Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been widely used as the main alternatives to bromine-based flame retardants, resulting in their widespread detection in environmental media and even in human blood. The potential health risks arising therefrom, particularly the direct impacts on the blood system, have become a focus in the field of environmental health. This article systematically reviewed the latest research progress on the hematotoxicity of OPFRs, covering three core aspects: the toxic effects aspect, which systematically elaborated on the bidirectional interference of OPFRs with coagulation function, their toxic effects on the hematopoietic system, and their disruptive effects on blood biochemical metabolism; the mechanistic analysis aspect, which dissected the multi-pathway, multi-target toxic mechanism network of OPFRs, including common pathways based on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, the direct and indirect regulation of coagulation function mediated by nuclear receptors and endocrine disruption, and the disturbance of blood cell production at the source through disruption of the hematopoietic microenvironment; and the risk assessment aspect, which, in response to the limitations of traditional methods, focused on the application prospects and core advantages of novel approaches based on structure-activity relationships in filling data gaps and achieving precise risk prediction. This review aims to systematically summarize the research progress on the mechanisms of OPFR-induced hematotoxicity, providing systematic theoretical support for subsequent in-depth mechanistic studies, targeted epidemiological investigations, and the optimization of risk assessment models.

ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors for long-term cardiovascular events in patients undergoing long-term peritoneal dialysis （PD）， and to construct and validate a visual nomogram prediction model based on multiple parameters. MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted， consecutively enrolling 248 maintenance PD patients （dialysis duration ≥ 3 months）. Demographic characteristics， clinical indicators， laboratory parameters， and echocardiographic indices （including left ventricular ejection fraction ［LVEF］， ratio of early diastolic mitral inflow velocity to early diastolic mitral annular velocity （E/e’）， etc.） were collected. The composite endpoint was defined as the occurrence of cardiovascular events or cardiovascular death， with non-cardiovascular death as the competing risk and loss to follow-up or the end of follow-up as censoring events. Fine-Gray competing risks model was used to screen independent predictors， based on which a nomogram model was constructed. Internal validation was performed using the Bootstrap method （1 000 resamplings）， and the concordance index （C-index） and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic （time-dependent ROC） curve were calculated to evaluate the model performance. ResultsWith a median follow-up of 29 months （interquartile range： 24–35 months）， 88 patients （35.48%） reached the composite endpoint， including 80 cases of cardiovascular events and 8 cases of cardiovascular death， and 4 patients died of non-cardiovascular causes. Multivariate Fine-Gray analysis revealed that age， diabetes mellitus， hemoglobin （HGB） level and E/e' ratio were independent influencing factors of the composite endpoint. Specifically， each 1-year increase in age was associated with a 3.0% increase in the risk of the composite endpoint （HR=1.030， P=0.006）； patients with diabetes mellitus had a 167.9% higher risk compared with non-diabetic patients （HR=2.679， P=0.007）； each 1g/L increase in HGB level contributed to a 1.5% reduction in the risk （HR=0.985， P=0.003）； and each 0.1 increase in E/e' ratio led to a 7.2% increase in the risk （HR=1.072， P=0.045）. The nomogram model had a C-index of 0.76 （95% CI： 0.698–0.820）， and the AUC of the time-dependent ROC curve reached 0.849 at 23 months of follow-up. ConclusionIncreased age， complicated with diabetes mellitus， decreased HGB， and elevated E/e' ratio are independent risk factors of long-term occurrence of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death in patients undergoing long-term PD. The nomogram model constructed based on the above variables has good predictive value and clinical applicability， which can provide a reference for cardiovascular risk stratification and individualized intervention in long-term PD patients.

