation intervention on lower-limb motor function, balance ability, walking endurance and activities of daily living in stroke patients. MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCT) on BFRT combined with rehabilitation training for stroke patients published from database inception to January 31, 2026 were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang data, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening, data extraction and bias risk assessment based on the PICO principle. Meta-analysis, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed using RevMan 5.4.1 and Stata 17.0. ResultsA total of 15 RCT were included, involving 712 stroke patients including 354 in the control group and 358 in the experimental group. Compared with rehabilitation training, combination of BFRT significantly improved Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities scores (MD = 1.77, 95%CI 0.02 to 3.52, P = 0.047), Berg Balance Scale scores (MD = 5.39, 95%CI 2.20 to 8.59, P < 0.001) and 6-Minute Walk Test distance (MD = 10.24, 95%CI 7.76 to 12.72, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in modified Barthel Index scores and Timed Up and Go Test results between two groups (P > 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated that the intervention protocol with a duration of more than four weeks and BFRT combined with resistance training achieved better rehabilitation effect. ConclusionAs an adjunctive rehabilitation method, BFRT can significantly improve lower-limb motor function, balance and walking endurance of stroke patients, while its effect on activities of daily living and functional mobility remains unclear. The protocol of BFRT combined with resistance training for more than four weeks is preferentially recommended, which is more suitable for chronic stroke patients with stable condition, basic walking ability and no cognitive impairment.

Objective:To explore the value of material separation technique based on energy spectrum CT in predicting the recurrence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures after operation, in order to provide reference for the evaluation of postoperative recurrence of fractures.Methods:A total of 80 cases with percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) treated in the First People’s Hospital of Shangqiu, Henan Province from Jan. 2020 to Dec. 2021 were selected for pre-operative CT material separation examination and postoperative follow-up for at least 2 years. The patients were divided into recurrence group and no recurrence group according to the recurrence of fracture. The clinical data and the results of material separation technique by energy spectrum CT were compared. The relevant factors for fracture recurrence was assessed by Logistic regression analysis, and ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of material separation technique based on energy spectrum CT in the recurrence of fracture.Results:After a follow-up of at least 2 years, 26 of the 80 patients had a recurrence of the fracture. The age, calcium water and hydroxyapatite (HAP) -water values in recurrent group were higher than those in no recurrent group, and the proportion of bone cement leakage was higher ( t/ Fisher=2.57, 5.40, 3.96, - P = 0.012 < 0.001, < 0.001, 0.033) . Logistic regression analysis showed that calcium-water ( OR=2.321, 95%CI: 1.464-3.679) and HAP-water ( OR=1.784, 95%CI: 1.246-2.554) values were the factors for postoperative fracture recurrence in osteoporotic fractures ( P<0.001) . ROC curve showed that AUC, sensitivity and specificity of combined calcium-water and HAP-water values in predicting postoperative fracture recurrence were 0.868, 88.46% and 79.63%, respectively ( P<0.001) . Conclusions:The material separation technique based on energy spectrum CT in predicting the recurrence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures after operation has high clinical application value, and provides a new idea for the clinical evaluation of postoperative recurrence of fractures.

Objective:To analyze the relationship between CT characteristics and related quantitative parameters of spectral CT in diagnosing the nature of thyroid nodules and lymph node metastasis in patients.Methods:This retrospective analysis included 198 patients with thyroid nodules who visited Shangqiu First People’s Hospital between Jun. 2019 and Dec. 2024. The patients included 53 males and 145 females, aged (50.96 ± 5.36) years. A total of 105 patients were classified as benign nodules and 93 patients as malignant nodules (45 with metastasis and 48 without metastasis). All patients underwent spectral CT scans to analyze the efficacy of spectral CT in diagnosing the nature of thyroid nodules and lymph node metastasis in malignant nodules. Continuous data were expressed as ±s, and intergroup comparisons were performed using independent sample t-tests. Enumeration data were expressed as [n (%) ] and tested using the chi-squared test. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine the diagnostic efficacy of various CT features and related quantitative parameters in diagnosing thyroid nodules and cervical lymph node metastasis. Results:The AUCs of capsule, edge and shape for diagnosing malignant nodules were 0.706, 0.701 and 0.735, respectively. The AUCs of IC, NIC and slope of energy spectrum curve in arterial phase and IC, NIC and slope of energy spectrum curve in venous phase for diagnosing malignant thyroid nodules were 0.967, 0.992, 0.966, 0.819, 0.991 and 0.986, respectively. The AUCs of nodule number, capsule, edge, shape and long diameter of nodule for diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with malignant thyroid nodules were 0.642, 0.617, 0.643, 0.619 and 0.651, respectively. The AUCs of IC, NIC and slope of energy spectrum curve in arterial phase and IC, NIC and slope of energy spectrum curve in venous phase were 0.941, 0.941, 0.955, 0.786, 0.881 and 0.824, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that multiple nodules, absence of capsule, blurred margins, irregular shape, nodule long diameter >10 mm, IC, NIC in the arterial and venous phases, and increased slope of the energy spectrum curve were independent risk factors for cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with malignant thyroid nodules ( OR=2.631, 1.854, 2.694, 1.936, 2.657, 2.064, 2.314, 2.525, 2.342, 2.712, 2.986, P<0.05) . Conclusions:In spectral CT examinations of patients with thyroid nodules, malignant nodules often show characteristics such as no capsule and blurred edges, accompanied by changes in relevant quantitative parameters. These CT characteristics and quantitative parameters have good diagnostic efficacy for the nature of thyroid nodules and cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with malignant nodules, and have high clinical application value.

