The chapter Zhouyu in Guoyu says "Qi of the heaven and the earth moves without losing its order." With lucidity ascending and turbidity descending， Qi moves in a normal state， and Yin and Yang consolidate the foundation of the body. The mutual interference between lucidity and turbidity leads to the disorder of Qi movement， thus causing diseases. It is a pathological state of disorder between ascending and descending， as well as between entering and exiting， gradually evolving into a state of turbidity affecting lucidity and transforming into pathogen， which can be used to interpret and analyze the core of disease pathogenesis. The theory of lucidity and turbidity is connected with the harmony of nutrient and defensive aspects， Qi circulation， and sweat pore associating with Qi movement， and it has common implications with immune responses and nutrient metabolism system， intestinal mucosal barrier function， and mitochondrial energy synthesis. Modern studies have shown that intestinal flora imbalance， bile acid receptor inactivation， macrophage polarization imbalance， epithelial-mesenchymal transition， ferroptosis and other related microscopic pathological mechanisms are involved in the development and progression of ulcerative colitis. By delving into the common meaning of the classic theory of mutual interference between lucidity and turbidity in traditional Chinese medicine and modern medical pathological mechanisms， this paper summarizes the correspondence between the micropathological mechanism and the theory of mutual interference between lucidity and turbidity in the regulation and mamagement of ulcerative colitis. The combined use of sweet and warm medicinal materials consolidates the middle Qi and activates Qi circulation， thus ascending lucidity and descending turbidity. The combined use of pungent medicinal materials for dispersing and bitter medicinal materials for descending simultaneously raises warm and clear Qi. Wind-extinguishing medicinal materials facilitate the ascending of Qi and the opening of sweat pores. Accordingly， turbidity descends and lucidity ascends. The prescriptions incorporating these medication principles are in agreement with the therapeutic approach of following the normal flow of lucidity and turbidity. This paper clarifies the scientific connotation and micropathologic mechanism of ulcerative colitis from the perspective of mutual interference between lucidity and turbidity， providing new theories and prescriptions for the clinical diagnosis， treatment， and prevention of ulcerative colitis.

Objective To analyze the epidemiologic burden of colorectal cancer in Xishan District, Kunming City, Yunnan Province from 2018 to 2020. Methods Indicators of epidemiologic burden were calculated, including incidence rate, mortality rate, age-specific incidence/mortality rates, potential years of life lost (PYLL), and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) based on the National Disease Control and Prevention Center’s "Cancer Information Registration and Reporting System" and "Cause of Death Registration System". Results From 2018 to 2020, the ASR (China) for the incidence of colorectal cancer in Xishan District, Kunming City increased from 25.27/10⁵ to 26.29/10⁵, while the ASR (China) for mortality decreased from 17.11/10⁵ to 16.03/10⁵. The PYLL in 2018–2020 were 1399.63, 1376.78, and 1571.56 person-years, respectively, whereas the DALY in 2018–2020 were 1927.74, 1875.05, and 1945.17 person-years, respectively. The morbidity, mortality, PYLL, and DALY were generally higher in males than in females over 45 years of age. Conclusion Given the parallel trends of persistent incidence risk and steadily declining mortality for colorectal cancer in Xishan District, Kunming City, a three-tier prevention and control system centered on "lifestyle intervention–regular screening–positive case tracking" should be established, with a focus on covering high-risk populations, particularly males over 45 years of age.

