ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanisms by which Renshentang treats atherosclerosis （AS） in mice， focusing on the regulation of endothelial inflammatory responses mediated by transient receptor potential vanilloid subtype 1 （TRPV1）. MethodsAn AS model was established in apolipoprotein E knockout （ApoE^-/-） mice fed a high-fat diet. The mice were randomly divided into a simvastatin group （0.02 g·kg^-1·d^-1） and low-， medium-， and high-dose Renshentang groups （1.77， 3.54， 7.08 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， with 12 mice in each group. ApoE^-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet and treated simultaneously. C57BL/6J mice fed a normal diet served as the normal group （n=9）. After continuous administration for 12 weeks， mice were anesthetized and the aortas were collected. Oil Red O staining was used to observe lipid plaque formation in the aorta. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to examine pathological changes in the aortic root. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the levels of pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， as well as the expression of TRPV1， phosphorylated phosphoinositide 3-kinase （p-PI3K）， and phosphorylated protein kinase B （p-Akt） in the aortic root. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS） mRNA expression in the aorta， and Western blot was used to detect TRPV1 protein expression. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the model group showed a significant increase in aortic plaque formation （P<0.01） and significantly elevated levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the aortic root （P<0.01）. The expression levels of TRPV1， p-PI3K， and p-Akt were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and eNOS mRNA expression was reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， all Renshentang groups significantly reduced aortic plaque formation （P<0.01）， significantly decreased TNF-α and IL-1β levels （P<0.01）， and markedly increased the expression levels of TRPV1， p-PI3K， p-Akt， and eNOS mRNA （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionRenshentang may inhibit endothelial inflammation and suppress the formation of AS by increasing TRPV1 protein expression and up-regulating the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway， which may be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effect against AS.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Zuogui Wan （ZGW） in improving ovarian inflammatory microenvironment and stemness of ovarian germline stem cells （OSCs） for treating ovarian aging via the cyclic guanosine monophosphate/adenosine monophosphate synthase （cGAS）/stimulator of interferon genes （STING） signaling pathway. MethodsForty C57BL/6 female mice were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， a low-dose ZGW group （2.7 g·kg^-1）， a high-dose ZGW group （5.4 g·kg^-1）， and an estradiol valerate group （0.15 mg·kg^-1）， with 8 mice in each group. Except the blank group， all other groups received a single intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide at 120 mg·kg^-1 to establish an ovarian aging mouse model. After successful modeling， each group was continuously administered for 4 weeks， once daily. The physiological status of the mice was observed， and the ovarian index was calculated. The estrus cycle of the mice was monitored. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in ovarian tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum sex hormone levels. Serum inflammatory factors interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and mouse interleukin-6 （IL-6） levels were detected using kits. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of ovarian cGAS， STING， p-STING， TANK-binding kinase 1 （TBK1）， p-TBK1， interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 （Fragilis）， and Vasa homolog protein （MVH）. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in ovarian tissue. Immunofluorescence double labeling was performed to locate OSCs in ovarian tissues， and fluorescence intensities of OSCs markers MVH and octamer binding transcription factor 4 （Oct4） were calculated. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed reduced body weight， ovarian wet weight， and ovarian index （P<0.01） and a disordered estrus cycle （P<0.01）. In addition， the levels of serum follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β were increased （P<0.01）， while anti-Müllerian hormone （AMH） and estradiol （E₂） levels were decreased （P<0.01）. The protein expression of cGAS， p-STING/STING， and p-TBK1/TBK1 in ovarian tissue was increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while that of OSCs stemness factors MVH and Fragilis was reduced （P<0.01）. Immunofluorescence indicated a reduction in MVH and Oct4 expression in OSCs （P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β in ovarian tissue was increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the treatment groups exhibited improved body weight， ovarian wet weight， and ovarian index （P<0.05） and a reduced rate of estrus cycle disorder （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The levels of serum FSH， TNF-α， IL-6， and IL-1β were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while AMH and E₂ levels were increased （P<0.01）. The protein expression levels of cGAS， p-STING/STING， and p-TBK1/TBK1 in ovarian tissue were decreased （P<0.05）， while the protein expression of MVH and Fragilis was increased （P<0.05）， and the fluorescence intensities of MVH and Oct4 were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors in ovarian tissue was decreased （P<0.05）. ConclusionZGW alleviate ovarian inflammatory response， regulate ovarian microenvironment homeostasis， and maintain stemness of OSCs in ovarian aging mice probably by modulating the cGAS-STING signaling pathway， thereby improving ovarian function and delaying ovarian aging.

