BACKGROUND:Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a destructive cardiopulmonary disease for which there is no cure.An association between plasma proteins and pulmonary arterial hypertension has been suggested,but the causal relationship has not been specifically elucidated.OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the causal relationship between plasma proteome and pulmonary arterial hypertension using a two-sample Mendelian randomization method,thereby searching for potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension.METHODS:Plasma Protein Gene-Wide Association Analysis Statistics for 4 907 Aptamer Measurements in 35 559 Icelanders from the Icelandic Database;Genome-wide association analysis statistics for pulmonary arterial hypertension were obtained from the Finn Gen database,version R9,including 234 cases and 265 626 controls.Analyses were performed using Mendelian randomization and Bayesian co-localization analysis,the findings were examined using sensitivity analyses,and protein-protein interaction network maps were constructed to explore the causal relationship between plasma proteins and pulmonary arterial hypertension.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of inverse variance weighting,maximum likelihood and Wald ratio methods showed 19 proteins causally associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension(P＜0.05).Among them,10 plasma proteins,including Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase manic fringe(odds ratio[OR]=0.12,95％confidence interval[CI]0.02-0.61,P=0.01)and interferon alpha/beta receptor 1(OR=0.45,95％CI 0.24-0.84,P=0.012),might be associated with a reduced risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension.In contrast,nine plasma proteins,such as glucoside xylosyltransferase 1(OR=3.48,95％CI 1.51-8.00,P=0.003)and plasminogen(OR=42.78,95％CI 2.49-734.31,P=0.01),might be associated with an increased risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension.After the false discovery rate was corrected,19 proteins remained significantly associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension.(2)Multiple sensitivity analyses such as the MR-Egger intercept test and leave-one-out method showed no horizontal multiplicity or heterogeneity in the results of the study,indicating the stability of the study's results.(3)Bayesian co-localization analysis showed that six plasma proteins,including plasminogen(PPH4=1.0)and glucoside xylosyltransferase 1(PPH4=0.94),had PPH4＞0.8,suggesting that plasma proteins and the genome-wide association study of pulmonary arterial hypertension had similar causal variance in terms of genetic association.(4)By constructing a protein-protein interaction network map,plasminogen,Annexin A1,fibrinogen gamma chain and matrix metalloproteinase 7 were found to be core proteins.(5)The article used Mendelian randomization analysis to reveal a potential causal association between 4 907 plasma proteins and pulmonary arterial hypertension,suggesting that plasma proteins may be potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension.The core proteins identified in the study also provide a theoretical basis for further in-depth study of the pathophysiological mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension.Secondly,analyses using the large-scale international databases of Iceland and FinnGen provide new research directions and treatment ideas for pulmonary arterial hypertension in specific populations and environments,as well as ideas and methods that can be used to prevent and treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in China.

BACKGROUND:Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a destructive cardiopulmonary disease for which there is no cure.An association between plasma proteins and pulmonary arterial hypertension has been suggested,but the causal relationship has not been specifically elucidated.OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the causal relationship between plasma proteome and pulmonary arterial hypertension using a two-sample Mendelian randomization method,thereby searching for potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension.METHODS:Plasma Protein Gene-Wide Association Analysis Statistics for 4 907 Aptamer Measurements in 35 559 Icelanders from the Icelandic Database;Genome-wide association analysis statistics for pulmonary arterial hypertension were obtained from the Finn Gen database,version R9,including 234 cases and 265 626 controls.Analyses were performed using Mendelian randomization and Bayesian co-localization analysis,the findings were examined using sensitivity analyses,and protein-protein interaction network maps were constructed to explore the causal relationship between plasma proteins and pulmonary arterial hypertension.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of inverse variance weighting,maximum likelihood and Wald ratio methods showed 19 proteins causally associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension(P＜0.05).Among them,10 plasma proteins,including Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase manic fringe(odds ratio[OR]=0.12,95％confidence interval[CI]0.02-0.61,P=0.01)and interferon alpha/beta receptor 1(OR=0.45,95％CI 0.24-0.84,P=0.012),might be associated with a reduced risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension.In contrast,nine plasma proteins,such as glucoside xylosyltransferase 1(OR=3.48,95％CI 1.51-8.00,P=0.003)and plasminogen(OR=42.78,95％CI 2.49-734.31,P=0.01),might be associated with an increased risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension.After the false discovery rate was corrected,19 proteins remained significantly associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension.(2)Multiple sensitivity analyses such as the MR-Egger intercept test and leave-one-out method showed no horizontal multiplicity or heterogeneity in the results of the study,indicating the stability of the study's results.(3)Bayesian co-localization analysis showed that six plasma proteins,including plasminogen(PPH4=1.0)and glucoside xylosyltransferase 1(PPH4=0.94),had PPH4＞0.8,suggesting that plasma proteins and the genome-wide association study of pulmonary arterial hypertension had similar causal variance in terms of genetic association.(4)By constructing a protein-protein interaction network map,plasminogen,Annexin A1,fibrinogen gamma chain and matrix metalloproteinase 7 were found to be core proteins.(5)The article used Mendelian randomization analysis to reveal a potential causal association between 4 907 plasma proteins and pulmonary arterial hypertension,suggesting that plasma proteins may be potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension.The core proteins identified in the study also provide a theoretical basis for further in-depth study of the pathophysiological mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension.Secondly,analyses using the large-scale international databases of Iceland and FinnGen provide new research directions and treatment ideas for pulmonary arterial hypertension in specific populations and environments,as well as ideas and methods that can be used to prevent and treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in China.

