Myelin formation is considered the last true "invention" in the evolution of vertebrate nervous system cell structure. The rapid jumping pulse propagation achieved by myelin enables the high conduction speed that is the basis of human movement, sensation, and cognitive function. As a key structure in the brain, white matter is the gathering place of myelin. However, with age, white matter-associated functions become abnormal and a large number of myelin sheaths undergo degenerative changes, causing serious neurological and cognitive disorders. Despite the extensive time and effort invested in exploring myelination and its functions, numerous unresolved issues and challenges persist. In-depth exploration of the functional role of myelin may bring new inspiration for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) diseases and even mental illnesses. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive examination of the structure and key molecules of the myelin in the CNS, delving into its formation process. Specifically, we propose a new hypothesis regarding the source of power for myelin expansion in which membrane compaction may serve as a driving force for myelin extension. The implications of this hypothesis could provide valuable insights into the pathophysiology of diseases involving myelin malfunction and open new avenues for therapeutic intervention in myelin-related disorders.
Myelin Sheath/metabolism* ; Humans ; Central Nervous System/metabolism* ; Animals

Objective To establish a rapid and accurate droplet digital PCR(ddPCR)detection method for detecting Staphylococcus aureus(SA)in laboratory animals and the environment.Methods Using the heat-stable nuclease gene(nuc)of SA as the target gene,a pair of specific primers and probes are designed within its conserved region.Optimize the reaction conditions,test the dynamic range,and evaluate the specificity and stability of the method.Using the same template,test reactions were performed with both ddPCR and real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)method to assess the interchangeability between the two approaches.Finally,the method is applied to the detection of various clinical samples.Results The kinetic range of the established SA ddPCR method is 100～15 000 copies/μL,with a detection limit of 2.5 copies and a quantification limit of 10 copies;The specificity of this method was tested,and only SA showed positive droplets,while no positive droplets were found for other pathogens;After measuring three parallel samples,the standard deviation and relative standard deviation were calculated.It was found that within the dynamic detection interval of ddPCR,as the target copy number gradually decreased,the relative standard deviation showed an upward trend,but remained below 25％.This result indicates that the detection method has good stability.Conclusions The established ddPCR method for detecting SA has the advantages of high sensitivity,strong specificity,good stability,and good reproducibility.This method can be applied for the detection of SA in laboratory animals.

Objective To establish a rapid and accurate droplet digital PCR(ddPCR)detection method for detecting Staphylococcus aureus(SA)in laboratory animals and the environment.Methods Using the heat-stable nuclease gene(nuc)of SA as the target gene,a pair of specific primers and probes are designed within its conserved region.Optimize the reaction conditions,test the dynamic range,and evaluate the specificity and stability of the method.Using the same template,test reactions were performed with both ddPCR and real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)method to assess the interchangeability between the two approaches.Finally,the method is applied to the detection of various clinical samples.Results The kinetic range of the established SA ddPCR method is 100～15 000 copies/μL,with a detection limit of 2.5 copies and a quantification limit of 10 copies;The specificity of this method was tested,and only SA showed positive droplets,while no positive droplets were found for other pathogens;After measuring three parallel samples,the standard deviation and relative standard deviation were calculated.It was found that within the dynamic detection interval of ddPCR,as the target copy number gradually decreased,the relative standard deviation showed an upward trend,but remained below 25％.This result indicates that the detection method has good stability.Conclusions The established ddPCR method for detecting SA has the advantages of high sensitivity,strong specificity,good stability,and good reproducibility.This method can be applied for the detection of SA in laboratory animals.

Objective:To investigate the causes of strong pathogenicity of Bacillus cereus ( B. cereus) in a mouse model of B. cereus endophthalmitis and the factors that might be related to the prognosis of the disease. Methods:C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were injected with 1 μl PBS solution containing 100 CFU B. cereus into the vitreous cavity to construct traumatic endophthalmitis model, and a control group was set up by injecting the contralateral eyeball with 1 μl sterile PBS. A mouse model of Staphylococcus epidermidis ( S. epidermidis) endophthalmitis was constructed in the same way as disease control group. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines at different time points. Histology, electroretinogram and transmission electron microscopy were used to detect the progression of endophthalmitis and retinal function at different time points. Results:B. cereus grew significantly faster than S. epidermidis in the eyes of C57BL/6 mice and gradually moved to the cornea 12 h after infection. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that many more B. cereus were found in the iris with sparse pigment particles, while S. epidermidis could not be detected in the anterior segment after infection. The electroretinogram results showed that the amplitude of A wave and B wave of mice with B. cereus endophthalmitis decreased significantly 6 h after infection, and the B wave could not be detected 12 h after infection. Moreover, the amplitude reduction at different time points was significantly larger than that in the S. epidermidis endophthalmitis group. Histological examination found that compared with the S. epidermidis endophthalmitis group, the mice with B. cereus endophthalmitis had significantly increased inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber and vitreous cavity with a higher degree of infiltration, which was more destructive to the tissue structure. ELISA results showed that the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was significantly stronger in the B. cereus endophthalmitis group than in the S. epidermidis endophthalmitis group, suggesting that a much more severe inflammation was induced. The expression of IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β at the transcription and protein levels in the mouse model of B. cereus endophthalmitis were significantly higher than those in the mice with S. epidermidis endophthalmitis. Conclusions:B. cereus could induce severe endophthalmitis and tissue destruction in the eye due to its rapid growth and migration ability, which was an important factor leading to vision loss.

