OBJECTIVE To quantitatively evaluate the policies for the commercialization of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions into new drugs， and to provide a reference for improving and optimizing China’s policy system for the commercialization of such preparations into new drugs.METHODS Relevant policy documents were retrieved from the PKULaw database and official websites of relevant departments. After collection and screening， the policy texts were text-mined with ROST-CM 6.0 software. A policy modeling consistency （PMC） evaluation index system was constructed by combining the analysis of policy instruments with relevant literature. The PMC indices were calculated through binary assignment， and the evaluation grades were classified. MATLAB R2024a software was used to draw PMC surface maps， so as to reveal the structural characteristics and weak links of the policy system and put forward optimization suggestions. RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS A total of 44 policies related to the commercialization of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions into new drugs were included， and a PMC index model containing 10 first-level variables and 44 second-level variables was constructed. The mean PMC index of the 44 policies was 6.07， and the overall evaluation grade was acceptable. Among the first-level variables， “policy nature”“policy approach”“policy evaluation” scored relatively high， whereas “policy instruments”“policy targets” scored relatively low. These findings were mainly reflected in insufficient support measures for funding， professionals and intellectual property rights transformation， limited coverage of policy targets， and relatively inadequate systematic support for commercialization. It is recommended that relevant departments strengthen financial， talent and intellectual property support， enhance local adaptability， expand the coverage of target entities， and formulate special support policies， so as to promote the commercialization of more traditional Chinese medicine preparations with high clinical value and distinctive advantages into new drugs.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a globally prevalent malignancy with a particularly heavy burden in China. Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) is a Group I carcinogen for GC, with a higher seroprevalence rate indicating a higher GC incidence. However, only approximately 3% of the individuals with H. pylori infection eventually develop GC, and about 2.6% still progress to GC even 10-20 years after the eradication of H. pylori . Thus, the pathogenic mechanism of H. pylori for GC must be elucidated, and high-risk individuals precisely identified. Furthermore, GC can occur even in individuals who have never been infected with H. pylori . As H. pylori infection rates decline, the proportion of H. pylori -negative GC cases is increasing annually, gaining significant research attention. In this review, potential pathogenic mechanisms of H. pylori infection are explored from the aspects of H. pylori virulence factors and host factors (genetic susceptibility and immune microenvironment). Possible risk factors for H. pylori -negative GC include infections by other microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, fungi, and viruses), autoimmune gastritis, bile reflux, genetic mutations, and environmental factors. We aim to review the potential mechanisms for GC with varying H. pylori infection statuses, identify the high-risk individuals, and pose questions that need to be addressed. In the future, as the prevalence of H. pylori infection gradually decreases, GC prevention and management must evolve to address host-specific factors and the growing challenge of H. pylori -negative GC by integrating multidisciplinary perspectives.
Stomach Neoplasms/genetics* ; Humans ; Helicobacter Infections/complications* ; Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity* ; Risk Factors

A multi-mode transcranial electrical stimulation device with adjustable high precision is designed to meet the higher requirements for device flexibility and precision in the field of neuromodulation.With STM32F407ZGT6 as the core controller,the device is equipped with FreeRTOS operating system,and its electrical stimulation source is composed of a high-precision digital-to-analog converter chip AD5676R and an enhanced Howland constant current source circuit,and it incorporates the INA228 chip to achieve accurate impedance online monitoring.The experimental results show that the device supports unipolar and bipolar direct current,alternating current,pulse and noise outputs,while exhibiting high precision in current output,frequency control,pulse width regulation,and impedance monitoring.The output current is adjustable within the range of-2 to 2 mA at a step size of 1 μA;the frequency can be adjusted in the ranges of 1-200,200-600,and 600-800 Hz,with corresponding step sizes of 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 Hz,respectively;and pulse width is adjustable within the ranges of 0.3-10.0,10-100,and 100-1000 ms,with corresponding step sizes of 0.1,1.0 and 2.0 ms,respectively.

