Aim To investigates whether sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)regulates the expression of mitochon-drial calcium uniporter(MCU)via the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor/proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2(S1PR/Pyk2)sig-naling pathway,thereby reducing oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage and inhibiting mitochondria-related apopto-sis.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)were subjected to oxidative damage using hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)as a model.Different concentrations of S1P were applied to the oxidative damaged HUVEC.Addi-tionally,the S1PR1 agonist SEW2871,the S1PR1 inhibitor W146,and the Pyk2 inhibitor PF-562271 were used to explore the specific mechanism of S1P action.Results S1P treatment significantly alleviated oxidative damage in HUVEC and was accompanied by an increase in S1PR1 expression(P<0.05),while S1PR3 expression remained unchanged.Mean-while,the expression levels of Pyk2 and MCU decreased(P<0.05).SEW2871 further reduced mitochondrial damage,whereas W146 exacerbated it(P<0.05).Furthermore,the application of the Pyk2 inhibitor PF-562271 also reduced H2O2-induced mitochondrial damage(P<0.05),further confirming the role of Pyk2 in this process.Conclusion S1P reduces H2O2-induced mitochondrial damage and inhibits mitochondria-related apoptosis in HUVEC by suppressing Pyk2 expression via S1PR1.

Aim To investigates whether sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)regulates the expression of mitochon-drial calcium uniporter(MCU)via the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor/proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2(S1PR/Pyk2)sig-naling pathway,thereby reducing oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage and inhibiting mitochondria-related apopto-sis.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)were subjected to oxidative damage using hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)as a model.Different concentrations of S1P were applied to the oxidative damaged HUVEC.Addi-tionally,the S1PR1 agonist SEW2871,the S1PR1 inhibitor W146,and the Pyk2 inhibitor PF-562271 were used to explore the specific mechanism of S1P action.Results S1P treatment significantly alleviated oxidative damage in HUVEC and was accompanied by an increase in S1PR1 expression(P<0.05),while S1PR3 expression remained unchanged.Mean-while,the expression levels of Pyk2 and MCU decreased(P<0.05).SEW2871 further reduced mitochondrial damage,whereas W146 exacerbated it(P<0.05).Furthermore,the application of the Pyk2 inhibitor PF-562271 also reduced H2O2-induced mitochondrial damage(P<0.05),further confirming the role of Pyk2 in this process.Conclusion S1P reduces H2O2-induced mitochondrial damage and inhibits mitochondria-related apoptosis in HUVEC by suppressing Pyk2 expression via S1PR1.

Objective To investigate the association between cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)oligoclonal band(OCB)positivity and clinical manifestations in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD).Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients with NMOSD treated at our hospital from May 2019 to January 2024 was conducted.Based on OCB test results,patients were categorized into OCB-positive and OCB-negative groups.We compared baseline characteristics between the two groups and analyzed the relationship between clinical features and OCB positivity.Results This study included a total of 62 patients,comprising 17 in the OCB+group and 45 in the OCB-group.Compared with the OCB-group,patients in the OCB+group exhibited more pronounced central nervous system inflammatory features.Specifically,OCB+group had significantly higher proportions of patients with cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell counts>8×10?/L(64.7%vs.26.7%,P=0.003)and elevated immunoglobulin indices(0.72 vs.0.61,P=0.037).Additionally,the OCB+group exhibited more complex and diverse clinical presentations.Specifically,this group showed a higher incidence of mild consciousness impairment during the acute phase(P=0.005)and a greater tendency to present with multiple core symptoms(≥3 core symptoms)occurring concurrently(52.9%vs.20.0%,P=0.025)and misdiagnosis(29.4%vs.8.9%,P=0.101).This was particularly notable when comparing to acute myelitis involving the cervical spinal cord(82.4%vs.53.3%,P=0.036)and acute diencephalic syndrome[41.2%vs.6.7%,P=0.004,including hyponatremia(35.3%vs.8.9%,P=0.033)].Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that OCB positivity(OR=3.895,95%CI:1.065-14.249)was significantly associated with the presence of multiple core symptoms.Conclusion In acute-phase NMOSD patients,OCB+is associated with significantly higher rates of co-occurrence of multiple core symptoms(≥3 core symptoms)and misdiagnosis.Notably,acute myelitis involving the cervical spinal cord and acute diencephalic clinical syndrome are particularly prevalent in this OCB+subgroup.The clinical manifestations are complex and diverse,suggesting the need for enhanced clinical identification and timely intervention.