[Objective]To explore and analyze the thoughts of medical and Yiology of the book Waijing Weiyan written by CHEN Shiduo,a medical doctor from Zhejiang Province in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.[Methods]By means of literature research method,this paper sorted out and screened the articles related to the thoughts of medicine and Yiology in the book and studied them,discussed and analysed CHEN Shiduo's thoughts of medical and Yiology on"the trigrams of the Zhouyi""The River Vehicle Theory""The Nine Palaces and Eight Winds""Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",etc.,discussing to explore the connotation of the thoughts of medicine and Yiology in Waijing Weiyan.[Results]The chapters of Waijing Weiyan,which mainly embody the ideas of medical thinking,include"The Mingmen is the Governor of Meridians""Inability of Water to Restrict Fire""Nomenclature of the Eight King of Wind""Relief of Yang Disease and Relief of Yin Disease",etc.The thoughts of medical and Yiology contained therein is mainly reflected in five aspects,namely,expending the imagery of"Kan"and"Li"to explain the doctrine of Mingmen;using the"Ji-Ji Hexagram"interpreting the water and fire of the human body;innovating the River Vehicle Theory in Taoism to explain the pathway lifting and lowering of Qi;inheriting the thoughts of Nine Palaces and Eight Winds,and rationally treating the eight winds occupancy;proposing the twelve"times of exuberance of Qi"to discuss the prognosis of diseases by day and night.[Conclusion]Waijing Weiyan shows the main contents of CHEN Shiduo's thoughts of medicine and Yiology,reflecting his academic characteristics such as emphasizing the coordination of water and fire and the elevation of Qi,advocating the compatibility of thoughts of medicine and Yiology with the actual medical practice,and being good at explaining the medical theories with the tools of medical and Yiology.The study of the theory of medicine and Yiology in Waijing Weiyan helps to understand and grasp the essence of CHEN Shiduo's medical thoughts,and provides ideas for the study and development of the academic thoughts of the Zhejiang school of traditional Chinese medicine.

