Objective To investigate whether CD137-CD137 ligand(CD137L)pathway affects foot ulcer wound healing in diabetic mice by regulating phenotypic transformation of macrophages.Methods A total of 24 db/db mice were randomly divided into model(Mod),CD137 and anti-CD137 groups with 8 mice in each group,and 8 db/m mice were selected as control(Con)group.Ulcer wounds were prepared in each group.The wound healing rate was calculated at the 7,14 and 21 day in each group.The pathological changes of the wound were evaluated by HE staining.The levels of serum IL-1β,TNF-α,VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)were detected by ELISA,and the expression of wound angiogenesis marker CD31 was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of the gene-induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),IL-6 in M1-type macrophages and arginase 1(Arg1),mannose receptor(CD206)in M2-type macrophages were detected by qRT-PCR.Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of M1 macrophages labeled F4/80 and CD86,and the proportion of M2 macrophages labeled F4/80 and CD206 in peripheral blood of mice in each group.Results Compared with Mod group,the skin tissue structure was more complete,inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced,new hair follicle tissues were increased,the wound healing rate of CD137 group at 7,14 and 21 d,VEGF,bFGF,the relative fluorescence intensity of CD31 in wound tissue,the mRNA expression of Arg1 and CD206,and the proportion of M2-type macrophages were increased(P<0.05),IL-1β,TNF-α,the mRNA expression of iNOS and IL-6 expression,and the proportion of M1-type macrophages in peripheral blood were decreased in CD137 group(P<0.05).Conclusions CD137-CD137L pathway may play a role in promoting wound healing in DFU mice by promoting the transformation of wound macrophage phenotype M1 to M2.

Objective To investigate whether CD137-CD137 ligand(CD137L)pathway affects foot ulcer wound healing in diabetic mice by regulating phenotypic transformation of macrophages.Methods A total of 24 db/db mice were randomly divided into model(Mod),CD137 and anti-CD137 groups with 8 mice in each group,and 8 db/m mice were selected as control(Con)group.Ulcer wounds were prepared in each group.The wound healing rate was calculated at the 7,14 and 21 day in each group.The pathological changes of the wound were evaluated by HE staining.The levels of serum IL-1β,TNF-α,VEGF and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)were detected by ELISA,and the expression of wound angiogenesis marker CD31 was detected by immunofluorescence staining.The expression of the gene-induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),IL-6 in M1-type macrophages and arginase 1(Arg1),mannose receptor(CD206)in M2-type macrophages were detected by qRT-PCR.Flow cytometry was used to detect the proportion of M1 macrophages labeled F4/80 and CD86,and the proportion of M2 macrophages labeled F4/80 and CD206 in peripheral blood of mice in each group.Results Compared with Mod group,the skin tissue structure was more complete,inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced,new hair follicle tissues were increased,the wound healing rate of CD137 group at 7,14 and 21 d,VEGF,bFGF,the relative fluorescence intensity of CD31 in wound tissue,the mRNA expression of Arg1 and CD206,and the proportion of M2-type macrophages were increased(P<0.05),IL-1β,TNF-α,the mRNA expression of iNOS and IL-6 expression,and the proportion of M1-type macrophages in peripheral blood were decreased in CD137 group(P<0.05).Conclusions CD137-CD137L pathway may play a role in promoting wound healing in DFU mice by promoting the transformation of wound macrophage phenotype M1 to M2.

Objective To explore the relationship among the expression level of MMP?13, AGG and Col?II in the chon?drocytes caused by nutritional deficiencies in rabbits. Methods 30 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into autolo?gous chondrocyte transplantation group (control group, n=10), nutrition block group (surgery group, n=10), and peripheral nutrition block group (sham surgery group, n=10). 4 weeks after treatment, the rabbits were sacrificed for undergoing the observations on general and histological level;real?time PCR assay was employed for testing the expression level of MMP?13, AGG and Col?II;cel?lular apoptosis percentage was observed through TUNEL stain. The relationship among the apoptosis level, cartilage cells histologi?cal Mankin score as well as the expression level of MMP?13, AGG and Col?II were analyzed. Results Based on the Mankin score, there was a statistic difference between surgery group and control group. On the other side, there were no statistic differenc?es between sham surgery group and control group. 4 weeks after treatment, surgery group presented a higher apoptotic percentage compared with control group;this value between sham surgery group and control showed no significant differences. There was an increased mRNA expression level of MMP?13 and a decreased mRNA expression level of AGG and Col?II in surgery group com?pared with control group;no statistic differences of all these values was found between sham surgery group and control group. His?tological Mankin score and apoptotic percentage presented positive correlation (r=0.922, P<0.001), the regression equation:Y=-0.548+0.404X, R2=0.844 (F=157.735, P<0.001); the mRNA expression level of MMP?13 and apoptotic percentage presented positive correlation (r=0.942, P<0.001), the regression equation:Y=0.951+0.116X, R2=0.883 (F=219.054, P<0.001). There was a nega?tive correlation between the mRNA expression level of MMP?13 and the mRNA expression level of AGG as well as Col?II (r=-0.956,-0.945, P<0.001). Conclusion Damage of cartilage cells causes the up?regulation of the MMP?13 expression which could ex?acerbate the degeneration of cells. It could induce the down?regulation of AGG and Col?II mRNA expression, which will cause the extracellular matrix synthesis disorder.

The clinical practice is a very important link for medical students to relate theory with practice and to be trained comprehensively.Stomatology is an applied science,so clinical practice is more outstanding and important during the stomatological education.This thesis discusses how to improve stomatological students' comprehensive skill in the clinical practice.