Objective: To compare the effects of height-desk-chair matching on the viewing distance of primary school students before and after intervention, so as to provide scientific basis for the hygiene management of desks and chairs. Methods: From April to June 2025, a random cluster sampling method was used to select 141 third grade students from three classes equipped with adjustable desks and chairs in a primary school in Hefei City for a height-desk-chair matching intervention study. The height of students desks and chairs was adjusted according to the standard height and height range specified in the Functional Sizes and Technical Requirements of Chairs and Tables for Educational Institutions (GB/T 3976-2014), with an intervention period of one week. Before and after the intervention, eye use data were measured by using the electronic smart device "Cloud Clip", while collecting data on vision data viewing distance, time spent using eyes at close range and outdoor time, desk and chair height, and physical examination. Linear regression analysis was used to investigate the factors related to viewing distance before the intervention of height-desk-chair matching, and a paired t-test was used to analyze the difference in viewing distance before and after the intervention. A mixed effects model was used to explore the effect of height desk and chair adaptation intervention on viewing distance. Results: The compliance rates for desk and chair adjustments before and after the intervention were 1.4% and 18.4%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ 2=22.84, P <0.01). The viewing distance increased from (30.48±5.01) cm before intervention to (32.06±5.75) cm post intervention, with a statistically significant difference ( t=4.57, P <0.01). The proportion of students meeting the viewing distance standard increased from 33.3% to 51.1%. The linear mixedeffects model results indicated that the association between height appropriate desk and chair interventions and viewing distance was statistically significant, regardless of whether covariates such as time spent using eyes at close range and outdoor time were adjusted ( β=-1.58, 95%CI = -2.25 to -0.91; β=-1.14, 95%CI =-1.85 to -0.43, both P <0.05). Conclusion Height adjusted desks and chairs, which can effectively increase the viewing distance for primary school students, has positive implications for improving healthy eye care behaviors among children and adolescents.

BACKGROUND:Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a destructive cardiopulmonary disease for which there is no cure.An association between plasma proteins and pulmonary arterial hypertension has been suggested,but the causal relationship has not been specifically elucidated.OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the causal relationship between plasma proteome and pulmonary arterial hypertension using a two-sample Mendelian randomization method,thereby searching for potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension.METHODS:Plasma Protein Gene-Wide Association Analysis Statistics for 4 907 Aptamer Measurements in 35 559 Icelanders from the Icelandic Database;Genome-wide association analysis statistics for pulmonary arterial hypertension were obtained from the Finn Gen database,version R9,including 234 cases and 265 626 controls.Analyses were performed using Mendelian randomization and Bayesian co-localization analysis,the findings were examined using sensitivity analyses,and protein-protein interaction network maps were constructed to explore the causal relationship between plasma proteins and pulmonary arterial hypertension.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of inverse variance weighting,maximum likelihood and Wald ratio methods showed 19 proteins causally associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension(P＜0.05).Among them,10 plasma proteins,including Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase manic fringe(odds ratio[OR]=0.12,95％confidence interval[CI]0.02-0.61,P=0.01)and interferon alpha/beta receptor 1(OR=0.45,95％CI 0.24-0.84,P=0.012),might be associated with a reduced risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension.In contrast,nine plasma proteins,such as glucoside xylosyltransferase 1(OR=3.48,95％CI 1.51-8.00,P=0.003)and plasminogen(OR=42.78,95％CI 2.49-734.31,P=0.01),might be associated with an increased risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension.After the false discovery rate was corrected,19 proteins remained significantly associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension.(2)Multiple sensitivity analyses such as the MR-Egger intercept test and leave-one-out method showed no horizontal multiplicity or heterogeneity in the results of the study,indicating the stability of the study's results.(3)Bayesian co-localization analysis showed that six plasma proteins,including plasminogen(PPH4=1.0)and glucoside xylosyltransferase 1(PPH4=0.94),had PPH4＞0.8,suggesting that plasma proteins and the genome-wide association study of pulmonary arterial hypertension had similar causal variance in terms of genetic association.(4)By constructing a protein-protein interaction network map,plasminogen,Annexin A1,fibrinogen gamma chain and matrix metalloproteinase 7 were found to be core proteins.(5)The article used Mendelian randomization analysis to reveal a potential causal association between 4 907 plasma proteins and pulmonary arterial hypertension,suggesting that plasma proteins may be potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension.The core proteins identified in the study also provide a theoretical basis for further in-depth study of the pathophysiological mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension.Secondly,analyses using the large-scale international databases of Iceland and FinnGen provide new research directions and treatment ideas for pulmonary arterial hypertension in specific populations and environments,as well as ideas and methods that can be used to prevent and treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in China.

