Objective:To develop a method for determining 14C in seafood using a tube combustion furnace (or oxygen bomb combustion devices) coupled with liquid scintillation counting (LSC), in order to accurately determine 14C in seafood. Methods:Four categories of seafood samples (i.e., fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and algae) were collected. They were then subjected to high-temperature oxidation using a tube combustion furnace or oxygen bomb combustion devices to isolate CO 2, followed by an analysis of the radioactivity concentration of 14C using LSC. The combustion conditions were optimized by investigating the heating nodes and rates in the oxidation combustion furnace, and the CO 2 collection conditions were optimized by placing a NaOH absorption solution in the oxygen bomb combustion devices. Additionally, the optimal measurement conditions were determined by comparing the effects of varying scintillation cocktails and the dark adaptation time of two preparation methods, i. e., the adsorption and suspension method. Results:When a tubular combustion furnace was used for oxidation and combustion, the optimal heating rate of the sample pyrolysis temperature zone was determined at 1.5℃/min. In this case, the combustion efficiency of various seafood could reach over 95%. When the oxygen bomb combustion devices were employed, placing NaOH solutions both inside and at the exhaust end increased absorption efficiency by 10% compared to the traditional practice of placing a NaOH solution only at the exhaust end. Samples prepared using the absorption method should be kept in the dark for at least 10 h before measurement using LSC, while samples prepared with the suspension methods should be kept for at least 20 h. The results obtained using two preprocessing devices and two sample preparation method were consistent, with a detection limit of 9.10 Bq/kg (dry samples). Compared to the suspension method (The relative standard deviation of the results obtained by two preprocessing devices were 9.00% and 8.27%), the absorption method (the corresponding relative standard deviation were 3.61% and 3.29%) exhibited higher precision in repeated measurements.Conclusions:The aforementioned pretreatment devices and sample preparation method are suitable for determining 14C in seafood.

Energy metabolism disorders are a critical factor contributing to cognitive dysfunction.Astrocytes,as key suppliers of energy substrates to neurons,help to sustain normal cognitive function via their extensive energy metabolism activities in the brain,coordinated by various energy supply mechanisms.Imbalances in astrocyte-neuron energy metabolism coupling lead to abnormal neuronal activity,thereby driving the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease(AD).It is therefore essential to investigate the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets associated with AD from the perspective of energy metabolism to support the future development of AD treatments and interventions.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),characterized by multi-component and multi-target effects,has shown potential efficacy for regulating cerebral energy metabolism,suggesting that modulating brain energy metabolism may represent a significant pathway by which TCM might ameliorate AD.This review systematically elucidates the mechanistic role of the dysregulation of astrocyte-neuron bioenergetic coupling in the pathogenesis and progression of AD,and critically evaluates recent advancements in therapeutic interventions mediated by TCM.

Resting-state functional MRI(rs-fMRI)is an important tool for non-invasive research of brain function having been widely used in gray matter network function but not in changes of white matter brain function in neurological and psychiatric disorders.Recent studies on white matter function in neuropsychiatric disorders had provided new insights into the mechanisms underlying brain network organization and pathogenesis of brain disorders.The progresses of rs-fMRI research on brain white matter networks in neuropsychiatric diseases were reviewed in this article.

Objective To analyze the modeling and evaluation method for vascular restenosis animal models in the last 10 years,to provide a reference for improving animal models of vascular restenosis.Methods Literature related to vascular restenosis was retrieved from mainstream Chinese and English databases from 2013 to 2023.Data on experimental animal strains,modeling method,modeling cycles,and detection method were extracted from the included literature,and a database was established using Excel for summary analysis.Results Among the 122 identified articles,the main experimental animals were rats,rabbits,and pigs,and most animals were male.The most common modeling method was balloon injury,and the modeling cycle was mainly within 4～8 weeks.The main detection indexes were histopathology,accounting for 37.18％,including routine hematoxylin-eosin,Masson,and Elastica van Gieson(EVG)staining.Conclusions The translatability of porcine vascular restenosis models is currently more in line with expectations,but their cost is high and they are unpopular,and rats and rabbits thus remain the main animal models.Balloon injury is the main mode of modeling.Different animal models and modeling method for vascular restenosis have advantages and disadvantages,and the model should be selected according to the experimental purpose.Animal models of vascular restenosis still have some limitations,however,and better animal models are required in the future.