Objective:To investigate the effect of nuclide distribution with time from the in vivo metabolism based on measurement of radioactive contamination using lung counting method. Methods:The distribution of nuclides in the body with time was calculated on a basis of a single inhalation of aerosols containing 235U and the International Commission of Radiological Protection(ICRP) nuclide metabolism compartment model. A passive efficiency calibration of the lung counter, was performed using the simulation and calculation software Geant4 to obtain the contribution of the tissue or organs of interest to the lung counter, and to investigate the effect of the nuclide distribution on the lung counting method. Results:The time elapsed after inhalation of radionuclides, as well as their physicochemical state, has the effect on their distribution in the body and on the detection efficiency of the lung counter. Radionuclides with smaller particulate sizes have a higher initial retention in the lungs, and those with an activity median aerodynamic diameter (ADAM) of 1 μm contributed more fraction to the lung counter than those with an ADAM of 5 μm. F-type compounds were metabolized more rapidly by the respiratory system, and after 8 h of ingestion, nuclides were distributed in the lungs. F-type compounds were metabolized in the respiratory system at a relatively fast rate, and 8 h after inhalation, the fraction of nuclides retained in the lung contributed no more than 30% to the lung counter. Within 3 d after ingestion of M-type and S-type compounds, radioactive particulats largely deposites in the nasopharyngeal region. With biological metabolization and clearance, the fraction contributed by lung to counter is in rising, and the fraction to the lung counter typically remained larger than 80% after 3 d.Conclusions:Radionuclide metabolization in the body varies with their physicochemical properties and measurement time and site. For estimating internal contamination, consideration should be given to the distribution of nuclides, in order to avoid the overestimation.

A multi-mode transcranial electrical stimulation device with adjustable high precision is designed to meet the higher requirements for device flexibility and precision in the field of neuromodulation.With STM32F407ZGT6 as the core controller,the device is equipped with FreeRTOS operating system,and its electrical stimulation source is composed of a high-precision digital-to-analog converter chip AD5676R and an enhanced Howland constant current source circuit,and it incorporates the INA228 chip to achieve accurate impedance online monitoring.The experimental results show that the device supports unipolar and bipolar direct current,alternating current,pulse and noise outputs,while exhibiting high precision in current output,frequency control,pulse width regulation,and impedance monitoring.The output current is adjustable within the range of-2 to 2 mA at a step size of 1 μA;the frequency can be adjusted in the ranges of 1-200,200-600,and 600-800 Hz,with corresponding step sizes of 0.1,0.5 and 1.0 Hz,respectively;and pulse width is adjustable within the ranges of 0.3-10.0,10-100,and 100-1000 ms,with corresponding step sizes of 0.1,1.0 and 2.0 ms,respectively.

Objective:To investigate the effect of nuclide distribution with time from the in vivo metabolism based on measurement of radioactive contamination using lung counting method. Methods:The distribution of nuclides in the body with time was calculated on a basis of a single inhalation of aerosols containing 235U and the International Commission of Radiological Protection(ICRP) nuclide metabolism compartment model. A passive efficiency calibration of the lung counter, was performed using the simulation and calculation software Geant4 to obtain the contribution of the tissue or organs of interest to the lung counter, and to investigate the effect of the nuclide distribution on the lung counting method. Results:The time elapsed after inhalation of radionuclides, as well as their physicochemical state, has the effect on their distribution in the body and on the detection efficiency of the lung counter. Radionuclides with smaller particulate sizes have a higher initial retention in the lungs, and those with an activity median aerodynamic diameter (ADAM) of 1 μm contributed more fraction to the lung counter than those with an ADAM of 5 μm. F-type compounds were metabolized more rapidly by the respiratory system, and after 8 h of ingestion, nuclides were distributed in the lungs. F-type compounds were metabolized in the respiratory system at a relatively fast rate, and 8 h after inhalation, the fraction of nuclides retained in the lung contributed no more than 30% to the lung counter. Within 3 d after ingestion of M-type and S-type compounds, radioactive particulats largely deposites in the nasopharyngeal region. With biological metabolization and clearance, the fraction contributed by lung to counter is in rising, and the fraction to the lung counter typically remained larger than 80% after 3 d.Conclusions:Radionuclide metabolization in the body varies with their physicochemical properties and measurement time and site. For estimating internal contamination, consideration should be given to the distribution of nuclides, in order to avoid the overestimation.

