Objective To evaluate the environmental radioactive safety level in China, monitor the radioactivity of strontium-90 (⁹⁰Sr) in seafood from selected marine regions of China, and optimize the di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) extraction chromatography method for determining Sr-90 in seafood. Methods In 2023, seafoods of fish, shrimp, shellfish, and seaweed were collected from the Shandong Province (Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea) and Hainan Province (South China Sea). The levels of Sr in the samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The ⁹⁰Sr separation were performed using HDEHP extraction chromatography, while the recovery of ⁹⁰Sr were determined by the gravitmetry with the assistant of ICP-AES. Results The content of strontium in seafoods varies greatly, and excessive strontium and calcium in seafood may lead to overestimated recovery due to insufficient leaching during chromatographic separation by HDEHP extraction. Therefore, the yttrium content in the eluent should be analyzed by ICP . The radioactivity of ⁹⁰Sr in seafood from the sea areas in Shandong Province was 0.22-1.85 Bq/kg (dry weight), and that of seafood from Hainan Province was 0.19-1.82 Bq/kg (dry weight). Conclusion For the analysis of shirmp and seaweed samples, the recovery rate of ⁹⁰Sr should be analyzed using both gravimetry and ICP-AES. There is no significant linear correlation between total Sr and ⁹⁰Sr in seafood. There is no significant difference in ⁹⁰Sr radioactivity between the seafood samples collected from Shandong and Hainan. The ⁹⁰Sr radioactivity levels of all 28 samples are below the limit specified in the Limited concentrations of radioactive materials in foods (GB 14882—1994) and are within the range of environmental background fluctuations.

Objective To organize a nationwide interlaboratory comparison for measurement of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water, and improve the laboratory analysis of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water. Methods A unified comparison protocol was developed by the organizers. The groundwater with high natural radioactivity was used as water sample and distributed randomly to the participating laboratories. The participating laboratories used routine analytical methods to measure the samples and provided information such as analytical results, original records, and test reports. The results were evaluated using z-score. Results A total of 76 laboratories participated in the comparison, all employing the evaporation concentration-α/β counting method. Among them, 69 laboratories achieved |z| ≤ 2 for both gross α and gross β radioactivity measurements, and 32 laboratories achieved |z| ≤ 0.50 for both gross α and gross β radioactivity measurements. There were 69 laboratories with qualified results and 30 laboratories with excellent results, yielding a qualified rate of 90.8% and an excellent rate of 39.5%. Seven laboratories showed unqualified results and the unqualified rate was 9.2%. Conclusion Most laboratories have the ability to analyze gross α and gross β radioactivity in water. The main reasons for the deviation in comparison results are calibration efficiency, errors in the total residue mass caused by improper water sample processing operations. By analyzing the main technical problems existed in unqualified laboratories, their ability for measurement of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water has been improved.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of biodegradable magnesium alloy materials in promoting tendon-bone healing during rotator cuff tear repair and to investigate their potential underlying biological mechanisms. METHODS: Forty-eight 8-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were taken and randomly divided into groups A, B, and C. Rotator cuff tear models were created and repaired using magnesium alloy sutures in group A and Vicryl Plus 4-0 absorbable sutures in group B, while only subcutaneous incisions and sutures were performed in group C. Organ samples of groups A and B were taken for HE staining at 1 and 2 weeks after operation to evaluate the safety of magnesium alloy, and specimens from the supraspinatus tendon and proximal humerus were harvested at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after operation. The specimens were observed macroscopically at 4 and 12 weeks after operation. Biomechanical tests were performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks to test the ultimate load and stiffness of the healing sites in groups A and B. At 2, 4, and 12 weeks, the specimens were subjected to the following tests: Micro-CT to evaluate the formation of bone tunnels in groups A and B, HE staining and Masson staining to observe the regeneration of fibrocartilage at the tendon-bone interface after decalcification and sectioning, and Goldner trichrome staining to evaluate the calcification. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expressions of angiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), as well as osteogenic factors at the tendon-bone interface. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining was used to examine the expressions of Arginase 1 and Integrin beta-2 to assess M1 and M2 macrophage polarization at the tendon-bone interface. The role of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway in tendon-bone healing was further analyzed using real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. RESULTS: Analysis of visceral sections revealed that magnesium ions released during the degradation of magnesium alloys did not cause significant toxic effects on organs such as the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys, indicating good biosafety. Histological analysis further demonstrated that fibrocartilage regeneration at the tendon-bone interface in group A occurred earlier, and the amount of fibrocartilage was significantly greater compared to group B, suggesting a positive effect of magnesium alloy material on tendon-bone interface repair. Additionally, Micro-CT analysis results revealed that bone tunnel formation occurred more rapidly in group A compared to group B, further supporting the beneficial effect of magnesium alloy on bone healing. Biomechanical testing showed that the ultimate load in group A was consistently higher than in group B, and the stiffness of group A was also greater than that of group B at 4 weeks, indicating stronger tissue-carrying capacity following tendon-bone interface repair and highlighting the potential of magnesium alloy in enhancing tendon-bone healing. Immunohistochemical staining results indicated that the expressions of VEGF and BMP-2 were significantly upregulated during the early stages of healing, suggesting that magnesium alloy effectively promoted angiogenesis and bone formation, thereby accelerating the tendon-bone healing process. Immunofluorescence staining further revealed that magnesium ions exerted significant anti-inflammatory effects by regulating macrophage polarization, promoting their shift toward the M2 phenotype. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results demonstrated that magnesium ions could facilitate tendon-bone healing by modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Biodegradable magnesium alloy material accelerated fibrocartilage regeneration and calcification at the tendon-bone interface in rat rotator cuff tear repair by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby significantly enhancing tendon-bone healing.
Animals ; Rotator Cuff Injuries/metabolism* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; Wound Healing/drug effects* ; Alloys/pharmacology* ; Rats ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism* ; Rotator Cuff/metabolism* ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Magnesium/pharmacology* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism* ; Male ; Biocompatible Materials ; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2/metabolism*

Loss-of-function variants in CSDE1 have been strongly linked to neuropsychiatric disorders, yet the precise role of CSDE1 in neurogenesis remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that knockout of Csde1 during cortical development in mice results in impaired neural progenitor proliferation, leading to abnormal cortical lamination and embryonic lethality. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that Csde1 upregulates the transcription of genes involved in the cell cycle network. Applying a dual thymidine-labelling approach, we further revealed prolonged cell cycle durations of neuronal progenitors in Csde1-knockout mice, with a notable extension of the G1 phase. Intersection with CLIP-seq data demonstrated that Csde1 binds to the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA transcripts encoding cell cycle genes. Particularly, we uncovered that Csde1 directly binds to the 3' UTR of mRNA transcripts encoding Cdk6, a pivotal gene in regulating the transition from the G1 to S phases of the cell cycle, thereby maintaining its stability. Collectively, this study elucidates Csde1 as a novel regulator of Cdk6, sheds new light on its critical roles in orchestrating brain development, and underscores how mutations in Csde1 may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Animals ; Neurogenesis/genetics* ; Cell Cycle/genetics* ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice ; Neural Stem Cells/metabolism* ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism* ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 6/genetics* ; Cell Proliferation ; 3' Untranslated Regions ; Cerebral Cortex/embryology* ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Objective To explore the mediating role of eating disorders in the relationship between body image satisfaction and anxiety symptoms among college students,and further examine the moderating effect of mindfulness on this mediating pathway.Methods By using convenience sampling,we conducted baseline and follow-up surveys among freshmen and sophomores at two universities in Xizang Autonomous Region from September to December 2021.Measurements included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale,the body image satisfaction subscale of the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire,the Eating Attitudes Test,and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale.Data analyses performed using SPSS 23.0 included Pearson correlation analysis,mediation(model 4),and moderation(model 58)effect analysis.Results A total of 2 993 students participated in both the baseline and follow-up surveys,including 1 007 males(34.3％)and 1,666 Tibetan and other ethnic minorities(56.8％),with an average age of 19.8(SD=1.3)years.Body image satisfaction significantly predicted anxiety symptoms,and this relationship was partially mediated by disordered eating.The presence of mindfulness moderated the impact of body image satisfaction on disordered eating and the influence of disordered eating on anxiety symptoms,indicating varying strengths of these relationships at different levels of mindfulness.Conclusion This study demonstrates that body image satisfaction can significantly predict anxiety symptoms,with disordered eating playing a mediating role in this relationship.The moderating effect of mindfulness further reveals that students with high levels of mindfulness are less likely to experience eating disorders influenced by body image dissatisfaction.Interventions for college students'mental health should consider including management of body image and eating behaviors,as well as mindfulness training.