Objective To analyze the modeling and evaluation method for vascular restenosis animal models in the last 10 years,to provide a reference for improving animal models of vascular restenosis.Methods Literature related to vascular restenosis was retrieved from mainstream Chinese and English databases from 2013 to 2023.Data on experimental animal strains,modeling method,modeling cycles,and detection method were extracted from the included literature,and a database was established using Excel for summary analysis.Results Among the 122 identified articles,the main experimental animals were rats,rabbits,and pigs,and most animals were male.The most common modeling method was balloon injury,and the modeling cycle was mainly within 4～8 weeks.The main detection indexes were histopathology,accounting for 37.18％,including routine hematoxylin-eosin,Masson,and Elastica van Gieson(EVG)staining.Conclusions The translatability of porcine vascular restenosis models is currently more in line with expectations,but their cost is high and they are unpopular,and rats and rabbits thus remain the main animal models.Balloon injury is the main mode of modeling.Different animal models and modeling method for vascular restenosis have advantages and disadvantages,and the model should be selected according to the experimental purpose.Animal models of vascular restenosis still have some limitations,however,and better animal models are required in the future.

Aim To investigates whether sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)regulates the expression of mitochon-drial calcium uniporter(MCU)via the sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor/proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2(S1PR/Pyk2)sig-naling pathway,thereby reducing oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial damage and inhibiting mitochondria-related apopto-sis.Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVEC)were subjected to oxidative damage using hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)as a model.Different concentrations of S1P were applied to the oxidative damaged HUVEC.Addi-tionally,the S1PR1 agonist SEW2871,the S1PR1 inhibitor W146,and the Pyk2 inhibitor PF-562271 were used to explore the specific mechanism of S1P action.Results S1P treatment significantly alleviated oxidative damage in HUVEC and was accompanied by an increase in S1PR1 expression(P<0.05),while S1PR3 expression remained unchanged.Mean-while,the expression levels of Pyk2 and MCU decreased(P<0.05).SEW2871 further reduced mitochondrial damage,whereas W146 exacerbated it(P<0.05).Furthermore,the application of the Pyk2 inhibitor PF-562271 also reduced H2O2-induced mitochondrial damage(P<0.05),further confirming the role of Pyk2 in this process.Conclusion S1P reduces H2O2-induced mitochondrial damage and inhibits mitochondria-related apoptosis in HUVEC by suppressing Pyk2 expression via S1PR1.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a crucial renal replacement therapy for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), offering significant advantages as high flexibility, hemodynamic stability, and high cost-effectiveness. However, prolonged exposure to intra-abdominal dialysate may predispose to the mechanical complication of abdominal external hernia. Abdominal external hernia may lead to various adverse clinical outcomes. In severe cases, it can progress to incarceration or even rupture, ultimately necessitating discontinuation of the therapy. The authors systematically review PD-associated abdominal external hernias, including their clinical landscape, risk factors, surgical treatment strategies and prognostic determinants. They also assess the effects of hernia repair on residual renal function, aiming to provide references for clinical decision-making.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among women worldwide, with an increasing incidence rate year by year, making it a significant public health concern. With the continuous advancement of tumor biology research, N 6-methyladenosine (m 6A) modification, as an important form of RNA modification, has attracted growing attention. The m 6A modification, the most prevalent RNA modification in eukaryotes, occurs in almost all types of RNA and plays a critical role in the occurrence, progression, and metastasis of breast cancer. It influences cell proliferation, apoptosis, and alterations in the tumor microenvironment, though the specific mechanisms underlying these effects require further in-depth investigation. Moreover, the specific patterns of m 6A modification demonstrate its potential as a novel biomarker for breast cancer, which could provide new directions for early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation.