Objective: To understand the awareness of chikungunya fever knowledge and its related factors among medical college students in Baise City, so as to provide a scientific basis to offer relevant courses and special education. Methods: From July to August 2025, 7 286 enrolled medical students were selected by a sampling method from a medical college in Baise City to participate in the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire covered epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms, and prevention/control knowledge of chikungunya fever. Statistical analyses including the Chi quare test and multivariate Logistic regression models were performed. Results: The overall awareness rate of chikungunya fever knowledge among the medical students was 18.89%. Among the knowledge items, the awareness rate of "the high incidence season" was the highest (84.05%), while that of "the infectious period" was the lowest (17.80%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that medical students with female (a OR= 1.37 , 95%CI =1.20- 1.57 ), the age for over 25 years old (a OR=1.76, 95%CI =1.05-2.93), whose father had a middle school educational level (a OR=1.18, 95%CI =1.05-1.31), and majored in preventive medicine (a OR=1.54, 95%CI =1.10-1.67) had relatively higher awareness rates of chikungunya fever knowledge (all P <0.05). In contrast, students of Zhuang ethnicity (a OR= 0.87 , 95%CI =0.76-0.98) and majoring in nursing (a OR=0.74, 95%CI =0.61-0.91) or pharmacy (a OR=0.70, 95%CI =0.52-0.95) had relatively lower awareness rates (all P <0.05). Conclusions The awareness rate of chikungunya fever related knowledge among medical college students in Baise City is relatively low. Schools should take targeted publicity measures to improve medical students awareness.

ObjectiveTo investigate the anti‑pancreatic fibrosis mechanism of Klotho‑derived peptide 7 （KL7） by observing its effect on a mouse model of chronic pancreatitis （CP） induced by cerulean， and to provide a basis for clinical medication. MethodsA total of 40 male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， low-dose KL7 group （2 mg/kg）， and high-dose KL7 group （4 mg/kg）， with 10 mice in each group. All mice except those in the control group were given intraperitoneal injection of cerulean （50 μg/kg） 6 times a day at an interval of 1 hour， twice a week for 4 consecutive weeks to establish a model of CP. The mice in the low-dose KL7 group and the high-dose KL7 group were treated with different doses of KL7 once a day for 4 consecutive weeks. In vivo imaging was used to observe the accumulation of KL7 in the pancreas； molecular docking was used to detect the binding of KL7 to transforming growth factor-β type Ⅱ receptor （TβRⅡ）； the mice were measured in terms of body weight and pancreatic weight； HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of pancreatic tissue； Masson staining was used to observe the degree of pancreatic fibrosis； immunohistochemical staining was used to measure the expression of α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA） and type Ⅰ collagen （COL1A1）； Western blotting was used to measure the protein expression levels of α-SMA， TβRII， and phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2/3 （p-Smad2/3） in pancreatic tissue. A one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of continuous data between multiple groups， and the least significant difference t-test and the Dunnett’s-T3 test were used for further comparison between two groups. ResultsKL7 was significantly enriched in the pancreatic tissue of CP mice， and there was a strong binding activity between KL7 and TβRⅡ. Compared with the control group， the model group had significant reductions in pancreatic mass and relative pancreatic mass （P<0.000 1）， with disordered structure of pancreatic tissue， an increase in inflammatory cell infiltration， and significant increases in fibrosis degree， the positive areas of α-SMA and COL1A1 （P<0.000 1）， and the protein expression levels of α-SMA， TβRⅡ， and p-Smad2/3 （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the high-dose KL7 group had significant increases in pancreatic mass and relative pancreatic mass （P<0.01）， with alleviation of structural damage of pancreatic tissue and inflammatory cell infiltration， a significant reduction in fibrosis degree， and significant reductions in the positive areas of α-SMA and COL1A1 （P<0.001） and the protein expression levels of α-SMA， TβRⅡ， and p-Smad2/3 （P<0.01）. ConclusionKL7 has a significant targeted therapeutic effect on pancreatic fibrosis in CP mice through specific binding of KL7 to TβRⅡ， thereby inhibiting the activation of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

Diabetic cataract, a prevalent ocular complication of diabetes mellitus, arises from a complex interplay of pathological mechanisms, with oxidative stress and glycation stress playing central roles. Autophagy, a critical cellular self-protection mechanism, sustains intracellular homeostasis by selectively degrading damaged organelles and misfolded proteins, thereby counteracting the detrimental effects of oxidative and glycation stress under hyperglycemic conditions. Emerging evidence indicates a synergistic interaction between glycation stress and oxidative stress, which may exacerbate autophagic dysfunction and accelerate the onset and progression of diabetic cataract. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this relationship remain incompletely understood. This review systematically examines the regulatory role of autophagy inthe pathogenesis of diabetic cataract, with a particular focus on how autophagic impairment influences disease progression under the combined effects of glycation and oxidative stress. By elucidating these mechanisms, the paper aims to provide novel insights into molecular diagnostic approaches and targeted therapeutic strategies for diabetic cataract.