[Objective]To explore and analyze the thoughts of medical and Yiology of the book Waijing Weiyan written by CHEN Shiduo,a medical doctor from Zhejiang Province in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties.[Methods]By means of literature research method,this paper sorted out and screened the articles related to the thoughts of medicine and Yiology in the book and studied them,discussed and analysed CHEN Shiduo's thoughts of medical and Yiology on"the trigrams of the Zhouyi""The River Vehicle Theory""The Nine Palaces and Eight Winds""Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches",etc.,discussing to explore the connotation of the thoughts of medicine and Yiology in Waijing Weiyan.[Results]The chapters of Waijing Weiyan,which mainly embody the ideas of medical thinking,include"The Mingmen is the Governor of Meridians""Inability of Water to Restrict Fire""Nomenclature of the Eight King of Wind""Relief of Yang Disease and Relief of Yin Disease",etc.The thoughts of medical and Yiology contained therein is mainly reflected in five aspects,namely,expending the imagery of"Kan"and"Li"to explain the doctrine of Mingmen;using the"Ji-Ji Hexagram"interpreting the water and fire of the human body;innovating the River Vehicle Theory in Taoism to explain the pathway lifting and lowering of Qi;inheriting the thoughts of Nine Palaces and Eight Winds,and rationally treating the eight winds occupancy;proposing the twelve"times of exuberance of Qi"to discuss the prognosis of diseases by day and night.[Conclusion]Waijing Weiyan shows the main contents of CHEN Shiduo's thoughts of medicine and Yiology,reflecting his academic characteristics such as emphasizing the coordination of water and fire and the elevation of Qi,advocating the compatibility of thoughts of medicine and Yiology with the actual medical practice,and being good at explaining the medical theories with the tools of medical and Yiology.The study of the theory of medicine and Yiology in Waijing Weiyan helps to understand and grasp the essence of CHEN Shiduo's medical thoughts,and provides ideas for the study and development of the academic thoughts of the Zhejiang school of traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective: To describe the association of different sleep characteristics and cardiometabolic risk among college students, so as to provide reference for health promotion of college students. Methods: By random cluster sampling method, a questionnaire survey and physical examination including blood pressure, waist circumference and blood lipid indicators, which were conducted in April and May of 2019 among a total of 1 179 college students from the first grade in two universities in Hefei City of Anhui Province and Shangrao City of Jiangxi Province. A total of 729 college students with valid questionnaires were included into analysis. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used to investigate sleep behavior, and the Morning And Evening Questionnaire-5 (MEQ-5) was used to investigate sleep characteristics. The cardiometabolic risk score was derived using the sum of the standardized sex specific Z scores of waist circumference, mean arterial pressure, HDL cholesterol (multiplied by -1), triglycerides, and insulin resistance index. The rank sum tests were used to compare differences in cardiometabolic risk scores across demographic characteristics. Generalized linear models were used to compare the association of different sleep characteristics with cardiometabolic risk scores among college students. Results: The average cardiovascular metabolic risk score of college students was -0.32(-2.03, 1.58). There were statistically significant differences in cardiovascular metabolic risk scores among college students in variables such as smoking, health status, and physical activity levels ( t/F=-3.41, 12.88, 51.07, P <0.01). The results of the generalized linear model showed that nighttime preference ( B=1.89, 95%CI =1.02-3.49), insomnia symptoms ( B=3.25, 95%CI =1.79-5.90), and short or long sleep duration ( B=1.92, 95%CI =1.21-3.05) were positively correlated with the cardiovascular metabolic risk score of college students ( P <0.05). Conclusions Poor sleep patterns among college students are positively correlated with the risk of cardiovascular metabolism. The sleep behavior of college students should be actively changed to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

BACKGROUND: Biliary tract carcinomas (BTCs) are relatively rare but lethal primary malignant tumors derived from the biliary tract system. The burden of BTCs varies according to sex, age, region, and country, but limited attention has been paid to the burden of BTCs. We sought to explore the up-to-date data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) and expand findings by accessing the demographic features of BTC disease burden. METHODS: Using the latest data from the GBD 2021, we evaluated and analyzed the distributions and patterns of BTC disease burden in various age groups, sexes, regions, and countries. RESULTS: The number of incident cases, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) tended to increase and peaked at 216,770 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 181,890-245,240), 171,960 (95% UI: 142,350-194,240), and 3,732,100 (95% UI: 3,102,900-4,317,000) person-years, respectively, in 2021. However, the average global age-standardized rates (ASRs) of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs shrunk by -11.46% (95% UI: -21.91 to 3.35%), -24.09% (95% UI: -33.19 to 16.88%), and -26.25% (95% UI: -35.53 to 18.36%), respectively, from 1990 to 2021. Meanwhile, the male/female ratio (male per 100 female) of incidence, deaths, and DALYs changed from 76.40, 75.41, and 74.72 to 86.89, 79.11, and 82.29, respectively. In 2021, the highest number of incident cases, deaths, and DALYs occurred in East Asia. The top three highest incidences, deaths, and DALYs were observed in China, India, and Japan, and the highest ASRs were observed in Chile in 2021. Analysis of the Human Development Index along with disease burden estimates of BTCs also suggests that the burden of the disease is related to the level of comprehensive development of the society. CONCLUSION This study provided a comprehensive comparison of differences in the burden of disease across populations and over time, and further presented evidence concerning the formulation of prevention and control policies and etiologic studies for BTCs and proposed logical hypotheses to investigate.
Humans ; Global Burden of Disease ; Biliary Tract Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Incidence ; Aged, 80 and over ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Cost of Illness

