ObjectiveTo identify the pathogen species responsible for the wilt disease of Tetradium ruticarpum in Chongqing， investigate there biological characteristics， and screen effective fungicides， so as to provide a theoretical basis for disease control in production. MethodsThe pathogen was isolated via the tissue culture method. Pathogenicity was verified according to Koch's postulates. The pathogen was identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. The mycelial growth rate method was used for biological characterization of the pathogen and fungicide screening. ResultsThe pathogen colonies were nearly circular with irregular edges， white， short， velvety aerial hyphae， and pale purple undersides. Macroconidia were colorless， sickle-shaped， with 3-5 septa， while microconidia were transparent， elliptical， aseptate or with 1-2 septa. Multi-gene phylogenetic analysis showed that the pathogen clustered in the same clade as Fusarium fujikuroi with 100% support， which， combined with morphological characteristics， identified the pathogen causing wilt of T. ruticarpum in Chongqing as F. fujikuroi. The optimal conditions for the mycelial growth of F. fujikuroi were mung bean agar （MBA） with glucose as the carbon source， beef extract and yeast powder as nitrogen sources， 28 ℃， pH 7.0， and alternating light/dark conditions. The optimal conditions for sporulation were potato dextrose agar （PDA） with glucose as the carbon source， beef extract as the nitrogen source， 28 ℃， pH 7.0， and complete darkness. Among chemical fungicides， phenazine-1-carboxylic acid exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on F. fujikuroi. Shenqinmycin and tetramycin were the most effective bio-fungicides. ConclusionThis study is the first to report F. fujikuroi as the causal agent of wilt disease in T. rutaecarpa. The chemical fungicide phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and the bio-fungicides shenqinmycin and tetramycin showed strong inhibitory effects against F. fujikuroi.

Objective: To explore the feasibility, precision, and clinical value of a personalized primary repair approach centered on digital design, integrating 3D printing technology with multiple materials such as titanium mesh, polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and titanium plates, for complex craniofacial bone defects involving the skull, mandible, orbit, and zygoma resulting from traffic accidents, providing a reference for primary repair of clinically complex craniofacial bone defects. Methods: One patient who was admitted in September 2021 with multiple comminuted fractures of the right craniomaxillofacial region and large-area bone defects caused by a traffic accident was selected. Digital design was integrated throughout the entire repair process. First, preoperative computed tomography (CT) data were used for 3D reconstruction of the craniomaxillofacial region; then, based on the model, the anatomical contour of the healthy left side was reproduced via mirroring technology for the defects on the right side. A targeted repair plan was designed: 3D-printed PEEK material was used to reconstruct the right orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary complex, a 0.6-mm-thick titanium mesh was adopted to repair the right skull defect, and a 2.0-mm-thick titanium plate was applied for rigid internal fixation of the mandibular fracture. A one-stage repair surgery was completed simultaneously. In addition, a literature review was conducted on studies related to the repair of complex combined craniomaxillofacial defects. Results: CT examination at 1 week postoperatively showed that the average fitting gap of the implants was 0.3 mm, and the symmetry difference of the facial contour was less than 5 mm. At 3 months postoperatively, the patient’s maximum mouth opening reached 38 mm, the occlusal relationship returned to normal, and the diplopia symptom completely disappeared. During the 6-month postoperative follow-up, no complications such as implant loosening, infection, or displacement occurred; the FACE-Q scale score was 91, indicating a high level of subjective patient satisfaction. The literature review indicated that digital design combined with 3D printing technology can significantly improve the accuracy of complex craniomaxillofacial bone defect reconstruction. PEEK material is suitable for the reconstruction of the orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary complex. Titanium mesh and plates can ensure the stability of the reconstruction. Multi-materials combined reconstruction represents an important therapeutic strategy for such defects. Conclusion The individualized one-stage repair scheme, centered on digital design and combined with 3D printing technology and multi-materials (titanium mesh, PEEK, and titanium plates), can achieve precise anatomical reduction and simultaneous functional recovery for complex combined craniomaxillofacial bone defects caused by traffic accidents.