Objective:To develop a method for determining 14C in seafood using a tube combustion furnace (or oxygen bomb combustion devices) coupled with liquid scintillation counting (LSC), in order to accurately determine 14C in seafood. Methods:Four categories of seafood samples (i.e., fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and algae) were collected. They were then subjected to high-temperature oxidation using a tube combustion furnace or oxygen bomb combustion devices to isolate CO 2, followed by an analysis of the radioactivity concentration of 14C using LSC. The combustion conditions were optimized by investigating the heating nodes and rates in the oxidation combustion furnace, and the CO 2 collection conditions were optimized by placing a NaOH absorption solution in the oxygen bomb combustion devices. Additionally, the optimal measurement conditions were determined by comparing the effects of varying scintillation cocktails and the dark adaptation time of two preparation methods, i. e., the adsorption and suspension method. Results:When a tubular combustion furnace was used for oxidation and combustion, the optimal heating rate of the sample pyrolysis temperature zone was determined at 1.5℃/min. In this case, the combustion efficiency of various seafood could reach over 95%. When the oxygen bomb combustion devices were employed, placing NaOH solutions both inside and at the exhaust end increased absorption efficiency by 10% compared to the traditional practice of placing a NaOH solution only at the exhaust end. Samples prepared using the absorption method should be kept in the dark for at least 10 h before measurement using LSC, while samples prepared with the suspension methods should be kept for at least 20 h. The results obtained using two preprocessing devices and two sample preparation method were consistent, with a detection limit of 9.10 Bq/kg (dry samples). Compared to the suspension method (The relative standard deviation of the results obtained by two preprocessing devices were 9.00% and 8.27%), the absorption method (the corresponding relative standard deviation were 3.61% and 3.29%) exhibited higher precision in repeated measurements.Conclusions:The aforementioned pretreatment devices and sample preparation method are suitable for determining 14C in seafood.

Objective:To investigate the changes in brain functional network and structural-functional network coupling in children with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE), and to analyze their correlation with cognitive function, disease duration, and age of onset.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study. Clinical and imaging data of 19 children with DRE who received consultation and treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from August 2021 to August 2023 (DRE group) were prospectively included. Another 27 age-and sex-matched healthy children were collected as the healthy control group. All subjects had 3D-T 1WI, T 2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans and Wechsler Intelligence Scale assessments. Independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the global and local topological attributes, as well as the structural-functional coupling (SFC) values at the whole brain and modular levels in two groups. Correlations between abnormal resting state brain functional network indicators and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale score [verbal comprehension index (VCI), perceptual reasoning index (PRI), working memory index (WMI), processing speed index (PSI), full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ)], disease duration and age of onset was evaluated using a Spearman or Pearson correlation analysis. Results:Compared to the healthy control group, DRE group exhibited decreased VCI, PRI, WMI, PSI, FSIQ and the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). Both brain functional networks had small world attributes. There was a statistically significant difference in the area under the curve of sparsity of degree centrality (DC) in the left pallidum between the DRE group and healthy control group (2.998±0.942, 4.992±1.945, t=-4.07, FDR corrected P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the DRE group had decreased SFC within the limbic network (LN) ( P<0.05), increased SFC within the sensorimotor (SMN) ( P<0.05), decreased SFC between the default mode network-LN ( P<0.05), and increased SFC between the SMN-attentional network (AN) ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in SFC at the whole brain level between the two groups. Correlation analysis indicated that DC in left pallidum in DRE group negatively correlated with the PSI ( r=-0.537, P=0.018), and SFC between the SMN and AN demonstrated a negative correlation with age of onset ( r=-0.537, P=0.018). Conclusion:The altered DC in left pallidum may be related to cognitive impairment in children with DRE, providing biomarker information for the study of neural mechanisms in children with DRE.