Objective To analyze survival outcomes and influencing factors among patients with colorectal cancer in Yunnan Province. Methods Clinical data were retrospectively collected from 4 892 patients with colorectal cancer. Survival data were obtained through follow-up. Overall survival (OS) was calculated by using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate analysis was performed by applying the log-rank test. Meanwhile, multivariate analysis employed the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results The 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year OS rates for the entire cohort were 91.90%, 74.40%, 64.40%, and 28.70%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that age, ethnicity, region, differentiation grade, TNM stage, clinical stage, metastatic status, histological type, and treatment modality (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery) were associated with patient prognosis (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified age (HR=1.250), region (HR=1.262), differentiation grade (HR=0.761), clinical stage (HR=3.128), and treatment modality (chemotherapy, HR=0.644; radiotherapy, HR=1.605; surgery, HR=0.384) as independent factors affecting survival prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer (all P<0.001). Conclusion Age, region, clinical stage, and treatment modality are independent factors influencing survival among patients with colorectal cancer in Yunnan Province. In clinical practice, these factors should be integrated to develop individualized prevention and treatment strategies, thereby improving patient outcomes.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Xiaozhi Qinggan decoction （XQD） in preventing and treating metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease （MASLD） by regulating ferroptosis， network pharmacology， in vitro and in vivo experiments. MethodsIn the in vivo experiment， mouse MASLD models were established by high-fat diet （HFD） induction. The model mice were randomly assigned to a positive control group （silybin， 50 mg·kg^-1）， low-， medium- and high-dose XQD groups （4.725， 9.45， 18.9 g·kg^-1）， with a normal control group. After 4 weeks of modeling， mice except the normal group were administered intragastrically for 8 consecutive weeks. Liver function， serum lipid levels， hepatic histopathology， as well as the levels of malondialdehyde （MDA）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， reduced glutathione （GSH） and oxidized glutathione （GSSG） and Fe²⁺ were detected. The mRNA and protein expression of p53， SLC7A11 and GPX4 were determined by quantitative Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Western blot. In the network pharmacology analysis， active components and potential targets of XQD for MASLD were screened， followed by functional and pathway enrichment analyses， and molecular docking was performed to verify the target binding activity. In the in vitro experiment， the optimal concentration of XQD-containing serum was screened by cytotoxicity assay. HepG2 cells were transfected with ov-NC or ov-p53 plasmid， and a lipid accumulation model was induced by free fatty acid （FFA， 1.0 mmol·L^-1）. Cells were divided into a normal group， FFA model group， ov-NC+XQD （15%） group and ov-p53+XQD （15%） group. Intracellular Fe²⁺ level and lipid accumulation were evaluated， and the protein expression of p53， SLC7A11 and GPX4 was measured by Western blot. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group exhibited markedly elevated body weight， liver weight， liver index， fasting blood glucose， AUC of glucose tolerance test， serum liver function and blood lipid levels at week 12 （P<0.01）. Hepatic steatosis and inflammatory infiltration were observed by pathological staining. Additionally， hepatic levels of MDA， SOD and Fe²⁺ were increased （P<0.01）， while GSH， GSSG and the GSH/GSSG ratio were decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expression of hepatic p53 was upregulated （P<0.01）， whereas the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 was downregulated （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low- and medium-dose XQD groups showed significantly decreased body weight at week 12 （P<0.05）. The silybin group， together with the medium- and high-dose XQD groups， presented reduced liver weight and liver index （P<0.05）. Fasting blood glucose and the AUC of glucose tolerance test were lowered in all four treatment groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Pathological staining revealed alleviated hepatic steatosis and inflammation， accompanied by decreased serum liver function and blood lipid levels （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Moreover， hepatic MDA and SOD levels were markedly reduced， while GSH， GSSG and the GSH/GSSG ratio were significantly elevated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Hepatic Fe²⁺ level was decreased （P<0.01）. The mRNA and protein expression of hepatic p53 was downregulated， and the expression of SLC7A11 and GPX4 was upregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Network pharmacology analysis identified quercetin， kaempferol， luteolin， tanshinone IIA and isorhamnetin as the core active components of XQD， with p53 serving as the key target. Stable binding was verified between these active components and the p53 protein. The optimal concentration of XQD-containing serum in vitro was determined to be 15%. Compared with the normal group， the model group showed increased intracellular Fe²⁺ and lipid accumulation， significantly upregulated p53 protein expression （P<0.01）， and markedly downregulated SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the ov-NC group exhibited reduced Fe²⁺ and lipid accumulation， downregulated p53 expression， and upregulated SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression. In the ov-p53 group， p53 expression was upregulated （P<0.01）， while SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression was downregulated （P<0.01）. ConclusionXQD inhibits ferroptosis by downregulating p53 and upregulating SLC7A11 and GPX4， thereby alleviating oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in hepatocytes and improving MASLD.