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of collaborative care model-based continuous nursing on the postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder(PPTSD), to provide reference for postpartum clinical nursing. Methods: A total of 100 cases of postpartum puerpera in Beijing Luhe Hospital of Capital Medical University were assigned to the intervention group and the control group according to the random number table method with 50 cases each. In the control group, patients received continuous nursing, however, collaboration care model-based continuous nursing care was carried out in the intervention group. The PPTSD status and psychological resilience between the two groups was assessed by Posttraumatic stress Checklist-Civilian version (PCL-C) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), respevtively. Results: Before intervention, symptoms scores and total scores of PCL-C and CD-RISC between the two group was no statistical difference (P>0.05). After intervention, the scores of increased arousal symptoms (7.22±1.09), avoidance/numbing (9.77±2.41), re-experiencing symptoms (5.66±1.17) and PCL-C total scores (22.64±3.02) were significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to the control group (8.32 ± 1.05), (11.46 ± 2.87), (6.36 ± 1.25), (26.14 ± 3.27), and there were significant differences between the two groups (t=2.899-5.559, all P<0.01). However, the scores of tenacity (24.90 ± 4.83), strength (14.91 ± 2.25), optimism (7.18 ± 1.61) symptoms and CD-RISC total scores (46.99 ± 6.30) were remakedly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (23.22 ± 2.69), (13.61 ± 1.75), (6.14 ± 0.91), (42.97 ± 3.30), there were significant differences between the two groups (t=2.154-4.011, P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions Collaboration care model-based continuous nursing care can promote the psychological resilience and alliviate PPTSD.

Objective To investigate the relationship between vWF levels and ADAMTS13 levels of DVT (venous thrombosis) in patients with cervical cancer,and then to evaluate the predictive value of vWF levels and ADAMTS13 levels of cervical cancer patients with DVT. Methods A total of sixty-six patients diagnosed as cervical cancer and treated from June 2015 to June 2016 in Weinan Maternal and Child Health Hospital were enrolled,and their baseline data,pathological type,tumor classification,TNM staging,vWF, ADAMTS13 levels and Autar score were recorded. All patients were followed up for 1 year and the patients with adverse outcomes were defined as poor prognosis group during the follow-up period while the patients whose disease progression free were defined as good prognosis group. Univariate analysis showed that the incidence of venous thrombosis in patients with cervical cancer was affected; Cox proportional hazard model further assessed the impact of all statistically significant factors on the occurrence of venous thrombosis in patients; t test showed the distribution of influential factors between the two groups; ROC curve was used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of vWF and ADAMTS13 levels in predicting the occurrence of venous thrombosis in cervical cancer patients. Results At the end of the follow-up,among the 66 patients,Six were not followed and 40 had good prognosis without venous thrombosis,which was a good prognosis group; Twenty had poor prognosis,i. e. venous thrombosis,which was a poor prognosis group,including 5 deaths. The poor prognosis rate was 30. 30%. Univariate Cox proportional hazard model results showed that vWF (P＝0. 023, (95%CI: 1. 743－1. 215)) and ADAMTS13 (P＝0. 037,(95%CI: 1. 158－1. 566)) had a significant effect on the patients with venous thrombosis. The levels of vWF (( 0. 535 ± 0. 075) μg/L) and ADAMTS13 ((69. 453±10. 284)%) in good prognosis group were significantly lower than those in poor prognosis group ((0. 592 ± 0. 082 ) μg/L, ( 79. 245 ± 11. 477 )%), and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (t＝2. 690,3. 345,P＜0. 05). Under ROC curve,the AUC of vWF level was 0. 841,the sensitivity and specificity were 55% and 97. 5% respectively,and that of ADAMTS13 level was 0. 906,the sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 80%,respectively. Conclusion The levels of vWF and ADAMTS13 have a good predictive effect on the occurrence of venous thrombosis in patients with cervical cancer. It is expected to be used as a routine evaluation index to predict the occurrence of venous thrombosis in patients with cervical cancer after treatment.