The Chinese Pharmacopoeia is the legal technical standard which should be followed during the research, production, use, and administration of drugs. At present, the new edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia is planned to be promulgated and implemented. This article summarizes and analyzes the main characteristics and the content of updates and amendments of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition(Volume Ⅰ), to provide a reference for the correct understanding and accurate implementation the new edition of the pharmacopoeia.

Huangqintang， with its accurate efficacy， is a classic formula specialized in treating dysentery recommended and promoted by medical experts from successive generations， and it was included in the Catalogue of Ancient Classic Prescriptions （the Second Batch， Han Chinese medicine prescriptions） published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinses Medicine （TCM） in 2023. The method of bibliometrics was applied in this study to conduct textual research on the classic formula Huangqintang and provide a literature reference for the development of modern preparations of Huangqintang. A total of 2 026 pieces of ancient literature were searched with "Huangqintang" as the key word， and 23 pieces of effective data were selected， involving 15 ancient TCM books. The historic evolution， composition， dosage， origin， processing methods， preparation and decocting methods， efficiency， and application of Huangqintang were carefully reviewed. The results showed that Huangqintang was first recorded in the Treatise on Febrile Diseases written by ZHANG Zhongjing. It has the effect of clearing heat， stopping dysentery， regulating the middle， and downbearing counterflow and has become one of the classic formulas widely used in clinical practice. Because of its accurate efficacy， medical experts from later generations have modified it from its original composition. Though many prescriptions have different names， it is the manifestation of physicians' inheritance and development of the thought of ZHANG Zhongjing. Ancient literature showed this prescription had wide indications yet centered on digestive system diseases such as dysentery and abdominal pain. Modern applications of Huangqintang involve digestive， respiratory， ophthalmology and otolaryngology， gynecological， skin， musculoskeletal system， and connective tissue， and this prescription has great potential in treating ulcerative colitis， diarrhea， acute enteritis， and damp-heat dysentery. Through a systematic textual excavation and review of the ancient literature about Huangqintang， the paper has confirmed its key information， so as to provide a scientific basis for the clinical application and new drug development of classic formulas.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of astragalin （AST） on autophagy and apoptosis of astrocytes in the L_4-5 dorsal horn of the spinal cord in mice with inflammatory pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant （CFA）. MethodsTwenty-four male C57BL/6 mice， aged six months， were randomly assigned to four groups： control group， saline group， CFA model group， and CFA+AST group， six mice in each group. The inflammatory pain model was established by injection of 10 µL CFA into the right lateral malleolus fossa. The saline group were injected with an equal amount of normal saline at the same site. The inflammatory pain mice in CFA+AST group were further treated with AST （60 mg/kg） intraperitoneally once a day for 21 consecutive days. Multiplex immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the coexpression of autophagy-related factors including ATG 12 and Beclin-1， apoptosis-related factors including Cleaved-Caspase3 and Caspase9， and the astrocyte marker such as GFAP in the L_4-5 spinal dorsal horn of the mice in each group. Western blot was used to examine the protein expression levels of autophagy-related proteins（ATG12， Beclin-1） and apoptosis-related proteins（Caspase 3， Caspase 9） in the L_4-5 spinal dorsal horn of mice. ResultsImmunofluorescent staining showed that in the L_4-5 dorsal horn of the spinal cord， the fluorescence intensity of ATG12 （P<0.000 1） and Beclin-1 （P<0.000 1） was significantly increased， while that of Cleaved-Caspase 3 （P<0.001） and Caspase 9 （P<0.000 1） was decreased in the CFA+AST group when compared to the CFA model group. Furthermore， AST could inhibit the activation of astrocytes. Western blot further confirmed that AST significantly upregulated the expression of ATG12 （P<0.000 1） and Beclin-1 （P<0.000 1） in the L_4-5 spinal cord of CFA mice， and downregulated the expression of Caspase 3 （P<0.01） and Caspase 9 （P<0.001）. ConclusionsAST promotes autophagy of astrocytes and inhibits their apoptosis in the L_4-5 spinal dorsal horn of CFA mice.

Sinisan is a classical prescription developed and applied by ancient medical experts and it is first recorded in the Treatise on Cold Damage written by ZHANG Zhongjing in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Later physicians have modified this prescription based on this original one. The bibliometrics methods were used to analyze the key information and research trend of Sinisan. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria， 69 pieces of effective data were extracted， involving 67 ancient traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） books. The results showed that the name， composition， and decocting methods of Sinisan in later generations were inherited from the original record in the Treatise on Cold Damage. The original plants of medicinal materials used in Sinisan are basically clear. We recommend Bupleuri Radix as the dried root of Bupleurem scorzonerifolium， Paeoniae Radix Alba as the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora， Aurantii Fructus as the dried fruit of Citrus aurantium， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma as the dry root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. Raw materials of Bupleuri Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba， Aurantii Fructus stir-fried with bran， and stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma should be used for preparation of Sinisan. According to measurement system in the Han Dynasty， a bag of Sinisan is composed of 1.25 g Bupleuri Radix， 1.25 g Paeoniae Radix Alba， 1.25 g Aurantii Fructus， and 1.25 g Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The materials should be grounded into coarse powder and taken with a proper amount of rice soup， 3 times a day. Sinisan has the effects of regulating qi movement and harmonizing the liver and spleen. It can be used for treating reversal cold in limbs and cold damage. In modern clinical practice， Sinisan can be used to treat chronic gastritis， irritable bowel syndrome， and dyspepsia. The above research results provide scientific reference for the future research and development of Sinisan.

