Objective To evaluate the environmental radioactive safety level in China, monitor the radioactivity of strontium-90 (⁹⁰Sr) in seafood from selected marine regions of China, and optimize the di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) extraction chromatography method for determining Sr-90 in seafood. Methods In 2023, seafoods of fish, shrimp, shellfish, and seaweed were collected from the Shandong Province (Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea) and Hainan Province (South China Sea). The levels of Sr in the samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES). The ⁹⁰Sr separation were performed using HDEHP extraction chromatography, while the recovery of ⁹⁰Sr were determined by the gravitmetry with the assistant of ICP-AES. Results The content of strontium in seafoods varies greatly, and excessive strontium and calcium in seafood may lead to overestimated recovery due to insufficient leaching during chromatographic separation by HDEHP extraction. Therefore, the yttrium content in the eluent should be analyzed by ICP . The radioactivity of ⁹⁰Sr in seafood from the sea areas in Shandong Province was 0.22-1.85 Bq/kg (dry weight), and that of seafood from Hainan Province was 0.19-1.82 Bq/kg (dry weight). Conclusion For the analysis of shirmp and seaweed samples, the recovery rate of ⁹⁰Sr should be analyzed using both gravimetry and ICP-AES. There is no significant linear correlation between total Sr and ⁹⁰Sr in seafood. There is no significant difference in ⁹⁰Sr radioactivity between the seafood samples collected from Shandong and Hainan. The ⁹⁰Sr radioactivity levels of all 28 samples are below the limit specified in the Limited concentrations of radioactive materials in foods (GB 14882—1994) and are within the range of environmental background fluctuations.

Objective To organize a nationwide interlaboratory comparison for measurement of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water, and improve the laboratory analysis of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water. Methods A unified comparison protocol was developed by the organizers. The groundwater with high natural radioactivity was used as water sample and distributed randomly to the participating laboratories. The participating laboratories used routine analytical methods to measure the samples and provided information such as analytical results, original records, and test reports. The results were evaluated using z-score. Results A total of 76 laboratories participated in the comparison, all employing the evaporation concentration-α/β counting method. Among them, 69 laboratories achieved |z| ≤ 2 for both gross α and gross β radioactivity measurements, and 32 laboratories achieved |z| ≤ 0.50 for both gross α and gross β radioactivity measurements. There were 69 laboratories with qualified results and 30 laboratories with excellent results, yielding a qualified rate of 90.8% and an excellent rate of 39.5%. Seven laboratories showed unqualified results and the unqualified rate was 9.2%. Conclusion Most laboratories have the ability to analyze gross α and gross β radioactivity in water. The main reasons for the deviation in comparison results are calibration efficiency, errors in the total residue mass caused by improper water sample processing operations. By analyzing the main technical problems existed in unqualified laboratories, their ability for measurement of gross α and gross β radioactivity in water has been improved.

Diabetic cataract, a prevalent ocular complication of diabetes mellitus, arises from a complex interplay of pathological mechanisms, with oxidative stress and glycation stress playing central roles. Autophagy, a critical cellular self-protection mechanism, sustains intracellular homeostasis by selectively degrading damaged organelles and misfolded proteins, thereby counteracting the detrimental effects of oxidative and glycation stress under hyperglycemic conditions. Emerging evidence indicates a synergistic interaction between glycation stress and oxidative stress, which may exacerbate autophagic dysfunction and accelerate the onset and progression of diabetic cataract. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship remain incompletely understood. This review systematically examines the regulatory role of autophagy inthe pathogenesis of diabetic cataract, with a particular focus on how autophagic impairment influences disease progression under the combined effects of glycation and oxidative stress. By elucidating these mechanisms, the paper aims to provide novel insights into molecular diagnostic approaches and targeted therapeutic strategies for diabetic cataract.

Palliative and hospice care is an emerging medical care model for the development of modern medicine,and its emergence is not only a sign of social demand and the development of human civilization,but also an important manifestation of the change in the modern medical model.Hospice care is the final stage of palliative care,which is of great significance for the end-of-life treatment of incurable diseases.Palliative and hospice care has become an independent discipline in many countries,and its development has been rapid.However,the develop-ment of hospice and palliative care in China is not satisfactory,and the lack of money and human resources are the main reasons limiting its development.Many scholars have carried out a lot of useful practices in this regard.How to explore a road of hospice and palliative care development suitable for China′s national conditions is an urgent problem to be solved.By reviewing domestic and foreign literature,this paper summarizes the development mode and payment method of palliative and hospice care abroad,identifies the challenges encountered in the practice of hospice care in China,and draws on the development experience of palliative and hospice care in foreign countries.We aimed to identify pain points and difficulties faced in developing palliative and hospice care in China,so as to better serve patients at the end of life,gradually promote the concept of palliative and hospice care,and contribute to the sustainable development of palliative and hospice care in China.

