Objective To conduct an analysis on objective data of tongue manifestations and complexions among college students with yang deficiency constitution and balanced constitution,thus to explore the correlation between yang deficiency constitution and the objective data of tongue manifestations and complexions among college students.Methods From August 2023 to January 2024,data collection was carried out in 325 cases of yang deficiency constitution(yang deficiency group)and 175 cases of balanced constitution(balanced group)from college students of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Central South University,Hunan Normal University,Hunan University and Changsha University of Science and Technology in Hunan Province.YM-MA-Ⅰ digital detection system for tongue manifestations and complexions of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)was utilized for data collection and image analysis,and the differences in the Lab parameters of tongue color,tongue shape,tongue coating color,complexions,and lip color were compared between yang deficiency group and balanced group.Of the Lab parameters,letter"L"stands for luminance,which expresses the luminance from absolute black to absolute white,and takes the value of 0-100;letter"a"and letter"b"stand for two color channels,letter"a"represents the color from dark green to grey then to bright pink,and takes a value from-128 to 127,and letter"b"represents the color from bright blue to grey then to yellow,and also takes a value from-128 to 127.Results(1)The analysis of tongue manifestations showed that in comparison with the balanced group,enlarged tongue(72.62％),tooth-marked tongue(83.69％),and greasy coating(59.38％)were frequently seen in the yang deficiency group,and the differences were all statistically significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(2)The analysis of complexions showed that in comparison with the balanced group,lusterless complexion(79.08％)and pale lip(42.15％)were frequently seen in the yang deficiency group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.01).(3)The yang deficiency group had higher L value of tongue color,L value of tongue coating color,L value of complexions,and L and b values of lip color than the balanced group,and the differences were all statistically significant(P＜0.05),indicating that the tongue color,complexions,and lip color of the yang deficiency group were all pale.Conclusion The objective data and image analysis of tongue manifestations and complexions can accurately identify the population of yang deficiency constitution from college students,and the results will provide approaches and references for the identification of other TCM constitutions from the population.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of Shexiang Baoxinwan in treating stable angina pectoris with Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease （CAD） complicated with anxiety and depression and explore its underlying mechanisms. MethodsThis study employed a randomized， double-blind， and placebo-controlled clinical trial design. Patients admitted to the hospital were randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group， with 52 patients in each group. Patients in the observation and control groups received Shexiang Baoxinwan and placebo， respectively， both in combination with conventional Western medication. The dose was 45.0 mg， three times daily， for a total duration of eight weeks. The primary outcome was the Seattle Angina Questionnaire （SAQ） scores before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes included changes in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， the patient health questionnaire-9 （PHQ-9）， generalized anxiety disorder-7 （GAD-7）， inflammatory markers ［interleukin-18 （IL-18）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， CD40， etc.］， monoamine neurotransmitters ［e.g.， dopamine （DA）］， vascular endothelial function markers ［e.g.， endothelin-1（ET-1）］， adipokines， and ischemia-modified albumin （IMA）. Adverse reactions were also recorded. ResultsA total of 92 patients completed the study， with 44 in the observation group and 48 in the control group. Compared with baseline， both groups showed significant decreases in PHQ-9， GAD-7， and TCM syndrome scores following treatment （P<0.05）， along with a significant increase in SAQ scores （P<0.05）. In the observation group， DA levels were significantly increased （P<0.05）， while levels of IL-18， TNF-α， CD40， ET-1， and IMA were decreased （P<0.05）. In contrast， the control group exhibited significantly increased CD40 levels （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group showed significant improvements in the SAQ dimensions of physical limitation， angina stability， treatment satisfaction， and disease perception， as well as in TCM syndrome score， PHQ-9 score， IL-18， CD40， ET-1， and IMA （P<0.05）. No adverse reactions were observed in either group during treatment. ConclusionShexiang Baoxinwan can improve anxiety and depression， alleviate angina symptoms， and reduce TCM symptoms of Qi stagnation and blood stasis in CAD patients. The mechanism may involve anti-inflammation， improvement of vascular endothelial function， reduction of IMA， and increase of monoamine neurotransmitter levels.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of Shexiang Baoxinwan in treating stable angina pectoris with Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome in patients with coronary artery disease （CAD） complicated with anxiety and depression and explore its underlying mechanisms. MethodsThis study employed a randomized， double-blind， and placebo-controlled clinical trial design. Patients admitted to the hospital were randomly assigned to the observation group and the control group， with 52 patients in each group. Patients in the observation and control groups received Shexiang Baoxinwan and placebo， respectively， both in combination with conventional Western medication. The dose was 45.0 mg， three times daily， for a total duration of eight weeks. The primary outcome was the Seattle Angina Questionnaire （SAQ） scores before and after treatment. Secondary outcomes included changes in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score， the patient health questionnaire-9 （PHQ-9）， generalized anxiety disorder-7 （GAD-7）， inflammatory markers ［interleukin-18 （IL-18）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， CD40， etc.］， monoamine neurotransmitters ［e.g.， dopamine （DA）］， vascular endothelial function markers ［e.g.， endothelin-1（ET-1）］， adipokines， and ischemia-modified albumin （IMA）. Adverse reactions were also recorded. ResultsA total of 92 patients completed the study， with 44 in the observation group and 48 in the control group. Compared with baseline， both groups showed significant decreases in PHQ-9， GAD-7， and TCM syndrome scores following treatment （P<0.05）， along with a significant increase in SAQ scores （P<0.05）. In the observation group， DA levels were significantly increased （P<0.05）， while levels of IL-18， TNF-α， CD40， ET-1， and IMA were decreased （P<0.05）. In contrast， the control group exhibited significantly increased CD40 levels （P<0.05）. Compared with the control group after treatment， the observation group showed significant improvements in the SAQ dimensions of physical limitation， angina stability， treatment satisfaction， and disease perception， as well as in TCM syndrome score， PHQ-9 score， IL-18， CD40， ET-1， and IMA （P<0.05）. No adverse reactions were observed in either group during treatment. ConclusionShexiang Baoxinwan can improve anxiety and depression， alleviate angina symptoms， and reduce TCM symptoms of Qi stagnation and blood stasis in CAD patients. The mechanism may involve anti-inflammation， improvement of vascular endothelial function， reduction of IMA， and increase of monoamine neurotransmitter levels.