Objective To analyze the modeling and evaluation method for vascular restenosis animal models in the last 10 years,to provide a reference for improving animal models of vascular restenosis.Methods Literature related to vascular restenosis was retrieved from mainstream Chinese and English databases from 2013 to 2023.Data on experimental animal strains,modeling method,modeling cycles,and detection method were extracted from the included literature,and a database was established using Excel for summary analysis.Results Among the 122 identified articles,the main experimental animals were rats,rabbits,and pigs,and most animals were male.The most common modeling method was balloon injury,and the modeling cycle was mainly within 4～8 weeks.The main detection indexes were histopathology,accounting for 37.18％,including routine hematoxylin-eosin,Masson,and Elastica van Gieson(EVG)staining.Conclusions The translatability of porcine vascular restenosis models is currently more in line with expectations,but their cost is high and they are unpopular,and rats and rabbits thus remain the main animal models.Balloon injury is the main mode of modeling.Different animal models and modeling method for vascular restenosis have advantages and disadvantages,and the model should be selected according to the experimental purpose.Animal models of vascular restenosis still have some limitations,however,and better animal models are required in the future.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a non-specific chronic inflammatory bowel condition.Crohn's disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)are the 2 main types of IBD.IBD is prone to recurrent attacks,which is associated with many factors,such as immune dysfunction,intestinal microenvironment homeostasis imbalance,and environmental and genetic factors;however,its specific pathogenesis is still unclear.Zebrafish has recently emerged as an emerging animal model and have been used extensively for mechanistic research into IBD,model construction,activity evaluation,and screening of anti-IBD agents,due to their unique biological advantages.Based on the latest research progress using zebrafish in the field of IBD,this review systematically introduces the intestinal development characteristics,tissue structure,intestinal immunity,IBD model,and the application of drug screening in zebrafish,to demonstrate the value of zebrafish in the study of IBD.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of allogeneic renal subcapsular transplantation of CD24+renal epithelial cells for the treatment of acute kidney injury(AKI)induced by ischemia-reperfusion(I/R).Methods CD24+renal epithelial cells were isolated from mouse kidneys using flow cytometric sorting and expanded by passaging.C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into three groups:the normal control group(n=8,sham surgery only),the model control group(n=8,unilateral kidney I/R plus contralateral nephrectomy),and the CD24+cell treatment group(n=8,AKI model followed by renal subcapsular transplantation of CD24+cells).Mice were euthanized at 24 h after modeling and serum was collected to measure biochemical markers[serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-6(IL-6)].Renal tissues were subjected to pathological evaluation and macrophage staining.An M1-polarized macrophage model was established using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages co-cultured with CD24+renal epithelial cells.The polarization state of macrophages was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and flow cytometry.Results CD24+renal epithelial cells were successfully isolated and passaged stably.Compared with the normal control group,the model control group exhibited significantly elevated Scr and BUN levels and renal pathological damage.In contrast,the CD24+cell treatment group showed significant reduction in serum biochemical markers and pathological injury compared with the model control group,along with reduction in M1 macrophage infiltration in the kidneys(P<0.05,P<0.01).In vitro co-culture experiments demonstrated that in the CD24+co-culture group,the expression of M1 polarization-related markers in macrophages was significantly lower than that in the non-co-culture group,and the proportion of CD80+M1 macrophages in the co-culture group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Allogeneic renal subcapsular transplantation of CD24+renal epithelial cells can alleviate I/R-induced AKI by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization through paracrine mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE To systematically analyse the research status and hotspots of Jiegeng decoction from the perspective of bibliometrics,and to provide theoretical references for its clinical application and in-depth research.METHODS We searched the relevant literature in the databases of China Knowledge Network(CNKI),Wanfang and VIP up to March 2025,and used NoteExpress for de-duplication and screening,combined with Excel,CiteSpace,and VOSviewer to analyse the dimensions of trend of issuance,country/institution cooperation,author network,and keywords.The dimensions of publication trend,country/institution collaboration,author network and keywords were visualised and analysed by combining Excel,CiteSpace and VOSviewer.RESULTS A total of 597 Chi-nese articles were included.The number of variable publications was characterised by a four-stage evolution,with the core research in-stitutions focusing on TCM colleges and affiliated hospitals,and less cross-country collaboration.Literature focused on the effects of Jiegeng decoction on"cough","treatment"and"chronic pharyngitis".Emerging keywords indicated that"mechanism of action","therapeutic effect","medication pattern"and"antiviral"were emerging hot topics in recent years.CONCLUSION The study of Jiegeng decoction is shifting from single disease treatment to multi-target system regulation.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the interdisciplinary integration,deepen the research on the immunomodulatory mechanism of Jiegeng decoction in respiratory viral in-fections,build the"chemical component-biological effect"related quality control system,deepen the combination of network pharma-cology and real-world research,and provide a new paradigm for the modernisation of classical prescriptions.