BACKGROUND:Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a destructive cardiopulmonary disease for which there is no cure.An association between plasma proteins and pulmonary arterial hypertension has been suggested,but the causal relationship has not been specifically elucidated.OBJECTIVE:To elucidate the causal relationship between plasma proteome and pulmonary arterial hypertension using a two-sample Mendelian randomization method,thereby searching for potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension.METHODS:Plasma Protein Gene-Wide Association Analysis Statistics for 4 907 Aptamer Measurements in 35 559 Icelanders from the Icelandic Database;Genome-wide association analysis statistics for pulmonary arterial hypertension were obtained from the Finn Gen database,version R9,including 234 cases and 265 626 controls.Analyses were performed using Mendelian randomization and Bayesian co-localization analysis,the findings were examined using sensitivity analyses,and protein-protein interaction network maps were constructed to explore the causal relationship between plasma proteins and pulmonary arterial hypertension.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of inverse variance weighting,maximum likelihood and Wald ratio methods showed 19 proteins causally associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension(P＜0.05).Among them,10 plasma proteins,including Beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase manic fringe(odds ratio[OR]=0.12,95％confidence interval[CI]0.02-0.61,P=0.01)and interferon alpha/beta receptor 1(OR=0.45,95％CI 0.24-0.84,P=0.012),might be associated with a reduced risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension.In contrast,nine plasma proteins,such as glucoside xylosyltransferase 1(OR=3.48,95％CI 1.51-8.00,P=0.003)and plasminogen(OR=42.78,95％CI 2.49-734.31,P=0.01),might be associated with an increased risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension.After the false discovery rate was corrected,19 proteins remained significantly associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension.(2)Multiple sensitivity analyses such as the MR-Egger intercept test and leave-one-out method showed no horizontal multiplicity or heterogeneity in the results of the study,indicating the stability of the study's results.(3)Bayesian co-localization analysis showed that six plasma proteins,including plasminogen(PPH4=1.0)and glucoside xylosyltransferase 1(PPH4=0.94),had PPH4＞0.8,suggesting that plasma proteins and the genome-wide association study of pulmonary arterial hypertension had similar causal variance in terms of genetic association.(4)By constructing a protein-protein interaction network map,plasminogen,Annexin A1,fibrinogen gamma chain and matrix metalloproteinase 7 were found to be core proteins.(5)The article used Mendelian randomization analysis to reveal a potential causal association between 4 907 plasma proteins and pulmonary arterial hypertension,suggesting that plasma proteins may be potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary arterial hypertension.The core proteins identified in the study also provide a theoretical basis for further in-depth study of the pathophysiological mechanisms of pulmonary arterial hypertension.Secondly,analyses using the large-scale international databases of Iceland and FinnGen provide new research directions and treatment ideas for pulmonary arterial hypertension in specific populations and environments,as well as ideas and methods that can be used to prevent and treat pulmonary arterial hypertension in China.

Under the background of climate change, the escalating air pollution and extreme weather events have been identified as risk factors for chronic respiratory diseases (CRD), causing serious public health burden worldwide. This review aims to summarize the effects of changed atmospheric environment caused by climate change on CRD. Results indicated an increased risk of CRD (mainly COPD, asthma) associated with environmental factors, such as air pollutants, adverse meteorological conditions, extreme temperatures, sandstorms, wildfire, and atmospheric allergens. Furthermore, this association can be modified by factors such as socioeconomic status, adaptability, individual behavior, medical services. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms linking climate change and increased risk of CRD involved pulmonary inflammation, immune disorders, oxidative stress. Notably, the elderly, children, impoverished groups and people in regions with limited adaptability are more sensitive to respiratory health risks caused by climate change. This review provides a reference for understanding risk factors of CRD in the context of climate change, and calls for the necessity of adaptive strategies. Further interdisciplinary research and global collaboration are needed in the future to enhance adaptability and address climate health inequality.