Objective: To investigate the impact of childhood traumatic experiences on individual risktaking decisions in early adulthood using functional nearinfrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), so as to provide the reference for clarifying the brain mechanisms underlying the impact of childhood trauma on individual risky decision. Methods: From December 2023 to March 2024, 28 children with childhood trauma experiences (trauma group) and 32 healthy college students (control group) were selected from Jining Medical University by a combination of stratified descent and convenient sampling methods. All subjects participated in the Iowa Game task fNIRS scanning. The brain activation, functional connectivity, graph theory properties (degree centrality, betweenness centrality, and local efficiency), and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis were performed by using preprocessing fNIRS data. Results: Compared with control group, trauma group showed significantly fewer choice times in the inferior deck (Z=-0.88), and showed significantly decreased activation levels in the right frontalpolar (Z=-2.59), as well as showed significant decreased functional connectivity between left dorsolateral prefrontal and in right dorsolateral prefrontal (Z=-3.78), and between left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the right frontal pole (Z=-3.68)(P<0.05). The central index of right inferior frontal gyrus in the trauma group was higher than that in the control group, while the central index of left and right dorsolateral frontal lobes was lower than that in the control group (Z=2.13, -2.53, -2.12, P<0.05). The centrality index of the right inferior frontal gyrus in the trauma group was higher than that in the control group (Z=2.47, P<0.05). The local efficiency indicators of the right inferior frontal gyrus, left and right frontal pole in the trauma group were higher than those in the control group (Z=2.51, 2.17, 2.53, P<0.05). The results of the ROC curve analysis showed that the local efficiency achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC=0.68). Conclusions Young adults with childhood trauma experience tend to choose lower loss, and the frontal pole shows a lack of activation in the whole process of risk decision performance. The abnormalities in the brain connectivity and network properties might be the neural basis of excessive defense mechanisms that childhood trauma leads to risky decisions.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Ruyi Zhenbaowan（RYZBW）in the treatment of initial and early knee osteoarthritis （KOA） through a prospective multicenter，randomized，double-blind，and placebo-parallel controlled trial. MethodFrom October 13^th， 2021 to December 25^th， 2021， 240 KOA subjects meeting the acceptance criteria were enrolled in 15 sub-centers including Wangjing Hospital， Chinese Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences， and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group， with 120 cases in each group. The intervention measures for the observation group were RYZBW + health education， and the intervention measures for the control group were RYZBW placebo + health education. The intervention period in both groups was four weeks， and they were followed up for four weeks after the intervention. The primary outcome measure was the total score of Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index score （WOMAC score）， and the secondary outcome measures were the response rate of visual scale （VAS） pain score， WOMAC sub item scores （joint pain， joint stiffness， and joint function）， quality of life （SF-12） score， and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score. Result（1） Efficacy evaluation. The marginal model results showed that the observation group was better than the control group in improving the WOMAC total score and WOMAC pain score in the treatment of KOA with RYZBW， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference between the two groups in improving VAS score response rate， WOMAC function score， WOMAC stiffness score， SF12-PCS （quality of life-physical health） score， SF12-MCS （quality of life-mental health） score， and TCM syndrome score. （2） Subgroup analysis. ① In terms of VAS score response rate， the response rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group for subjects with baseline VAS score of （4， 5］， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. ② In terms of TCM syndrome score， for subjects aged ［56， 60］ and ［61， 65］， the decrease in total TCM syndrome score in the observation group was better than that in the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. ConclusionTibetan medicine RYZBW has good clinical efficacy in improving WOMAC total score， VAS score response rate， WOMAC pain score， WOMAC function score， and TCM syndrome score for patients with initial and early KOA， which can fill the lack of Tibetan medicine RYZBW in the treatment of KOA and make a demonstration study for the inheritance and development of ethnic medicine.