The transgender children and adolescents(TCAs)face serious social dilemmas in the process of gender identity and expression,which hinders this group from seeking reasonable and equal rights to survival and development.From the perspective of equal rights and the theoretical framework of social dilemma,by interviewing TCAs who seek help from medical social workers in a hospital's multi-disciplinary transgender clinic,this paper revealed that under the traditional system of"binary gender",TCAs lacked social inclusiveness and infrastructure,which led to the two major social dilemmas of"social traps"and"social barriers"encountered by this group in the process of gender expression and gender identity.Specifically,the social gender selection of TCAs often leads to collective irrational reactions and gender punishment,preventing their legal and effective medical services.To this end,the research team used critical methodology to construct a joint disciplinary diagnosis and treatment path for TCAs with the participation of medical social workers,as well as verified that the path has significant intervention effects in rationalizing the needs of TCAs and their families,alleviating their psychological pressure and social adaptation problems in the process of gender identity,fostering a diverse dialogue environment in their families,as well as enhancing their self-efficacy and social participation,to provide assistahce to the TCAs groups in social difficulties,assisting their rights and interests be included in the child-friendly indicator system,and improving the whole society's tolerance and understanding for TCAs group.

Objective:To explore the association between frailty index (FI) and the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and provide new evidence for the prevention of CVD in adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods:The FI was constructed by using the data from a prospective cohort with a sample size of 25 055 individuals in 6 years of follow-up, and the prevalence of frailty in adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was described by the FI, and Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the association between the FI and the incidence of CVD in adults in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Results:The FI of the study population was 0.24±0.09. The population in the pre-frail (FI: 0.21-0.27) and frail (FI≥0.28) phases had increased risk for CVD compared to non-frail (FI≤0.20) population [pre-frail: hazard ratio ( HR)=1.232, 95% CI: 1.127-1.347; frail phase: HR=1.418, 95% CI:1.299-1.548]. For every 0.10 increase in FI, the risk for cardiovascular disease increased by 20.3% ( HR=1.203,95% CI:1.156-1.252). Conclusions:In this study, we constructed a FI, which can suggest the risk for CVD. As the increase of frailty degree, the risk for CVD increases.

Objective:To study the evolution of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes of 171 cases of Kawasaki disease (KD) under the intervention of gamma globulin therapy based on factor analysis.Methods:A cross-sectional study. 171 cases of KD children hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology of Guangzhou Women's and Children's Medical Center from July 2019 to December 2020 were collected. All patients were treated with intravenous gamma globulin (2 g/kg) for 1 week. According to the results of the treatment with C-ball, 171 children with C-ball sensitive KD were selected to collect the four diagnostic data, and the representative syndromes of defensive level, qi level, yin level, and nutritive level were observed. Factor analysis was used to analyze the evolution of syndrome in 171 children with KD c-ball sensitivity.Results:The result of factor analysis showed that the KMO statistics of 171 children with c-ball sensitivity before treatment was 0.792, and Bartley test was significant ( P<0.01). 16 common factors were extracted, and 23 syndromes were screened, mainly including defensive level disorder, qi level disorder,nutritive level disorder,yin level disorder, heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. One week after treatment, the statistic of KMO test was 0.787, and Bartley test was significant ( P<0.01). 9 common factors were extracted, and 10 syndromes were screened, mainly including qi deficiency syndrome, yin deficiency syndrome and blood stasis syndrome. Conclusion:Before treatment, the TCM syndromes in KD C-cell sensitive children are mainly nutritive level disorder, defensive level disorder, qi level disorder yin level disorder, and heat stagnation and blood stasis syndrome; after treatment, the main TCM syndromes are mainly qi deficiency syndrome, yin deficiency syndrome and blood stasis syndrome.

With the development of social economy and the full opening of the three-child policy, more and more elderly people will become the main force in raising grandchildren in the future, and the mental health of the elderly in intergenerational raising has become the focus of the whole society. This article summarizes the causes of the intergenerational raising, the mental health status of the elderly in intergenerational raising, and reviews the influencing factors of the mental health of the elderly in intergenerational raising, in order to provide a reference for the construction of the social security system for the elderly and young people in China.