Objective:To explore the relationship between intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods:From December 2023 to June 2024, 85 patients with UC from the Gastroenterology Department of the Luquan branch of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled. The lactulose hydrogen-methane breath test was performed to assess the prevalence of SIBO. Clinical data, including basic information, clinical manifestations, endoscopic manifestations, inflammatory indicators, current medication regimen, and past medical history, were collected. Furthermore, the body mass index (BMI), modified Mayo score, and patient-reported outcome (PRO2) score were calculated to evaluate disease activity in each patient. The Student′s t-test, Chi-square test, non-parametric test, and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data and explore the relationship between SIBO and UC. Results:The incidence of abdominal pain and bloating in patients who were SIBO positive with UC was higher than in those who were SIBO negative [abdominal pain: 50.0%(10/20) vs. 23.1%(15/65), χ2=5.34, P=0.021; abdominal distension: 40.0% (8/20) vs. 13.8% (9/65), χ2=5.01, P=0.025]; the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Patients who were SIBO positive with UC were more likely to develop hypoproteinemia and anemia than those who were SIBO negative [hypoproteinemia: 50.0% (10/20) vs. 15.4% (10/65), χ2=8.35, P=0.004; anemia: 35.0% (7/20) vs. 9.2% (6/65), χ2=5.98, P=0.014]; the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the intestinal methanogen overgrowth (IMO) positive group, the number of patients with UC with 1-2 stool times/day was higher, and the distribution of stool times between the IMO positive and IMO negative groups was significantly different ( χ2=6.45, P=0.040). Furthermore, combined hypoproteinemia and anemia were risk factors for SIBO in patients with UC (hypoproteinemia OR=4.331, 95% CI 1.117-16.799, P=0.034; anemia OR=5.515, 95% CI 1.231-24.700, P=0.026). Conclusions:We observed a clinical overlap between SIBO and UC. SIBO could be targeted to optimize the treatment of patients with UC in the future.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of stellate ganglion block(SGB)combined with nicergoline in patients with dysphagia after stroke.Methods A total of 104 patients with dysphagia after stroke were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group.The observation group was treated with niergoline and SGB,while the control group received functional electrical stimulation.The total effective rate,swallowing condition,inflammatory factor level and adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rate was significantly higher in the observation group(92.31%)than that of the control group(73.08%,P＜0.05).The level of interleukin-6(IL-6),the standardized swallowing assessment(SSA)score and the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The Mann swallowing ability assessment scale(MASA)score was significantly higher in the observation group than that of the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in adverse reactions such as glottis closure and laryngeal spasm between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The combined treatment of SGB and nicergoline can effectively improve swallowing function in patients with dysphagia after stroke,with good safety,ideal results and high clinical application value.

Objective To investigate the association between cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)oligoclonal band(OCB)positivity and clinical manifestations in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD).Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data from patients with NMOSD treated at our hospital from May 2019 to January 2024 was conducted.Based on OCB test results,patients were categorized into OCB-positive and OCB-negative groups.We compared baseline characteristics between the two groups and analyzed the relationship between clinical features and OCB positivity.Results This study included a total of 62 patients,comprising 17 in the OCB+group and 45 in the OCB-group.Compared with the OCB-group,patients in the OCB+group exhibited more pronounced central nervous system inflammatory features.Specifically,OCB+group had significantly higher proportions of patients with cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell counts>8×10?/L(64.7%vs.26.7%,P=0.003)and elevated immunoglobulin indices(0.72 vs.0.61,P=0.037).Additionally,the OCB+group exhibited more complex and diverse clinical presentations.Specifically,this group showed a higher incidence of mild consciousness impairment during the acute phase(P=0.005)and a greater tendency to present with multiple core symptoms(≥3 core symptoms)occurring concurrently(52.9%vs.20.0%,P=0.025)and misdiagnosis(29.4%vs.8.9%,P=0.101).This was particularly notable when comparing to acute myelitis involving the cervical spinal cord(82.4%vs.53.3%,P=0.036)and acute diencephalic syndrome[41.2%vs.6.7%,P=0.004,including hyponatremia(35.3%vs.8.9%,P=0.033)].Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that OCB positivity(OR=3.895,95%CI:1.065-14.249)was significantly associated with the presence of multiple core symptoms.Conclusion In acute-phase NMOSD patients,OCB+is associated with significantly higher rates of co-occurrence of multiple core symptoms(≥3 core symptoms)and misdiagnosis.Notably,acute myelitis involving the cervical spinal cord and acute diencephalic clinical syndrome are particularly prevalent in this OCB+subgroup.The clinical manifestations are complex and diverse,suggesting the need for enhanced clinical identification and timely intervention.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of stellate ganglion block(SGB)combined with nicergoline in patients with dysphagia after stroke.Methods A total of 104 patients with dysphagia after stroke were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group.The observation group was treated with niergoline and SGB,while the control group received functional electrical stimulation.The total effective rate,swallowing condition,inflammatory factor level and adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the total effective rate was significantly higher in the observation group(92.31%)than that of the control group(73.08%,P＜0.05).The level of interleukin-6(IL-6),the standardized swallowing assessment(SSA)score and the level of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)were significantly lower in the observation group than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The Mann swallowing ability assessment scale(MASA)score was significantly higher in the observation group than that of the control group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in adverse reactions such as glottis closure and laryngeal spasm between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The combined treatment of SGB and nicergoline can effectively improve swallowing function in patients with dysphagia after stroke,with good safety,ideal results and high clinical application value.