Objective To investigate the functional changes of dendritic cells(DCs)in patients at different stages of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and analyze the mechanisms underlying DC dysfunction.Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing dataset GSE182159 was downloaded from the GEO database and classified into healthy control(HC),immune active(IA),and immune tolerant(IT)groups based on infection stage.Peripheral blood samples were collected from 7 IA patients,7 IT patients,and 12 healthy controls.Flow cytometry was used to isolate classical dendritic cells(cDC)and plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDC).The expression levels of transcription factors in cDC and pDC were measured by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).Bioinformatics analyses were per-formed using R and Python package.Results The proportions of DCs in IA and IT groups were higher than that in HC group.Func-tional enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of cDCs in the IA group were primarily enriched for the processes,such as inflammatory response,MHC classⅡantigen processing and presentation,cell migration,signal transduction,metabolism,and immune response.In contrast the IT group exhibited lower enrichment intensity and a significant reduction in interfer-on responses.The DEGs of pDC in the IA group were enriched in the processes of MHC-Ⅱantigen presentation,Fc receptor signal transduction,and metabolism,whereas those in the IT group were showed enrichment only in Fc receptor signal transduction and me-tabolism with a lower intensity.Both groups exhibited reduced synthesis of typesⅠandⅡinterferons in pDC,with the IT group showing a more pronounced downregulation.Cell-cell communication analysis demonstrated enhanced interactions between myeloid cells(except pDC)and T cells in the IA group,whereas the interactions between cDC/pDC and T cells in the IT group were reduced.Transcription factor analysis revealed that STAT2,STAT3,IRF1,and IRF5 were highly expressed in the IA group but their expression exhibited low-er expression levels in the IT group.In contrast,BHLHE40 was broadly upregulated in both cDC and pDC subsets within the IT group.The qRT-PCR results were consistent with the findings from the single-cell transcription factor analysis.Conclusion The IT phase of hepatitis B infection represents a critical period for cDC dysfunction,characterized by significant suppression of MHCⅡantigen presen-tation,metabolism,and interferon responsiveness.The functional impairment of pDC precedes that of cDC,as evidenced by a marked downregulation of interferon synthesis capacity observed during the IA phase.

Post-stroke depression is a common complication after stroke,which seriously affects the quality of life and clinical prognosis of stroke patients.Acupuncture therapy for post-stroke depression has been proven effective.This article reviewed recent clinical studies on acupuncture therapy for post-stroke depression from the perspectives of pure acupuncture therapy,electroacupuncture therapy,head acupuncture therapy,auricular acupuncture therapy,and comprehensive therapy.The acupoint selection focused on the Governor Vessel,combined with the acupoints of the bladder meridian,liver meridian and pericardium meridian.The comprehensive therapy combined acupuncture with Chinese materia medica,moxibustion,music therapy and rehabilitation training is currently the main treatment approach.Further analysis on the shortcomings of the field could provide references for clinical protocols and mechanism research of acupuncture therapy for post-stroke depression.

Post-stroke depression is a common complication after stroke,which seriously affects the quality of life and clinical prognosis of stroke patients.Acupuncture therapy for post-stroke depression has been proven effective.This article reviewed recent clinical studies on acupuncture therapy for post-stroke depression from the perspectives of pure acupuncture therapy,electroacupuncture therapy,head acupuncture therapy,auricular acupuncture therapy,and comprehensive therapy.The acupoint selection focused on the Governor Vessel,combined with the acupoints of the bladder meridian,liver meridian and pericardium meridian.The comprehensive therapy combined acupuncture with Chinese materia medica,moxibustion,music therapy and rehabilitation training is currently the main treatment approach.Further analysis on the shortcomings of the field could provide references for clinical protocols and mechanism research of acupuncture therapy for post-stroke depression.