Objective: To understand the relationship between family environment and depressive symptoms among adolescent, and to provide a reference for adolescent mental health promotion and intervention. Methods: From September to December in 2021, a questionnaire survey on family environment and depressive symptoms was conducted among 8 102 middle school students by random cluster sampling method in Shanghai, Urumqi, Changsha and Kunming. The Chi square test was used to compare the depression status of students in different family environments. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between family environment and depressive symptoms. Results: The detection rates of possible depression, likely depression and severe depression in adolescents were 11.2%, 5.9% and 8.4%, respectively. There were significant differences in the detection rate of depression by gender, academic period, urban and rural areas, family forms and only child statu( χ 2=87.60, 27.19, 6.65, 45.59, 4.78, P <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents in single parent families ( OR =1.45) and reorganized families( OR =1.69) were positively correlated with the occurrence of depressive symptoms compared with those in nuclear families( P <0.01). Conclusion Compared with nuclear families, the risks of adolescent depressive symptoms in single parent families and reorganized families are higher. Attention should be paid to the mental health education of teenagers from single parents and reorganized families to ensure the development of their physical and mental health.

Objective:To achieve rapid and accurate detection of trace uranium in drinking water by analyzing the factors influencing the accuracy of uranium measurement in drinking water using ultraviolet fluorescence method and by evaluating the uncertainty in measurement.Methods:The influence of acidity, Fe 3+ and Mn 2+ contents on the analitical result were studied to optimize the measurement conditions. The accuracy of the measurement method was verified in 7 laboratories. By studying the errors introduced in the process of standard preparation, sample pretreatment and measurement, the sources of uncertainty were analyzed and the uncertainty was synthesized. Results:At pH 1-11 in aqueous solution, the linear regression coefficient of the standard curve was greater than 0.995, which was in line with the linear measurement range of the instrument. At pH 12 or so, the linear regression coefficient was 0.761, which could not meet the measurement requirements. At pH<3 or pH>10, the increase in fluorescence count was lower, which might increase the measurement error. At Fe 3+ concentration ≥15 mg/L, a large deviation occurred in measurement value that could affect seriously measurement result. At Mn 2+ concentration ≥ 1.6 mg/L, the sample produced white precipitation, which could affect the measurement accuracy. Three spiked water samples with different concentrations were determined in 8 laboratories. Each water sample was measured six times in parallel. The relative standard uncertainty of the result were 6.42×10 -2, 4.48×10 -2 and 5.26×10 -2 μg/L, and the expanded uncertainties were 0.03, 0.06 and 0.12 μg/L( k=2), respectively. Conclusions:The optimum conditions for the determination of uranium in water using this method pH were in samples 3-10, the concentration of Fe 3+ less than 15 mg/L, and the concentration of Mn 2+ less than or equal to 1.6 mg/L. The main sources of uncertainty in the measurement of uranium in water using ultraviolet fluorescence method arise from the repeated measurement error and the volume of added standard solution.

Objective:To study the influence of source thickness and counting efficiency calibration on the measurement of gross alpha activity in water.Methods:241Am and natural uranium reference materials were spiked in drinking water to prepare source on a planchet with different thickness, for counting alpha activity on the planchet. Results:The effective thickness measured by spiking 241Am or uranium standard solution in water sample was consistent with the empirical value of 4 mg/cm 2. The alpha counting rate was in a linear increase trend from 2A-5A mg/cm 2 and was basically stable and no longer increase when thickness was higher than 10A mg/cm 2 (A was area of planchet). The result calculated by effective thickness method and thick source method were in good agreement when thickness was 10A mg/cm 2. Conclusions:In order to reduce the deviation of gross alpha counting rate caused by the source thickness and counting efficiency calibration, the source thickness is recommended to be 10A mg/cm 2.

The tilted supine position has been evaluated to be one of the significantly effective approaches to prevent bedsore of the patients in the bedridden state. Thus, it has deeply positive influences that in view of dynamics this study explores how the position works. Based on the anatomical theories, this study formulates the human dynamic model. Furthermore, the dynamic simulation of three usual postures in tilted supine position including lying on back, lying with one knee bent and lying with the upper and lower limb on one side lifted is carried out. Therefore, the changes of the three driving forces named as chest force, waist force and thigh force in the tilted supine position can be observed. In order to verify the validity of this simulation, this study obtains the electromyogram measurements of ectopectoralis, external obliques and thigh muscles which are respectively close to the chest, waist and thigh by conducting the human force measurements experiment. The result revealed that in terms of range and trend, the experimental data and simulation's data were consistent. In conclusion, the changes of these muscles in the supine position movements are researched efficiently by both this experiment and the dynamic simulation. Besides, the result is crucially key to find the mechanism of human's tilted supine position movements.
Biomechanical Phenomena ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Models, Anatomic ; Movement ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Posture ; Supine Position