Objective:To explore the relationship between intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) and ulcerative colitis (UC).Methods:From December 2023 to June 2024, 85 patients with UC from the Gastroenterology Department of the Luquan branch of the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were enrolled. The lactulose hydrogen-methane breath test was performed to assess the prevalence of SIBO. Clinical data, including basic information, clinical manifestations, endoscopic manifestations, inflammatory indicators, current medication regimen, and past medical history, were collected. Furthermore, the body mass index (BMI), modified Mayo score, and patient-reported outcome (PRO2) score were calculated to evaluate disease activity in each patient. The Student′s t-test, Chi-square test, non-parametric test, and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data and explore the relationship between SIBO and UC. Results:The incidence of abdominal pain and bloating in patients who were SIBO positive with UC was higher than in those who were SIBO negative [abdominal pain: 50.0%(10/20) vs. 23.1%(15/65), χ2=5.34, P=0.021; abdominal distension: 40.0% (8/20) vs. 13.8% (9/65), χ2=5.01, P=0.025]; the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Patients who were SIBO positive with UC were more likely to develop hypoproteinemia and anemia than those who were SIBO negative [hypoproteinemia: 50.0% (10/20) vs. 15.4% (10/65), χ2=8.35, P=0.004; anemia: 35.0% (7/20) vs. 9.2% (6/65), χ2=5.98, P=0.014]; the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the intestinal methanogen overgrowth (IMO) positive group, the number of patients with UC with 1-2 stool times/day was higher, and the distribution of stool times between the IMO positive and IMO negative groups was significantly different ( χ2=6.45, P=0.040). Furthermore, combined hypoproteinemia and anemia were risk factors for SIBO in patients with UC (hypoproteinemia OR=4.331, 95% CI 1.117-16.799, P=0.034; anemia OR=5.515, 95% CI 1.231-24.700, P=0.026). Conclusions:We observed a clinical overlap between SIBO and UC. SIBO could be targeted to optimize the treatment of patients with UC in the future.

Damage to organelles plays a significant role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury,which results in the dysfunction of mitochondria and other related organelles.The communication between mitochondria and other organ-elles can also affect the development of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.For instance,the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane provides a"seamless connection"and regulates the exchange of organelles and metabolites(such as ions,lipids and proteins)between the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum,which subse-quently affects myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.However,there is a lack of studies regarding the interaction be-tween mitochondria and related organelles,which is a critical component in triggering myocardial ischemia/reperfusion inju-ry.Therefore,this article describes the role of mitochondrial crosstalk with endoplasmic reticulum,lysosomes and nuclei in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury,and aims to provide a theoretical basis for targeting mitochondrial crosstalk with other organelles in the treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Normal human blood pressure has a certain circadian rhythm,which is high during the day and low at night,and two peaks and one valley of the arytenoid change. The theory of opening-closing-pivot is an essential part of the yin and yang theory in traditional Chinese medicine,which reflects the law of qi movement changes of the three yin and three yang. According to "time to heal six channels" in Shanghan Lun,the opening-closing-pivot of three yin and three yang have their own time. Following certain time laws,the ascending,descending,exiting,and entering of the yin and yang qi movement conform to the circadian rhythm,which is the basis for maintaining the normal circadian rhythm of human blood pressure. Jueyin closing and shaoyang pivot mainly regulate morning blood pressure,whereas yangming closing,taiyin opening,and shaoyin pivot mainly regulate night blood pressure. The opening-closing-pivot of three yin and three yang coordinate and influence each other to maintain the stability of the circadian rhythm of blood pressure. The abnormal opening-closing-pivot can lead to the disturbance of the circadian rhythm of blood pressure,which primarily manifests as early morning hypertension caused by jueyin closing and shaoyang pivot failure,and night hypertension caused by yangming closing,taiyin opening and shaoyin pivot failure. By adjusting the movement of opening-closing-pivot of three yin and three yang,the blood pressure of corresponding period can be regulated. Combined with Western medical research,a new idea and method of regulating the circadian rhythm of blood pressure with traditional Chinese medicine is put forward.