Objective To summarise the best evidence on non-pharmacological management in children and to provide evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice.Methods With the 6S evidence pyramid model,a comprehensive and systematic search across multiple databases was conducted,including UpToDate,BMJ Best Practice,Joanna Briggs Institute of Australia's Centre for Evidence-based Health Care Database(JBI),National Guideline Clearing-house(NGC),Guidelines International Network(GIN),The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE)website,Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network(SIGN),American Dental Association,Canadian Dental Association,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Embase,PubMed,SinoMed,CNKI and Wanfang Data.The search focused on literature pertaining to the improvement of non-pharmacological strategies for compliance with paediatric oral treatment,encompassing clinical decisions,evidence summaries,clinical guidelines,systematic reviews,expert consensus,best practices,and randomised controlled trials.The literature search encompassed all available publications from the inception of databases up to 5th November,2023.A quality assessment of the literature was independently conducted by four researchers trained by evidence-based nursing courses,while evidence extraction and summarisation were handled by two researchers.Results A total of 16 papers were included,comprising 2 clinical decisions,2 evidence summaries,3 guidelines,5 systematic evaluations,1 best practice,2 expert consensus and 1 randomised controlled trial.Nineteen pieces of evidence were extracted and classified into six categories:outpatient setting,assessment and management of children,pre-treatment non-pharmacological management,in-treatment non-pharmacological management,post-treatment non-pharmacological management and training and assessment.Conclusion This study summarises the best evidences for non-pharmacological management aiming to improve the oral treatment compliance in children.Healthcare providers can facilitate the translation of this evidence into clinical practice by considering the specific clinical context as well as factors such as the age and psychological characteristics of children.

Objective To investigate the functional changes of dendritic cells(DCs)in patients at different stages of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection and analyze the mechanisms underlying DC dysfunction.Methods Single-cell RNA sequencing dataset GSE182159 was downloaded from the GEO database and classified into healthy control(HC),immune active(IA),and immune tolerant(IT)groups based on infection stage.Peripheral blood samples were collected from 7 IA patients,7 IT patients,and 12 healthy controls.Flow cytometry was used to isolate classical dendritic cells(cDC)and plasmacytoid dendritic cells(pDC).The expression levels of transcription factors in cDC and pDC were measured by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR).Bioinformatics analyses were per-formed using R and Python package.Results The proportions of DCs in IA and IT groups were higher than that in HC group.Func-tional enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)of cDCs in the IA group were primarily enriched for the processes,such as inflammatory response,MHC classⅡantigen processing and presentation,cell migration,signal transduction,metabolism,and immune response.In contrast the IT group exhibited lower enrichment intensity and a significant reduction in interfer-on responses.The DEGs of pDC in the IA group were enriched in the processes of MHC-Ⅱantigen presentation,Fc receptor signal transduction,and metabolism,whereas those in the IT group were showed enrichment only in Fc receptor signal transduction and me-tabolism with a lower intensity.Both groups exhibited reduced synthesis of typesⅠandⅡinterferons in pDC,with the IT group showing a more pronounced downregulation.Cell-cell communication analysis demonstrated enhanced interactions between myeloid cells(except pDC)and T cells in the IA group,whereas the interactions between cDC/pDC and T cells in the IT group were reduced.Transcription factor analysis revealed that STAT2,STAT3,IRF1,and IRF5 were highly expressed in the IA group but their expression exhibited low-er expression levels in the IT group.In contrast,BHLHE40 was broadly upregulated in both cDC and pDC subsets within the IT group.The qRT-PCR results were consistent with the findings from the single-cell transcription factor analysis.Conclusion The IT phase of hepatitis B infection represents a critical period for cDC dysfunction,characterized by significant suppression of MHCⅡantigen presen-tation,metabolism,and interferon responsiveness.The functional impairment of pDC precedes that of cDC,as evidenced by a marked downregulation of interferon synthesis capacity observed during the IA phase.