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanisms of allogeneic renal subcapsular transplantation of CD24+renal epithelial cells for the treatment of acute kidney injury(AKI)induced by ischemia-reperfusion(I/R).Methods CD24+renal epithelial cells were isolated from mouse kidneys using flow cytometric sorting and expanded by passaging.C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into three groups:the normal control group(n=8,sham surgery only),the model control group(n=8,unilateral kidney I/R plus contralateral nephrectomy),and the CD24+cell treatment group(n=8,AKI model followed by renal subcapsular transplantation of CD24+cells).Mice were euthanized at 24 h after modeling and serum was collected to measure biochemical markers[serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-6(IL-6)].Renal tissues were subjected to pathological evaluation and macrophage staining.An M1-polarized macrophage model was established using mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages co-cultured with CD24+renal epithelial cells.The polarization state of macrophages was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qPCR)and flow cytometry.Results CD24+renal epithelial cells were successfully isolated and passaged stably.Compared with the normal control group,the model control group exhibited significantly elevated Scr and BUN levels and renal pathological damage.In contrast,the CD24+cell treatment group showed significant reduction in serum biochemical markers and pathological injury compared with the model control group,along with reduction in M1 macrophage infiltration in the kidneys(P<0.05,P<0.01).In vitro co-culture experiments demonstrated that in the CD24+co-culture group,the expression of M1 polarization-related markers in macrophages was significantly lower than that in the non-co-culture group,and the proportion of CD80+M1 macrophages in the co-culture group decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Allogeneic renal subcapsular transplantation of CD24+renal epithelial cells can alleviate I/R-induced AKI by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization through paracrine mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE To systematically analyse the research status and hotspots of Jiegeng decoction from the perspective of bibliometrics,and to provide theoretical references for its clinical application and in-depth research.METHODS We searched the relevant literature in the databases of China Knowledge Network(CNKI),Wanfang and VIP up to March 2025,and used NoteExpress for de-duplication and screening,combined with Excel,CiteSpace,and VOSviewer to analyse the dimensions of trend of issuance,country/institution cooperation,author network,and keywords.The dimensions of publication trend,country/institution collaboration,author network and keywords were visualised and analysed by combining Excel,CiteSpace and VOSviewer.RESULTS A total of 597 Chi-nese articles were included.The number of variable publications was characterised by a four-stage evolution,with the core research in-stitutions focusing on TCM colleges and affiliated hospitals,and less cross-country collaboration.Literature focused on the effects of Jiegeng decoction on"cough","treatment"and"chronic pharyngitis".Emerging keywords indicated that"mechanism of action","therapeutic effect","medication pattern"and"antiviral"were emerging hot topics in recent years.CONCLUSION The study of Jiegeng decoction is shifting from single disease treatment to multi-target system regulation.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the interdisciplinary integration,deepen the research on the immunomodulatory mechanism of Jiegeng decoction in respiratory viral in-fections,build the"chemical component-biological effect"related quality control system,deepen the combination of network pharma-cology and real-world research,and provide a new paradigm for the modernisation of classical prescriptions.

Objective To analyze the modeling and evaluation method for vascular restenosis animal models in the last 10 years,to provide a reference for improving animal models of vascular restenosis.Methods Literature related to vascular restenosis was retrieved from mainstream Chinese and English databases from 2013 to 2023.Data on experimental animal strains,modeling method,modeling cycles,and detection method were extracted from the included literature,and a database was established using Excel for summary analysis.Results Among the 122 identified articles,the main experimental animals were rats,rabbits,and pigs,and most animals were male.The most common modeling method was balloon injury,and the modeling cycle was mainly within 4～8 weeks.The main detection indexes were histopathology,accounting for 37.18％,including routine hematoxylin-eosin,Masson,and Elastica van Gieson(EVG)staining.Conclusions The translatability of porcine vascular restenosis models is currently more in line with expectations,but their cost is high and they are unpopular,and rats and rabbits thus remain the main animal models.Balloon injury is the main mode of modeling.Different animal models and modeling method for vascular restenosis have advantages and disadvantages,and the model should be selected according to the experimental purpose.Animal models of vascular restenosis still have some limitations,however,and better animal models are required in the future.

Objective:To assess the trends in the burden of periodontal disease among individuals aged 60 years and above in China from 1990 to 2021, thereby providing a scientific foundation for the development of targeted prevention and control strategies for periodontal disease in the elderly.Methods:Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021), key indicators including incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates were analyzed. Age-standardized rates were determined using the global standard population. Trends in the disease burden of periodontal disease among the elderly population in China from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed using Joinpoint regression analysis, and an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to forecast the disease burden from 2022 to 2036.Results:The annual average percentage changes (AAPC) in the number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs due to periodontal disease among individuals aged 60 years and above in China from 1990 to 2021 were 3.215% (95% CI: 3.149%-3.281%, P<0.05), 3.161% (95% CI:3.037%-3.286%, P<0.05), and 3.091%(95% CI: 2.887%-3.296%, P<0.05), respectively. The results indicated that the average annual change trends of the number of incident cases, number of prevalent cases, and number of DALYs were real upward trends. Compared with other age groups, the number of incident cases, prevalent cases, and DALYs were the highest among the population aged 60-69 years. The AAPC for age-standardized incidence rate, prevalence, and DALY rates were -0.012% (95% CI:-0.031%-0.008%, P>0.05), 0.023% (95% CI:-0.070%-0.116%, P>0.05), and 0.013% (95% CI:-0.089%-0.115%, P>0.05), respectively. This indicated that the average annual change trends of the age-standardized incidence rate, age-standardized prevalence rate, and age-standardized DALY rate might be caused by random fluctuations. Males exhibited higher prevalence and DALY rates than females across all age groups ( P<0.05), whereas the incidence rates showed minimal differences between males and females across all age groups. The ARIMA forecast model indicated that the age-standardized incidence rate among males in the elderly population in China was relatively stable, while that among females showed a downward trend; the age-standardized prevalence and DALY rates followed a pattern of "decline-rise-decline". Conclusions:The disease burden of periodontal disease among Chinese adults aged 60 and above showed an overall upward trend from 1990 to 2021, with males and individuals aged 60-69 identified as high-risk groups. With the exacerbation of aging, the prevention and control situation remains severe, necessitating the implementation of gender-differentiated interventions to reduce the disease burden.