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential value of thyroid hormones in cerebrospinal fluid in predicting autism-like behaviors induced by hypothyroidism in pregnant rats. MethodsTwelve pregnant Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group and a hypothyroidism group （hypothyroidism model group）. Offspring from both groups had serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone （TSH）， total triiodothyronine （TT3）， total thyroxine （TT4）， free triiodothyronine （FT3）， and free thyroxine （FT4） levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Ultrasonic vocalization tests were conducted on postnatal day 2 （P2）， day 7 （P7）， and day 14 （P14）， while behavioral tests using the three-box social interaction test were performed on day 21（P21）. ResultsCompared with the control group， free T4 （FT4） levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of the hypothyroidism group were significantly reduced during the developmental period （P0-P21； P2： P<0.05； P7： P<0.05； P14： P<0.01； P21： P<0.01）， with no statistical difference between the two groups only at P0 （P>0.05）. In the ultrasonic vocalization （USV） tests， the number and duration of USVs in offsprings from the hypothyroidism group were significantly reduced compared with those of the control group on P2， P7 and P14： for USV counts （P2： P<0.05； P7： P<0.001； P14： P<0.01）； for USV duration （P2： P<0.05； P7： P<0.001； P14： P<0.001）. In the three-box social tests， offsprings of the hypothyroidism group showed significantly reduced sniffing time with unfamiliar rats at P21 compared to the control group （all P<0.001）. The FT4 levels in cerebrospinal fluid had a significantly positive correlation with USV counts （P7： r=0.883， P<0.05； P14： r=0.902， P<0.05） and sniffing time with unfamiliar rats （r=0.814， P<0.01）. ConclusionMeasuring free T4 in cerebrospinal fluid can predict autism-like behaviors in offsprings of rats induced by hypothyroidism during pregnancy.