Objective To organize a nationwide interlaboratory comparison for measurement of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water, and improve the laboratory analysis of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water. Methods A unified comparison protocol was developed by the organizers. The groundwater with high natural radioactivity was used as water sample and distributed randomly to the participating laboratories. The participating laboratories used routine analytical methods to measure the samples and provided information such as analytical results, original records, and test reports. The results were evaluated using z-score. Results A total of 76 laboratories participated in the comparison, all employing the evaporation concentration-α/β counting method. Among them, 69 laboratories achieved |z| ≤ 2 for both gross α and gross β radioactivity measurements, and 32 laboratories achieved |z| ≤ 0.50 for both gross α and gross β radioactivity measurements. There were 69 laboratories with qualified results and 30 laboratories with excellent results, yielding a qualified rate of 90.8% and an excellent rate of 39.5%. Seven laboratories showed unqualified results and the unqualified rate was 9.2%. Conclusion Most laboratories have the ability to analyze gross α and gross β radioactivity in water. The main reasons for the deviation in comparison results are calibration efficiency, errors in the total residue mass caused by improper water sample processing operations. By analyzing the main technical problems existed in unqualified laboratories, their ability for measurement of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water has been improved.

OBJECTIVE: The investigation of the correlation between ecological factors and the genetic characteristics or metabolites of plants offers valuable insights into the regional causes of genetic and metabolic diversity. Here, Gastrodia elata, a medicinal plant, is employed as a model to explore the environmental factors that influence its genetic characteristics and metabolic accumulations. METHODS: A total of 23 G. elata populations from six cultispecies and 11 cultivated regions were selected based on the predictions of the global geographic information system. The genetic characteristics of these populations were evaluated using highly polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers. Additionally, the metabolic accumulations and antioxidant capacity of mature tubers were measured employing colorimetry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Ecological data of each region were obtained from the WorldClim-global climate database and harmonized world soil database. To assess the influence of ecological factors on the genetic characteristics and metabolic profiles of G. elata, Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Genetic variation among G. elata populations exceeded that within populations. Genetic diverisity, distance and structure manifested regional and species-specific patterns. Metabolic profiling and antioxidant capacity exhibited regional variations. Notably, the Lueyang region demonstrated that a content range of total polysaccharide, total protein, and phenolic glycosides was 9.34%-189.67% higher than the average. Similarly, in the Hubei region, total phenolic content, p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol content, and antioxidant indicators were observed to be higher than the average levels, by 106.57%, 136.47% and 12.50%-91.14%, respectively. Furthermore, ecological factors had a significant comprehensive impact on G. elata genetic characteristics (r > 0.256 and P < 0.05). Multivariate metabolite accumulations in G. elata were influenced by dominant ecological factors. Temperature notably impacted the accumulation of total protein (|r| > 0.528 and P < 0.05). Moisture, encompassing precipitation and soil content, significantly affected the production of phenolic glycosides (|r| > 0.503 and P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The genetic characteristics of G. elata manifested regional and species-specific patterns, with the metabolic accumulations and antioxidant capacity of mature tubers exhibited regional variations. Specifically, multivariate ecological factors comprehensively influenced genetic characteristics. Temperature and moisture played pivotal roles in regulating the accumulations of proteins and phenolic glycosides, respectively. These findings underscore the significant impact of ecological factors on the shaping of G. elata, highlighting their crucial role in enhancing the quality of Chinese medicinal materials.

Guanylate binding protein subunit β-2(GNB2)is an important part of G protein family.In the process of cell signal transduction,GNB2 plays a structural support and regulatory role in G protein complex,ensuring the correct transmission and amplification of signals,interacting with receptors and regulating vari-ous effector enzymes and ion channels,and mediating a variety of physiological functions.Therefore,GNB2 plays a key role in cell signaling,and participates in the regulation of cell proliferation,differentiation and mi-gration and other biological processes.This article reviews the research progress of GNB2,focusing on its structure,function,regulatory mechanism,disease correlation and importance in tumor research.