Objective:To explore the molecular basis for a Chinese pedigree affected with Achromatopsia (ACHM).Methods:A pedigree with ACHM which was admitted to the Women and Children′s Hospital of Ningbo University on April 14, 2023 was selected as the study subject. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out for the proband. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis. Related literature was reviewed, and clinical and genetic features of Chinese patients with ACHM due to variants of CNGA3 gene were summarized. This study was approved by the Women and Children′s Hospital of Ningbo University (Ethics No. EC2020-048). Results:WES revealed that the proband and his younger brother had both harbored compound heterozygous variants of the CNGA3 gene, namely c. 1190G>T (p.Gly397Val) and c. 2013del (p.Gly672ValfsTer69), which were respectively inherited from their mother and father. The c. 1190G>T was a known pathogenic variant, while the c.2013del was unreported previously. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), the c. 2013del variant was predicted to be likely pathogenic (PM2_Supporting+ PVS1_Moderate+ PM3+ PP4). Literature review has identified 41 CNGA3 gene variants among 43 patients from 38 pedigrees, most of which were missense variants and had located in exon 8. Most patients were males, with nystagmus, photophobia, amblyopia and other symptoms during infancy/childhood as the main clinical manifestations, and there was a lack of genotype-phenotype correlation. Conclusion:The c. 1190G>T (p.Gly397Val) and c. 2013del (p.Gly672ValfsTer69) variants of the CNGA3 gene probably underlay the ACHM in the proband. Discovery of the c. 2013del variant has enriched the mutational spectrum of the CNGA3 gene and provided a basis for genetic counseling and reproduction guidance for this pedigree.

Damage to organelles plays a significant role in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury,which results in the dysfunction of mitochondria and other related organelles.The communication between mitochondria and other organ-elles can also affect the development of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.For instance,the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane provides a"seamless connection"and regulates the exchange of organelles and metabolites(such as ions,lipids and proteins)between the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum,which subse-quently affects myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.However,there is a lack of studies regarding the interaction be-tween mitochondria and related organelles,which is a critical component in triggering myocardial ischemia/reperfusion inju-ry.Therefore,this article describes the role of mitochondrial crosstalk with endoplasmic reticulum,lysosomes and nuclei in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury,and aims to provide a theoretical basis for targeting mitochondrial crosstalk with other organelles in the treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Objective To develop a rapid and accurate Monte Carlo program(simplified code for dosimetry of carbon ions,SPEEDO)for carbon ion therapy.Methods For electromagnetic process,type Ⅱ condensed history simulation scheme and continuous slowing down approximation were used to simulate energy straggling,range straggling,multiple scattering,and ionization processes.For nuclear interaction,5 types of target nuclei were considered,including hydrogen,carbon,nitrogen,oxygen,and calcium.The produced secondary charged particles followed the same condensed history framework.The study simulated the transport of carbon ions in 4 materials(water,soft tissues,lung,and bone),and the calculated doses were validated against TOPAS(a Monte Carlo simulation software for radiotherapy physics),followed by a comparison with dose measurements in a water phantom from the HIMM-WW(a medical heavy-ion accelerator facility in Wuwei).Results SPEEDO's simulation results showed good consistency with TOPAS.For each material,in the voxel region where the physical dose was greater than 10％of the maximum dose point,the relative maximum dose error of both was less than 2％.At treatment energy of 400 MeV/u,SPEEDO's computation time was significantly less than that of TOPAS(13.8 min vs 105.0 min).SPEEDO's calculation results also showed good agreement with HIMM-WW measurements in terms of lateral dose distribution and integrated dose depth curve.Conclusion SPEEDO program can accurately and rapidly perform Monte Carlo dose calculations for carbon-ion therapy.

Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)combined with allograft bone transplantation in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis.Methods A total of 177 patients with lumbar tuberculosis admitted to the 4th People's Hospital of Qinghai Province from August 2018 to August 2023 were selected as the research subjects.Patients were divided into control group(n=49)and observation group(n=128)based on the source of the transplanted bone.All patients underwent at least 2 weeks of standard quadruple anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy before surgery.Patients in the control group received PDGF combined with autograft bone transplantation,while patients in the observation group received PDGF combined with allograft bone transplantation.The surgical duration,intraoperative blood loss,and length of hospital stay of patients in the two groups were recorded;the erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR)and serum C-reactive protein(CRP)levels of patients in the two groups were compared before surgery and at 1,3,6 months after surgery.Preoperative CT and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)examinations were performed,and postoperative CT and MRI were performed after bone fusion was completed to compare the changes in Cobb angle before and after surgery.The visual analogue scale(VAS)was used to assess the pain degree in the lumbar region before surgery and at 1,3,6 months after surgery.The VAS scores of patients in the two groups,VAS scores of male patients in the two groups,and VAS scores of female patients in the two groups were compared before and after surgery,respectively.Results There was no statistically significant difference in surgical duration and length of hospital stay between the observation group and the control group(P＞0.05).The intraoperative blood loss of patients in the observation group was significantly less than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in Cobb angle before and after surgery between the two groups(P＞0.05).The postoperative Cobb angle significantly decreased in both groups when compared to preoperative values(P＜0.05).The VAS scores of patients in both groups decreased sequentially before surgery and at 1,3,6 months after surgery,with statistically significant differences in intra-group pairwise comparisons(P＜0.05).The VAS scores of male patients in both groups decreased sequentially before surgery and at 1,3,6 months after surgery,with statistically significant differences in intra-group pairwise comparisons(P＜0.05).The VAS scores of female patients in both groups also decreased sequentially before surgery and at 1,3,6 months after surgery,with statistically significant differences in intra-group pairwise comparisons(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in VAS scores between the observation group and the control group before surgery and at 1,6 months after surgery(P＞0.05);the VAS score of patients in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 3 months after surgery(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in VAS scores between male patients in the observation group and male patients in the control group before surgery and at 1,3,6 months after surgery(P＞0.05);the VAS score of male patients in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 3 months after surgery(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in VAS scores between female patients in the observation group and female patients in the control group before surgery and at 1,6 months after surgery(P＞0.05);the VAS score of female patients in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 3 months after surgery(P＜0.05).The ESR of patients in both groups decreased sequentially before surgery and at 1,3,6 months after surgery,with statistically significant differences in intra-group pairwise comparisons(P＜0.05).The serum CRP levels of patients in both groups also decreased sequentially before surgery and at 1,3,6 months after surgery,with statistically significant differences in intra-group pairwise comparisons(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in ESR between the observation group and the control group before surgery and at 1,3,6 months after surgery(P＞0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in serum CRP level between the observation group and the control group before surgery and at 1,6 months after surgery(P＞0.05);the serum CRP level of patients in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 3 months after surgery(P＜0.05).Conclusion The effect of PDGF combined with allograft bone transplantation in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis is comparable to that of autograft bone transplantation,but PDGF combined with allograft bone transplantation can significantly reduce postoperative pain degree,improve patient comfort,avoid additional damage caused by autograft bone transplantation,and reduce the physical burden on patients.It can be considered a safe and reliable surgical method for bone grafting in lumbar tuberculosis surgery.

AIM: To explore the current status, research hotspots, and trends of global uveitis research to provide a theoretical basis and references for researchers in the field of uveitis, and promote further development in this area.METHODS: Relevant literatures on uveitis were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database, Wanfang database, and Web of Science core collection database since their establishment until 24 August 2023. The country/publishing institutions, research authors, high-frequency keywords, and burst keywords were visual analyzed by using software such as GraphPad Prism 9, CiteSpace 6.2. R2, and VOSviewer.RESULTS: Research teams for uveitis have been formed in various countries globally. The top three countries in terms of publications are the United States of America(7 585 papers), the United Kingdom(2 412 papers)and Germany(1 679 papers). The top three foreign institutions in terms of publications are Harvard University, Oregon Health & Science University, and Moorfields Eye Hospital, while the top three domestic institutions are Affiliated Eye Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, and Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University. The analysis of high-frequency keywords and burst keywords in Chinese and English shows that research hotspots mainly focus on exploring pathogenesis and different treatment methods for uveitis. The research hotspots related to uveitis treatment are transitioning to molecular biology-related research topics, such as molecular biological signaling pathways(NF-κB signaling pathway with a strength value of 22.89), biological agents(adalimumab with a strength value of 32.21), and tumor necrosis factor(with a strength value of 48.44). Related research is also expanding to basic experiments on relevant rats.CONCLUSIONS: In recent years, the research hotspots and trends of global uveitis mainly focus on precise diagnosis, pathogenesis, and more effective treatment methods. It is important for more scholars to dedicate themselves to uveitis-related research in the future to make breakthroughs and progress in the field. More large-scale and multicenter clinical studies on uveitis can provide high-quality research evidence.