[Objective]To explore the current research status,research hotspots and directions of Tianhui Bamboo Medical Manuscripts through combining and analyzing the relevant literature.[Methods]To retrieve the published literature on Tianhui Bamboo Medical Manuscripts from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) from January 2014 to December 2023,apply CiteSpace 6.2.R6 software,and make visual analysis of basic information such as,author,keywords,etc.to draw a knowledge graph of Tianhui Bamboo Medical Manuscripts and summarize the research hotspots of Tianhui Bamboo Medical Manuscripts.[Results]A total of 74 documents were retrieved,the number of papers,published in Tianhui Bamboo Medical Manuscripts increased from 2014 to 2018,decreased from 2019 to 2023 and gradually leveled off.A total of 70 authors are included in the author collaboration chart,and the one with the most publications is LI Jiming;a total of 49 institutions are included in the institutional collaboration chart,and the one with the most publications is Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;there are 146 keywords in total,and clustering research shows that the research mainly includes exegesis and interpretation,prescription dosage forms,diagnosis and treatment features,etc.[Conclusion]The research on Tianhui Bamboo Medical Manuscripts is in the stage of continuous development,and the research hot spots are mainly focused on medical ideas such as five-color pulse diagnosis,prescription compatibility rules,and comparative studies with medical books of later generations.The discussion of the diagnosis of damage to the pulse theory,the unearthed bamboo slips and the discussion of the medical system of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasty bamboo slips are the research trends in this field.

[Objective]To explore the current research status,research hotspots and directions of Tianhui Bamboo Medical Manuscripts through combining and analyzing the relevant literature.[Methods]To retrieve the published literature on Tianhui Bamboo Medical Manuscripts from China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) from January 2014 to December 2023,apply CiteSpace 6.2.R6 software,and make visual analysis of basic information such as,author,keywords,etc.to draw a knowledge graph of Tianhui Bamboo Medical Manuscripts and summarize the research hotspots of Tianhui Bamboo Medical Manuscripts.[Results]A total of 74 documents were retrieved,the number of papers,published in Tianhui Bamboo Medical Manuscripts increased from 2014 to 2018,decreased from 2019 to 2023 and gradually leveled off.A total of 70 authors are included in the author collaboration chart,and the one with the most publications is LI Jiming;a total of 49 institutions are included in the institutional collaboration chart,and the one with the most publications is Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine;there are 146 keywords in total,and clustering research shows that the research mainly includes exegesis and interpretation,prescription dosage forms,diagnosis and treatment features,etc.[Conclusion]The research on Tianhui Bamboo Medical Manuscripts is in the stage of continuous development,and the research hot spots are mainly focused on medical ideas such as five-color pulse diagnosis,prescription compatibility rules,and comparative studies with medical books of later generations.The discussion of the diagnosis of damage to the pulse theory,the unearthed bamboo slips and the discussion of the medical system of the pre-Qin and Han Dynasty bamboo slips are the research trends in this field.

Mammalian bone is constantly metabolized from the embryonic stage, and the maintenance of bone health depends on the dynamic balance between bone resorption and bone formation, mediated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts. It is widely recognized that circadian clock genes can regulate bone metabolism. In recent years, the regulation of bone metabolism by non-coding RNAs has become a hotspot of research. MicroRNAs can participate in bone catabolism and anabolism by targeting key factors related to bone metabolism, including circadian clock genes. However, research in this field has been conducted only in recent years and the mechanisms involved are not yet well established. Recent studies have focused on how to target circadian clock genes to treat some diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, but few have focused on the co-regulation of circadian clock genes and microRNAs in bone metabolic diseases. Therefore, in this paper we review the progress of research on the co-regulation of bone metabolism by circadian clock genes and microRNAs, aiming to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of bone metabolic diseases such as osteoporosis.
Animals ; Circadian Clocks/genetics* ; Circadian Rhythm/genetics* ; Mammals/genetics* ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Osteogenesis/genetics* ; Osteoporosis/genetics*