Autoimmunity and the activation of immune cells are closely related to the occurrence of chronic spontaneous urticaria, while the gut microbiota participates in multiple physiological activities including the regulation of the host's immunity. Gut microbiota in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria has unique structural composition and metabolic features. Gut microbiota imbalance and secondary short-chain fatty acid deficiency may be important causes for the occurrence of the disease and aggravation of inflammation. Studies have shown that probiotics can improve the clinical manifestations of patients with urticaria. This review summarizes the research progress in the correlations of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Autoimmunity and the activation of immune cells are closely related to the occurrence of chronic spontaneous urticaria, while the gut microbiota participates in multiple physiological activities including the regulation of the host's immunity. Gut microbiota in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria has unique structural composition and metabolic features. Gut microbiota imbalance and secondary short-chain fatty acid deficiency may be important causes for the occurrence of the disease and aggravation of inflammation. Studies have shown that probiotics can improve the clinical manifestations of patients with urticaria. This review summarizes the research progress in the correlations of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids with chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and feasibility of standardized nursing training in reducing the incidence rate of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopanography(ERCP) pancreatitis. Methods A total of 521 patients were collected from January 2015 to June 2016 in ERCP therapy as control group.The patients in this group did not have standardized nursing training.A total of 289 patients were selected from July 2016 to April 2017 in ERCP therapy as intervention group.The patients in this group were carried out the standardized nursing training. The incidence of hyperamylasemia and post-ERCP pancreatitis was observed in two groups. Results The incidence of hyperamylasemia and post-ERCP pancreatitis was 12.09%(63/521),7.87%(41/521)in control group,and 7.61% (22/289), 3.11% (9/289) in intervention group,the difference was statistically significant between two groups(χ2=3.972,7.258,P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions The standard nursing training and intraoperative coordination can reduce its risk factors, and to reduce the post-ERCP pancreatitis and hyperamylasemia has important meaning and function.