OBJECTIVE To establish the UPLC fingerprint and the method for multi-component content determination in Jingangteng capsules， and to evaluate its quality by combining chemical pattern recognition analysis. METHODS An UPLC method was established. Separation was performed on a Zorbax SB-C 18 Rapid Resolution HD column， with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution.Using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprints of Traditional Chinese Medicines （2012 edition）， UPLC fi ngerprints were established for 10 batches of Jingangteng capsules， and similarity was evaluated. SPSS 22.0 and SIMCA 14.1 software were used to perform hierarchial-cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， respectively. The same UPLC method was employed to determine the contents of chlorogenic acid， 3，5-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzoic acid-3- O -glucoside （M1）， caffeic acid， astilbin， oxyresveratrol， quercitrin and resveratrol in the 10 batches of samples. RESULTS A total of 17 common peaks were identified in UPLC fingerprints of the 10 batches of samples， of which 7 were identified as chlorogenic acid， M1， caffeic acid， astilbin， oxyresveratrol， quercitrin， and resveratrol. The similarities of 10 batches of samples ranged from 0.820 to 0.985. The results of hierarchial-cluster analysis showed that 10 batches of samples were grouped into four categories： S1-S4 formed one group， S5 and S6 formed another， S7， S8 and S10 formed a third， and S9 formed a fourth， consistent with the OPLS-DA results； the variable importance projection values for peaks 7， 10， 2， 16 （resveratrol）， 13 （oxyresveratrol）， 11， 6 （caffeic acid）， 5 （M1） and 15 （quercitrin） were ＞1. Quantitative analysis results showed that the contents of chlorogenic acid， M1， caffeic acid， astilbin， oxyresveratrol， quercitrin， and resveratrol were 1.650 8-4.213 7， 0.636 2-2.161 7， 0.031 0-0.086 5， 0.239 1-1.069 3， 0.211 9-1.104 0， 0.488 8-2.399 2， and 0.164 0-0.699 8 mg/g， respectively. CONCLUSIONS UPLC fingerprint and content determination methods established in this study are simple to operate， accurate， reliable and reproducible； when combined with chemical pattern recognition analysis， they can be used to evaluate the quality of Jingangteng capsules. Nine components， such as resveratrol， oxyresveratrol， caffeic acid， M1 and quercitrin， may serve as markers of quality variation.

Objective To explore the impact of wearable devices in assisting disease monitoring on heart-focused anxiety in patients with tachyarrhythmias. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted. 305 patients with tachyarrhythmias who attended the department of cardiology of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University in Shanghai from July 2025 to December 2025 were enrolled as the research subjects, and clinical data of patients were collected. Univariate analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis were used to analyze the impact of wearable devices in assisting disease monitoring on patients’ heart-focused anxiety. Results The mean score of heart-focused anxiety in the 305 patients with tachyarrhythmias was 33.16±9.70. Among them, 104(34.10%) patients used wearable devices in assisting disease monitoring. The results of univariate analysis and multiple stepwise regression showed that the use of wearable devices in assisting disease monitoring was an influencing factor for heart-focused anxiety (P＜0.05), and the patients who used wearable devices in assisting disease monitoring had a significantly lower level of heart-focused anxiety (P＜0.05). Conclusions The use of wearable devices in assisting disease monitoring is associated with a lower level of heart-focused anxiety in patients with tachyarrhythmias. Medical staff can guide patients to rationally use wearable devices in assisting disease monitoring on the basis of evaluating their needs and device operation capabilities.