With the widespread application of nuclear technology,the prevention and treatment of radiation damage have become significant issues in the fields of public health and medicine.This article reviews the adverse drug reactions and their monitoring for radioprotective drugs,and discusses their post-marketing re-evaluation in terms of safety,efficacy,economics,and quality standards.Research indicates that while there is a wide variety of radioprotective drugs,safety concerns are prevalent.Future efforts should focus on strengthening the monitoring and management of adverse drug reactions,optimizing drug safety,and exploring the potential of combined drug applications through multidisciplinary collaboration to enhance anti-radiation efficacy.

In the general population, obesity (high BMI) is often considered as an important risk factor for many diseases and premature death. However, in patients with a certain disease, the risk of death in people with obesity was lower than that in people with normal weight. This abnormal correlation has caused widespread discussion, and different explanations have been given by physiology and epidemiology. Based on causal inference theory, this study used directed acyclic graphs to introduce the collision bias (also called collision-stratification bias). Through example demonstrations, this study explored whether and why the abnormal correlation between obesity and higher survival rates in patients with hyperglycemia exists. Finally, it was concluded that this abnormal correlation among patients with a certain disease (e.g., hyperglycemia in the current analysis) was partly or even totally caused by collider bias.

In the general population, obesity (high BMI) is often considered as an important risk factor for many diseases and premature death. However, in patients with a certain disease, the risk of death in people with obesity was lower than that in people with normal weight. This abnormal correlation has caused widespread discussion, and different explanations have been given by physiology and epidemiology. Based on causal inference theory, this study used directed acyclic graphs to introduce the collision bias (also called collision-stratification bias). Through example demonstrations, this study explored whether and why the abnormal correlation between obesity and higher survival rates in patients with hyperglycemia exists. Finally, it was concluded that this abnormal correlation among patients with a certain disease (e.g., hyperglycemia in the current analysis) was partly or even totally caused by collider bias.

With the widespread application of nuclear technology,the prevention and treatment of radiation damage have become significant issues in the fields of public health and medicine.This article reviews the adverse drug reactions and their monitoring for radioprotective drugs,and discusses their post-marketing re-evaluation in terms of safety,efficacy,economics,and quality standards.Research indicates that while there is a wide variety of radioprotective drugs,safety concerns are prevalent.Future efforts should focus on strengthening the monitoring and management of adverse drug reactions,optimizing drug safety,and exploring the potential of combined drug applications through multidisciplinary collaboration to enhance anti-radiation efficacy.

Mitochondria are the main site of energy metabolism in cardiomyocytes， and at the same time mediate apoptosis and immune response， so mitochondrial dysfunction is closely related to the development of heart failure. Combined with the pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction and heart failure， it is proposed that the mitochondrial function is similar to "sweat pore - collaterals - zang and fu organs"， according to which the treatment of heart failure is based on the theory of "sweat pore - collaterals - zang and fu organs". It is believed that the core mechanism of heart failure is qi deficiency， and qi deficiency leads to the weakness of the sweat pore opening and closing， or even the sweat pore closure， then resulting in qi deficiency and blood stasis， collaterals stagnation fail to flourish， and qi， blood， and body fluids can not infiltrate and nourish zang-fu organs， so that the heart fail to be nourished， and the disease will develop. The treatment should be based on the method of boosting qi and opening sweat pore， using acridity to unblock the collaterals， and invigorating blood and draining water， with medicinal of boosting qi， invigorating blood， and draining water as treatment.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. The development of omics technologies has provided new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of UC. Genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have unveiled the molecular mechanisms and biological characteristics of UC, which are conducive to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Single-cell omics and spatial transcriptomics have further deepened the understanding of cellular heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment. These technologies show great potential in molecular typing, non-invasive diagnosis, early screening, and personalized treatment of UC. This article, in response to the national key strategy, will delve into how omics technologies can drive new developments in the diagnosis and treatment of UC, as well as the application and translation prospects of these technologies in UC.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. The development of omics technologies has provided new perspectives for the diagnosis and treatment of UC. Genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics have unveiled the molecular mechanisms and biological characteristics of UC, which are conducive to the discovery of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Single-cell omics and spatial transcriptomics have further deepened the understanding of cellular heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment. These technologies show great potential in molecular typing, non-invasive diagnosis, early screening, and personalized treatment of UC. This article, in response to the national key strategy, will delve into how omics technologies can drive new developments in the diagnosis and treatment of UC, as well as the application and translation prospects of these technologies in UC.