BACKGROUND:Medical hydrogels are new functional polymer materials with three-dimensional structural networks and excellent biocompatibility,which have been widely studied in the field of tissue engineering and drug carriers,but the research on the combination of medical hydrogels and Chinese medicine for the treatment of diseases based on tissue engineering is still in the early exploration stage.Therefore,through the analysis of the mechanism of the role of medical hydrogels,the integration of medical hydrogels and Chinese medicine in the research of the joint application of the article,can better provide ideas for scientific researchers,and the joint application of Chinese medicine and medical hydrogels is of great significance. OBJECTIVE:To explore the strategy and significance of Chinese medicine combined with medical hydrogel for disease treatment based on tissue engineering research. METHODS:PubMed and CNKI were used to retrieve articles about the application of Chinese medicine combined with medical hydrogel in tissue engineering from January 2010 to November 2022,with the Chinese and English search terms"hydrogel,traditional Chinese medicine,drug carrier,tissue engineering".After the initial screening of all articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,the 61 articles with high relevance were retained for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Although the application of Chinese medicine combined with medical hydrogel is involved in intra-articular,intra-tissue organ,soft tissue wounds,tissue engineering,etc.,except for the clinical application of Chinese medicine combined with hydrogel dressing for soft tissue injury,other aspects are still in the experimental stage.(2)The development of Chinese medicine combined with medical hydrogel has great potential and development prospects,but there is a certain difficulty in the manufacture of the gel with high-performance requirements,and it is difficult to master the physical and chemical properties precisely.(3)At present,the comprehensive view of injectable hydrogel with the characteristics of easy to use,its joint use of Chinese medicine can be extended to a wider range,can be used for joint,organ,tissue engineering-related disease treatment.Smart hydrogel has high sensitivity and reversible transformation can also meet the use of the special environment.During the combined use of Chinese medicine,it also needs to understand the mechanism of action of Chinese medicine components.(4)The strategy of combining Chinese medicine with medical hydrogels for disease treatment should start with matching the therapeutic effects of Chinese medicine on organs,tissues and cells combined with appropriate types of medical hydrogels to make up for the shortcomings of traditional Chinese medicine delivery methods and frequent drug delivery.In tissue engineering,hydrogels can be loaded with stem cells after Chinese medicine intervention,or with both Chinese medicine and stem cells for disease treatment.(5)In future research of combined Chinese medicine and medical hydrogel application,we also need to consider:we should ensure that the biological properties of medical hydrogel can be quantified,and grasp the characteristics of hydrogel with different manufacturing processes of different materials to produce the required medical hydrogel that meets the application conditions.In Chinese medicine,we need to comprehensively understand and analyze the therapeutic effects and application mechanisms of known Chinese medicine monomer and Chinese medicine compound extracts,so as to achieve a more perfect combination between Chinese medicine and medical hydrogel under a more clear mechanism.With the continuous improvement of medical science and technology innovation,the medical hydrogel can be innovatively combined with other traditional treatment methods of Chinese medicine,such as acupuncture,massage,cupping and so on,to be used from multiple angles.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanism of the alcoholic extract from Scabiosa comosa against hepatic fibrosis （HF）. METHODS Intragastrical administration of carbon tetrachloride was given to induce HF model. By observing the pathological changes in liver tissue， mRNA and protein expressions of HF indexes [α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）， collagen type Ⅰ] and phosphoinositide 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） pathway-related factors were detected， and the improvement effects and possible mechanism of low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose （50， 100， 200 mg/kg） of alcoholic extract from S. comosa on HF model rats were investigated. Drug-containing serum was prepared by intragastrical administration of alcoholic extract from S. comosa at a concentration of 1 800 mg/（kg·d） （calculated by the amount of raw material）. The effects of drug- containing serum of alcoholic extract from S. comosa on the expression of miRNA-21 were observed through the intervention of HSC-T6 cells with low， medium and high concentrations of drug-containing serum of alcoholic extract from S. comosa （diluted to 10%， 15%， 20%）. miRNA-21 mimics or inhibitors were used to transfect HSC-T6 cells， and the mRNA and protein expressions of factors related to the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were detected. RESULTS The results of in vivo experiments showed that low， medium and high doses of alcoholic extract from S. comosa significantly ameliorated the histopathological changes in liver tissue of HF rats， and the percentage of collagen was significantly reduced （P＜0.01）； mRNA and protein expressions of the indicators related to HF as well as PI3K and Akt were significantly reduced （P＜0.01）， and mRNA and protein expressions of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten （PTEN） were increased in liver tissue of rats （P＜0.01）. The results of in vitro experiments showed that drug-containing serum of alcoholic extract from S. comosa significantly inhibited the expression of miRNA-21 at low， medium and high concentrations （P＜0.01）； whereas after transfection with miRNA-21 mimics， it was found that miRNA-21 mimics significantly increased mRNA and protein expressions of PI3K and Akt （P＜0.01）， while significantly decreased mRNA and protein expressions of PTEN （P＜0.01）； after transfection with miRNA-21 inhibitor， the changes of above indexes were opposite to the above results （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Alcoholic extracts of S. comosa may inhibit the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway by affecting the expression of miRNA-21， so as to achieve the effect of anti-hepatic fibrosis.

Objective It aims to construct an evaluation index system for the development level of intelligent health insurance,which can serve as a reference for health insurance management departments in assessing the develop-ment level of intelligent health insurance and the implementation of health insurance informatization.Methods Key events in intelligent health insurance were identified based on event system theory and text analysis.The evaluation index system was determined through a combination of expert interviews and Delphi expert consultations.The entro-py method was used to calculate the weights of each index,followed by the assessment of the current and ideal de-velopment levels.Results A total of 16 experts were consulted.After two rounds of Delphi expert consultation,two first-level indicators and 18 second-level indicators were finally included in the system.The current development level of intelligent health insurance in China is at the intelligent development stage(2.524 points),while the ideal de-velopment level is at the intelligent improvement stage(4.073 points).The positivity coefficient of both rounds of Del-phi expert consultation was 100%,with an authority coefficient of 0.842,and the degree of expert coordination im-proved with each round.Conclusion The constructed evaluation index system exhibits high scientificity,stability,and generalizability.It can provide an effective evaluation tool for the development of intelligent health insurance in various pooled areas.

It dified framework of health system resilience analysis.The research integrates practical elements from the case of the online pandemic material procurement and allocation hall in Nanjing,categorizing the resilience-building of local health systems via informatization into two distinct dimensions:static foundation and dynamic endowment.It conducts an in-depth examination of the logical pathways that leverage informatization to bolster resilience,and further investigates the inherent advantages and potential areas for optimization within informatization.The findings suggest that the synergistic empowerment of both static foundation and dynamic endowment effectively amplifies the risk defense capability and resilience of local health systems.

Information collaboration is an important realisation path to deepen the reform of the medical and health system and to promote the collaborative development and governance of the"Three Medicine"during the"14th Five-Year Plan"period.It employs the SFIC model and makes appropriate modifications to it.The analytical framework comprises six elements:"initial conditions-external environment-catalytic leadership-institutional de-sign-collaborative process-results feedback".This framework is used to dissect the current collaborative dilemma in the"Three Medicine"information collaboration and governance.Based on this analysis,an optimized path for infor-mation collaborative governance is proposed:consolidating the foundation of"Three Medicine"information collabora-tion,enhancing the catalytic leadership capability of meta-governance,optimizing the institutional design of informa-tion life-cycle governance,reshaping the information collaboration process,and focusing on the evaluation feedback mechanism.