Climate Change ; Humans ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Risk Factors ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/etiology* ; Chronic Disease ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects* ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects*

Objective:To observe the stability of vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) and mandibular position in full-mouth occlusal reconstruction subjects by means of digital occlusal analysis.Methods:Six subjects who had completed full-mouth occlusal reconstruction by intraoral functional generated path technique for more than three years in the Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were enrolled for follow-up observation, all six patients were male, with an age of (53.6±8.4) years. The digital dentition model and occlusal contact at baseline and three years follow-up review after restoration were recorded by intraoral laser scanning, and the changes in occlusal surface morphology, occlusal contact area and mandibular position (mandibular overall deviation and mandibular reference plane average angle deviation) were measured in reverse engineering software. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to statistically analyze the changes of horizontal and vertical overbite of anterior teeth and VDO of posterior teeth between baseline and three years follow-up after reconstruction.Results:The prosthesis in the 6 subjects were intact at the time of follow-up, and there was no significant change in occlusal morphology compared with that at the baseline right after restoration delivery, and the occlusal contact in maximum intercuspid position was stable. The overall deviation of the lower jaw was (0.19±0.06) mm, and the angular deviation of the mandibular reference plane was 0.72°±0.38°. The chromatic scale of occlusal contact showed that the occlusal contact in some areas was heavier during the three years post-delivery, and the overbite of anterior teeth and the VDO of posterior teeth showed no statistical difference compared with that in the baseline (all P>0.05). Conclusions:This study suggests that the occlusal contact distribution and jaw position relationship can be maintained after 3 years of full-mouth occlusal reconstruction, and there is no significant change in the anterior overbite and VDO.

The historical evolution of the fire-processing of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata(Fuzi)was explored by literature research and the re-practice of ancient processing method.The literature research showed that the Han Dynasty was the beginning of fire-processing of Fuzi,and the processing techniques of Fuzi varied.During the Jin and Tang Dynasties,ash fire was preferred for fire-processing techniques;in the Song Dynasty,the concept of fully-processing and the method of macerating Fuzi with liquid before fire-processing appeared;in the Jin and Yuan Dynasties,the processing criterion of presenting yellow color inside and outside and the remedial methods after fire-processing were put forward;in the Ming Dynasty,the techniques of water-macerating,fire-processing,slicing and baking became the mainstream,and the Qing Dynasty further refined the techniques in terms of process details.After the founding of the People's Republic of China,the sand-scalding technique developed from the local processing experiences and standards has disengaged from the ancient methods.The literature evidence and the re-practice of ancient processing method revealed that the traditional fire-processing techniques on Fuli such as ash-fire-processing,water-macerating before fire-processing,and quenching after fire-processing,are all about the control of temperature and processing time and the criterion of presenting yellow color inside and outside.For the preparation of Fuzi standard in the formulas containing Fuzi,it is recommended to process Fuzi at the temperature of simulated hot ashes in an oven,and the standard should be uniformly yellow after processing.

BACKGROUND:Traditional methods of urinary tract reconstruction are limited by donor scarcity,high complication rates,and suboptimal functional recovery.Tissue engineering strategies offer new directions in this field.Since the urinary tract is mainly composed of muscle tissue,the key is to find suitable seed cells and efficiently induce them to differentiate into smooth muscle cells.Comparative studies on the efficacy of different smooth muscle cell induction regimens are still lacking. OBJECTIVE:To isolate,culture,and identify human urine-derived stem cells,and to compare the effects of two different induction protocols. METHODS:Human urine-derived stem cells were isolated from urine samples of 11 healthy adult volunteers by multiple centrifugations.Surface markers were identified by flow cytometry.The multi-directional differentiation potential of human urine-derived stem cells was verified through osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation.Differentiation was induced by transforming growth factor-β1 or transforming growth factor-β1 combined with platelet derived growth factor for 14 days.Immunofluorescence staining and western blot assay were employed to compare the expression differences of smooth muscle-specific proteins(α-SMA and SM22). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Urine-derived stem cells were successfully isolated from the eight urine samples of healthy people.These cells exhibit a"rice grain"-like morphology and possess a robust proliferative capacity.(2)Urine-derived stem cells exhibited high expression of mesenchymal stem cell surface markers(CD73,CD90,and CD44)and extremely low expression of hematopoietic stem cell surface markers(CD34 and CD45).These cells did not express CD19,CD105,and HLA-DR.(3)After osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation,the formation of calcium nodules and lipid droplets was observed,with positive staining results from Alizarin Red S and Oil Red O staining.(4)After 14 days of smooth muscle induction culture,immunofluorescence staining revealed that the smooth muscle differentiation rate of urine-derived stem cells treated with a combination of transforming growth factor-β1 and platelet derived growth factor was significantly higher compared to those treated with transforming growth factor-β1 alone(P<0.005).