Gentianopsis barbata (G. barbata) represents a significant plant species with considerable ornamental and medicinal value in China. This investigation sought to elucidate the primary constituents within the plant and investigate their pharmacological properties. Fifty triterpenoids (1-50), including nine previously undescribed compounds (1, 2, 7, 10, 20, 28, 29, 37, and 41) were isolated and characterized from the whole plants of G. barbata. Notably, compounds 1 and 2 exhibited the novel 3,4;9,10-diseco-24-homo-cycloartane triterpenoid skeleton. The isolated triterpenoids demonstrated substantial anti-inflammatory activity through inhibition of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) cytokine secretion in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages, and hepatoprotective effects by preventing tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP)-induced oxidative injury in HepG2 cells. These results demonstrate both the presence of diverse triterpenoids in G. barbata and their therapeutic potential for inflammatory and hepatic conditions, providing scientific evidence supporting the clinical application of this traditional Mongolian medicinal plant.
Triterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Mice ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; Animals ; Humans ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Interleukin-6/genetics* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics* ; Medicine, Mongolian Traditional ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Protective Agents/isolation & purification* ; Liver/drug effects* ; Gentianaceae/chemistry* ; Plant Extracts/chemistry* ; Molecular Structure

[Objective]To clarify the therapeutic effect of five groups of ascending and descending drugs on ulcerative colitis(UC),and to explore its different characteristics and potential regulatory pathways.[Methods]Sixty-four C57BL/6J male mice were randomly divided into normal control group,model control group,positive control group and five groups of ascending and descending drug groups,with 8 mice in each group.The UC model of mice was induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS).Except for the normal control group,the other groups of mice freely drank 2.5%DSS solution every day,and the mice in each drug group were given corresponding doses of drugs by gavage.During the modeling period,the state of the mice was observed every day,and the body weight,food intake,water intake and fecal morphology of the mice were recorded.At the end of the experiment,the disease activity index(DAI)score and colonic histopathological changes of mice in each group were compared.Transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes in the colon of mice in each intervention group.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the expression level of node genes in key signaling pathway.[Results]Compared with normal control group,the DAI score of the mice in model control group was significantly increased(P<0.0001),the body weight was significantly decreased(P<0.05),the colon was significantly shortened(P<0.05),and a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration was observed.Compared with model control group,the diet of UC mice in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Aurantii Fructus Immaturus group increased gradually;Platycodonis Radix-Armeniacae Semen Amarum group still had formed feces after modeling;the expression of estrogen signaling pathway-related genes closely related to pro-inflammatory response was down-regulated in Scutellariae Radix-Pinelliae Rhizoma Praeparatum Cum Zingibere Et Alumine group;the DAI index of UC mice in Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma-Poria cocos group was significantly lower than that in other groups,and the liver index of UC mice in Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix Alba group was significantly lower than that in model control group(P<0.01).The G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)signaling pathway was up-regulated in the Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma-Poria cocos group and Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix Alba group.[Conclusion]The five groups of ascending and descending drug pairs had different therapeutic characteristics in the treatment of UC induced by DSS.Among them,Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium-Aurantii Fructus Immaturus group,Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma-Poria cocos group and Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix Alba group had obvious improvement effects on colon tissue pathological damage and submucosal collagen deposition.The protective effect on colonic goblet cells was relatively obvious in Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma-Poria cocos group and Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma-Paeoniae Radix Alba group.The reduction of apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1)was most significant in Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma-Poria cocos group,and the down-regulation of CXC chemokine ligand 10(CXCL10)gene expression was most obvious in Platycodonis Radix-Armeniacae Semen Amarum group.In general,the protective effect of Atractylodis macrocephalae Rhizoma-Poria cocos drug pair on UC was more comprehensive and worthy of further study.