It is considered that lean metabolic associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） is characte-rized by a state of "lean body but fatty liver". From the perspective of the pathomechanism evolution of "spleen failing to disperse essence， while kidney failing to transform qi"， the disease is systematically treated under the principle that spleen and kidney deficiency as the root and liver constraint with phlegm stasis as the branch. Spleen deficiency with impaired transformation and transportation leads to failure in the distribution of refined substances， initiating lipid turbidity accumulation and obstruction. Kidney dysfunction in qi transformation results in insufficient essence and blood， forming the root of bodily malnourishment. Over time， this further gives rise to liver constraint and loss of dispersing function， disorder in the movement of essential substances， and congealing of phlegm and stasis within hepatic collaterals. The dysfunction of three organs including spleen， kidney and liver constitutes the pathological basis of metabolic disturbances involving qi， blood， body fluids and essence. Treatment should follow the principle of "nourishing the healthy qi leads to spontaneous resolution of pathogenic accumulation"， with three approaches. First， fortifying the spleen and eliminating dampness， using Sini Powder （四逆散） and Erchen Pingwei Powder （二陈平胃散） to restore the transport and transformation function of the middle jiao （焦）， thereby guiding essential substances back to their proper physiological pathways. Second， tonifying the kidney and resolving turbidity， using Jinkui Shenqi Pill （金匮肾气丸） and Effective Integration Decoction （一贯煎） to replenish the lower jiao， promoting the restoration of essence and the transformation of turbid pathogen. Third， soothing the liver and resolving stasis， using Liujunzi Decoction （六君子汤） and Xiaozhi Qinggan Decoction （消脂清肝汤） to vent qi and blood stagnation， thereby interrupting disease progression. Together， these three methods reinforce healthy qi while eliminating pathogen， facilitating the restoration of proper essence transformation and the resolution of lipid turbidity.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the antidepressant effect and underlying mechanism of total triterpenes from Poriae Cutis （PCTT）. METHODS UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology was adopted to analyze the chemical constituents of PCTT. Network pharmacology was applied to screen the antidepressant active ingredients， key targets and signaling pathways of PCTT， and molecular docking was performed to verify the binding capacity between potential active ingredients and core targets. In animal experiment， mice were intragastrically administered PCTT at doses of 80， 160 and 320 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days. Lipopolysaccharide was used to establish an acute depression mouse model. Subsequently， behavioral assays were conducted. The levels of serum inflammatory factors， hippocampal neurotransmitters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） were detected. Western blot and qPCR assays were adopted to validate the antidepressant mechanism of PCTT. RESULTS A total of 101 chemical constituents were identified in PCTT. Network pharmacology screened out 10 potential active ingredients （including poriacosone B， poriacosone A， pachymic acid， etc.）， six core targets [including tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor， caspase-3， etc.]， as well as multiple signaling pathways including TNF and interleukin-17 （IL-17）. All 10 potential active ingredients exhibited strong binding affinity to the six core targets. Animal experimental results demonstrated that 320 mg/kg PCTT markedly increased the movement distance and movement speed of depression model mice （P＜0.05）， and shortened immobility time in tail suspension test and forced swimming test （P＜0.05）. PCTT reduced serum levels of IL-6， IL-1β and TNF-α， decreased hippocampal glutamate level； it also downregulated the relative mRNA expression of TNF-α， tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 （TNFR2）， phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K） and protein kinase B （AKT）， as well as TNFR2 protein expression and the ratios of phosphorylated-PI3K/PI3K，phosphorylated-AKT/AKT in the prefrontal cortex. Meanwhile， PCTT elevated the levels of 5- hydroxytryptamine， dopamine and BDNF in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS PCTT exerts antidepressant effects possibly by regulating the TNF-α/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to downregulate the expression of pro-inflammatory factors， thereby modulating the release of neurotransmitters and BDNF.

It is proposed that the core pathogenesis of porto-sinusoidal vascular disease （PSVD） is characterized by deficiency of healthy qi with collateral stagnation and the binding of stasis and toxin. According to the characteristics of its microvascular lesions， PSVD can be treated through syndrome differentiation in three stages， including the occult stage， progressive stage， and decompensated stage. Considering the properties of insect-derived medicinals， such as rapid movement， penetrating action， and ability to search out pathogen and unblock collaterals， three therapeutic principles are established， which are unblocking collaterals， softening the liver， and dispelling pathogen. Clinically， the New-Modified Chaihu Biejia Decoction （柴胡鳖甲汤） is used as the basic prescription with staged modifications. During the occult stage， medicinals such as Quanxie （Scorpio） and Wugong （Scolopendra） are added to search out pathogen， unblock collaterals， and protect the channels from progression. During the progressive stage， Tubiechong （Eupolyphaga seu Steleophaga） and Qianglang （Catharsius molossus） are added to dispel stasis and soften hard masses， thereby removing concretions and dissipating masses. During the decompensated stage， Shuizhi （Hirudo） and Dilong （Pheretima） are added to eliminate stasis and promote urination， treating blood and fluid retention simultaneously.

Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers, and the overall survival rate of lung cancer patients is very low. With the increasing research on lung cancer, the critical role of intestinal flora in lung cancer treatment has been gradually discovered. Among the various therapeutic approaches targeting the intestinal flora, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered as a potential strategy to treat lung cancer by interfering with the homeostasis of the intestinal flora. FMT can improve the efficacy of lung cancer treatment and attenuate the side effects associated with immunotherapy, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy by remodeling the microbial composition, modulating the metabolites, and activating immune responses. The aim of this paper is to discuss the current status and potential mechanisms of FMT in lung cancer treatment, and to provide a new strategy for regulating the intestinal flora to enhance the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.