(5)After 14 days of smooth muscle induction culture,western blot assay further demonstrated that the expression levels of α-SMA and SM22 in the transforming growth factor-β1/platelet derived growth factor group were significantly elevated compared to those in the transforming growth factor-β1 only group(P<0.005).These findings confirm that urine-derived stem cells can be non-invasively isolated using multiple rounds of centrifugation.Compared with transforming growth factor-β1 alone,the combination of transforming growth factor-β1 and platelet derived growth factor can improve the efficiency of inducing urine-derived stem cells to differentiate into smooth muscle cells.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization on elderly patients with symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion, and to evaluate its safety and efficacy in the elderly population.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 35 elderly patients(aged ≥60 years)who underwent combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization for symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion in the Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2017 to June 2022.The clinical data during hospitalization, as well as the follow-up data within 2 years after operation, were collected and analyzed.Results:A total of 35 cases of combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization were performed on 35 patients.The age at surgery ranged from 60 to 74 years(mean age 65.5 ± 4.2 years). The incidence of reversible neurological deficits within 2 weeks postoperation was 34.3%, and the incidence of focal cerebral infarction within 30 days postoperation was 5.7%.The patency rate of the bridging vessel was 97.1% at 3 months postoperation., and the incidence of focal cerebral infarction during the follow-up period of 30 days to 2 years postoperation was 2.9%.At 3 months after surgery, computed tomography perfusion imaging showed that regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), regional cerebral blood volume(rCBV), regional mean transit time(rMTT), and regional time to peak(rTTP)were improved compared with those before surgery.The modified Rankin scale score decreased compared to preoperative values, while the Montreal Cognitive Assessment showed improvement in cognitive function compared to preoperative levels(all P<0.05). From 6 months to 1-year postoperation, cerebral angiography showed that 38.7% of the patients had neovascularization of Matsushima grade A or grade B. No cases of cerebral hemorrhage or death was observed during the treatment and follow-up. Conclusions:Combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization is safe and effective for elderly patients with symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion, which can improve the patient′s hemodynamic disorders, prevent infarction events, and improve the patients′ neurological function and cognitive ability.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization on elderly patients with symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion, and to evaluate its safety and efficacy in the elderly population.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 35 elderly patients(aged ≥60 years)who underwent combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization for symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion in the Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2017 to June 2022.The clinical data during hospitalization, as well as the follow-up data within 2 years after operation, were collected and analyzed.Results:A total of 35 cases of combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization were performed on 35 patients.The age at surgery ranged from 60 to 74 years(mean age 65.5 ± 4.2 years). The incidence of reversible neurological deficits within 2 weeks postoperation was 34.3%, and the incidence of focal cerebral infarction within 30 days postoperation was 5.7%.The patency rate of the bridging vessel was 97.1% at 3 months postoperation., and the incidence of focal cerebral infarction during the follow-up period of 30 days to 2 years postoperation was 2.9%.At 3 months after surgery, computed tomography perfusion imaging showed that regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), regional cerebral blood volume(rCBV), regional mean transit time(rMTT), and regional time to peak(rTTP)were improved compared with those before surgery.The modified Rankin scale score decreased compared to preoperative values, while the Montreal Cognitive Assessment showed improvement in cognitive function compared to preoperative levels(all P<0.05). From 6 months to 1-year postoperation, cerebral angiography showed that 38.7% of the patients had neovascularization of Matsushima grade A or grade B. No cases of cerebral hemorrhage or death was observed during the treatment and follow-up. Conclusions:Combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization is safe and effective for elderly patients with symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion, which can improve the patient′s hemodynamic disorders, prevent infarction events, and improve the patients′ neurological function and cognitive ability.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common male urological malignancies,in which bone metastasis of desmo-plasia-resistant prostate cancer is an important stage in the progression of the disease,which seriously affects the quality of life and survival of patients.With the development of nuclide therapy technology in recent years,223-Ra,as a new type of alpha-targeted therapy,has shown good efficacy in the treatment of desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis.The purpose of this pa-per is to review the characteristics,mechanism of action,treatment,and the main research results of its treatment of desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis,and provide a comprehensive review of the clinical application of 223-Ra in the treatment of desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis for the clinical application of 223-Ra in prostate cancer bone metastasis.