Objective To explore the structure changes of white matter in the first-episode schizo-phrenic patients with never-medicated(FESZ)and the relationship between facial emotion perception and white matter(WM)integrity.Methods Sixty-three schizophrenic patients and thirty health control subjects underwent diffusion tensor imaging(DTI)scans.Voxel-based analysis was used to compared fractional ani-sotropy(FA)map between the two groups.Correlations were analyzed with pearson relative analysis between impaired facial emotion perception tested by facial emotion categorization(FEC)and severity of symptoms measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Results (1)Compared with controls, FESZ patients showed overall decreased FA in WM of the body of left ventral frontal lobe((MNI(x,y,z):-18,26,-4;t=4.43)),right supramarginal gyrus((MNI(x,y,z):32,-50,26;t=4.27)),left middle oc-cipital gyral((MNI(x,y,z):-26,-60,0;t=4.89)),right middle occipital gyral((MNI(x,y,z):28,-70, 14;t=4.18)),left fusiform gyrus((MNI(x,y,z):-40,-50,0;t=3.92)),left cerebellum anterior lobe ((MNI(x,y,z):-32,-56,-28;t=4.57)),right parahippocampa gyrus1((MNI(x,y,z):32,-10,-14;t=4.16)),right parahippocampa gyrus2((MNI(x,y,z):16,-6,-14;t=4.56)),left anterior cingulate ((MNI(x,y,z):-2,4,-6;t=4.41)),left extra-nuclear((MNI(x,y,z):-2,-10,-6;t=4.44)),right thalamus((MNI(x,y,z):10,-10,2;t=4.20)),left thalamus((MNI(x,y,z):-22,-28,12;t=4.01)), and right caudate((MNI(x,y,z):14,12,8;t=4.87)).(2)Compared with controls,the patients with schizo-phrenia showed a higher shift point and a steeper slope than control subjects in FEC.Correlational analysis re-vealed that the negative correlations were found between the slope and negative factor(r=-0.298,P=0.036),between positive factor and the FA value in WM of the right middle occipital gyral(r=-0.322,P=0.023)and the left middle occipital gyral(r=-0.288,P=0.043),and between the FA value in the left cere-bellum anterior lobe and shift point(r=-0.393,P=0.005),but the positive correlation was found between disorganized/concrete factor and the FA value in the right parahippocampal gyrus(r=0.429,P=0.002).Con-clusions There are extensive microstructural abnormalities in WM of patients with FESZ.Disrupted WM in-tegrity in these regions may constitute a potential neural pathological basis for the facial emotion perception impairments in schizophrenia.

The TNM staging system is an essential standard for cancer treatment and evaluation, and is used to assess a patient''s prog-nosis. Therefore, every update made to the system is of great significance. According to the recently released edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging Manual, several major changes to head and neck cancer staging have been made. In this pa-per, we analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these amendments and offer a direction for making future amendments. Our goal is to provide a brief introduction of recent research on head and neck cancers, which can be used as a reference by clinicians.

Objective To explore facial emotion cognition character and the correlation to frontal lobe white matter fiber tracts in first-episode of schizophrenia patients in comparison with healthy control.Method The diffusion tensor imaging data were obtained from 56 patients with untreated first-episode schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls subjects.Fiber tracking was performed in the whole cerebral cortex of brain.The parameter of impairment white matter fiber tracts were obtained,such as fractional anisotropy,mean diffusivity,radial diffusivity,axial diffusivity.Computer-based facial emotion cognition test was used to evaluate difference of facial emotion identification.The correlation between ability of identifying ambiguous emotion and the parameter of impairment white matter fiber tracts,and the correlation between ability of identifying ambiguous emotion and PANSS scale were explored by linear correlation analysis.Result (1) Between patients and healthy control,there was no significant difference in the proportion of recognition as happy emotion to mixture of 50％ happy emotion plus 50％ angry emotion.In patients group,the number of regarding 100％ happy emotion plus 0 angry emotion (9.96±2.42) and regarding 75％ happy emotion plus 25％ angry emotion (9.91 ± 2.33) both as happy emotion were significantly lower than the healthy control (11.40 ± 1.48,11.30± 1.44;t=-3.332,-3.325;all P＜0.01).The number of regarding 25％ happy emotion and 75％ angry emotion as happy emotion(2.24±2.57),and the number of regarding 0 happy emotion and 100％ angry emotion as happy emotion(1.78 ± 2.66) were higher than healthy control(0.83 ± 2.21,0.70±2.02;t=2.537,2.056;P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The total response time for all images on screen was significantly longer than healthy control(t=6.441,P＜0.01).(2)There are five relative serious fiber tracts impaired.Patients with schizophrenia were demonstrated lower activation in right dorsolateral frontal gyru,right inferior frontal operculum,right medial frontal gyrus,left precentral gyrus,left olfactory cortex (t=-2.993 0-2.830 0,P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),in comparison with healthy controls,except FA value of right inferior frontal operculum and AD value of left precentral gyrus were found higher in patients group.(3) There was no correlation between identifying facial emotion and PANSS.(4)The correlation between identifying ambiguous emotion and the parameter of impairment or white matter fiber tracts was explored by linear correlation analysis,which found FA value of left precentral gyrus positively correlated to the number of identifying happy emotion from 25％ happy emotion plus 75％ angry emotion (r=0.362,P=0.007),and from 0 happy emotion plus 100％ angry emotion (r=0.476,P=0.000).Conclusion This study suggests that schizophrenia patients could not identify facial emotion accurately and their white matter fiber tracts in the frontal lobe are damaged significantly.The impairment of facial emotion recognition is correlated with the abnormality of white matter fiber tracts.

Objective To explore facial emotion cognition character and the correlation to frontal lobe white matter fiber tracts in first-episode of schizophrenia patients in comparison with healthy control.Method The diffusion tensor imaging data were obtained from 56 patients with untreated first-episode schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls subjects.Fiber tracking was performed in the whole cerebral cortex of brain.The parameter of impairment white matter fiber tracts were obtained,such as fractional anisotropy,mean diffusivity,radial diffusivity,axial diffusivity.Computer-based facial emotion cognition test was used to evaluate difference of facial emotion identification.The correlation between ability of identifying ambiguous emotion and the parameter of impairment white matter fiber tracts,and the correlation between ability of identifying ambiguous emotion and PANSS scale were explored by linear correlation analysis.Result (1) Between patients and healthy control,there was no significant difference in the proportion of recognition as happy emotion to mixture of 50％ happy emotion plus 50％ angry emotion.In patients group,the number of regarding 100％ happy emotion plus 0 angry emotion (9.96±2.42) and regarding 75％ happy emotion plus 25％ angry emotion (9.91 ± 2.33) both as happy emotion were significantly lower than the healthy control (11.40 ± 1.48,11.30± 1.44;t=-3.332,-3.325;all P＜0.01).The number of regarding 25％ happy emotion and 75％ angry emotion as happy emotion(2.24±2.57),and the number of regarding 0 happy emotion and 100％ angry emotion as happy emotion(1.78 ± 2.66) were higher than healthy control(0.83 ± 2.21,0.70±2.02;t=2.537,2.056;P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The total response time for all images on screen was significantly longer than healthy control(t=6.441,P＜0.01).(2)There are five relative serious fiber tracts impaired.Patients with schizophrenia were demonstrated lower activation in right dorsolateral frontal gyru,right inferior frontal operculum,right medial frontal gyrus,left precentral gyrus,left olfactory cortex (t=-2.993 0-2.830 0,P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),in comparison with healthy controls,except FA value of right inferior frontal operculum and AD value of left precentral gyrus were found higher in patients group.(3) There was no correlation between identifying facial emotion and PANSS.(4)The correlation between identifying ambiguous emotion and the parameter of impairment or white matter fiber tracts was explored by linear correlation analysis,which found FA value of left precentral gyrus positively correlated to the number of identifying happy emotion from 25％ happy emotion plus 75％ angry emotion (r=0.362,P=0.007),and from 0 happy emotion plus 100％ angry emotion (r=0.476,P=0.000).Conclusion This study suggests that schizophrenia patients could not identify facial emotion accurately and their white matter fiber tracts in the frontal lobe are damaged significantly.The impairment of facial emotion recognition is correlated with the abnormality of white matter fiber tracts.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of chronic stress on hippocampal neurogenesis.MethodsChronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) was used as animal model to provoke a decrease of neurogenesis in hippocampus.Simultaneously,hippocampal neurogenesis was monitored by assessing cell proliferation,survival,and differentiation.All rats were divided into control group,14 d CUMS group,28 d CUMS group.ResultsThe cell proliferation in 14d CUMS group(2254.17 ± 164.41 ) or 28d CUMS( 1900.33 ± 104.10) group were decreased contrast to the control (2919.50 ± 188.80) (P＜0.01).The cell survival in 28 d CUMS group ( 1845.33± 126.88 ) were decreased contrast to the control (2404.50 ± 148.77 ) (P ＜ 0.01 ).The cell differentiation had no difference between control group and CUMS group( NeuN/BrdU(71.63 ± 10.21 ) vs (69.11 ± 11.30),GFAP/BrdU ( 14.34 ± 2.03 ) vs ( 17.27 ± 2.93 ) ) (P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionThese results suggest that chronic stress decreases cell proliferation and survival,but does not affect the phenotype of newborn cells in the hippocampus.