The paper introduces Professor FAN Gangqi's clinical experience in treatment of migraine. Regarding the syndrome/pattern differentiation of TCM, a four-approach framework is established, identifying the nature of illness, analyzing the syndrome/pattern and pathogenesis, determining the stage of illness, and identifying body constitution. In treatment, the principle of treatment is determined in line with syndrome/pattern differentiation, so as to ensure the therapeutic effect by means of "four dimensions". The acupuncture regimens are formulated in terms of the illness stages, "strong needling stimulation in acute stage for analgesia, and needle retaining in chronic stage for long-term effect". "Focusing on neuovascular pathway" is the effective approach to treatment of migraine with acupuncture and moxiubstion. The clinical holistic model by combining acupuncture with medication is advocated because that "the single acupuncture is weak in therapeutic effect, but with medication combined, the effect is enhanced". The different acupuncture techniques are provided comprehensively in treatment of migraine such as horizontal and row-like needling, collateral needling at Taiyang (EX-HN5), acupuncture at Sankong (Yuyao [EX-HN4], Sibai [ST2] and Jiachengjiang [Extra]), acupoint injection at Tianyou (TE16) and Renying (ST9), and acupoint embedding therapy at Fengchi (GB20).
Humans ; Migraine Disorders/diagnosis* ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Moxibustion ; Acupuncture Points ; Female ; Male ; Adult

Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are a recently defined subtype of non-recirculating memory T cells with longevity and protective functions in peripheral tissues. As an essential frontline defense against infections, TRM cells have been reported to robustly patrol the tissue microenvironment in malignancies. Accumulating evidence also implicates that TRM cells in the relapse of chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis and vitiligo. In light of these developments, this review aims to synthesize these recent findings to enhance our understanding of TRM cell characteristics and actions. Therefore, after providing a brief overview of the general features of the TRM cells, including precursors, homing, retention, and maintenance, we discuss recent insights gained into their heterogeneous functions in skin diseases. Specifically, we explore their involvement in conditions such as psoriasis, vitiligo, fixed drug eruption - dermatological manifestations of drug reactions at the same spot, cutaneous T cell lymphoma, and melanoma. By integrating these diverse perspectives, this review develops a comprehensive model of TRM cell behavior in various skin-related pathologies. In conclusion, our review emphasizes that deciphering the characteristics and mechanisms of TRM cell actions holds potential not only for discovering methods to slow cancer growth but also for reducing the frequency of recurrent chronic inflammation in skin tissue.
Humans ; Skin Diseases/immunology* ; Memory T Cells/immunology* ; Animals ; Vitiligo/immunology* ; Psoriasis/immunology* ; Immunologic Memory

Globally, over 300 million surgeries are performed each year, and more than 50% of surgeries involve patients aged 65 and older. Aging poses significant challenges to perioperative brain health, as the deterioration of brain structure and function increases susceptibility to postoperative neurological complications. Protecting perioperative brain health remains a worldwide clinical challenge. With senescence, the brain undergoes a progressive decline in homeostasis across various molecular, cellular, and regional functions. Anesthetics and surgical stimuli may accelerate the disruption of brain homeostasis and exacerbate age-related neurodegeneration. This review provides a framework for understanding how anesthesia and surgery can affect brain health in the aging population and contribute to postoperative neurological complications, with a particular focus on perioperative neurocognitive disorder.

Thirteen novel diterpenoids, comprising seven tiglianes (walliglianes G-M, 1-7), four rhamnofolanes (wallinofolanes A-D, 8-11), and two daphnanes (wallaphnanes A and B, 12 and 13), together with two known rhamnofolane diterpenoids (euphorwallside H and euphorwallside I, 14 and 15), were isolated and characterized from Euphorbia wallichii(E. wallichii). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS), and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 9 and 11 demonstrated protective effects against H₂O₂-induced BV-2 microglial cell damage. Molecular docking analyses indicated that compound 9 exhibited binding affinity to the anti-oxidant-related targets HMGCR, GSTP1, and SHBG.
Euphorbia/chemistry* ; Antioxidants/isolation & purification* ; Diterpenes/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Mice ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Animals ; Hydrogen Peroxide/toxicity* ; Cell Line ; Microglia/drug effects*

Objective:To discuss the optimal doping concentration of vanadium(V)and silicon(Si)co-doped TiO? coating(V-Si TiO?)formed on titanium surface by electrochemical treatment,to evaluate its antibacterial effect under visible light irradiation,and to clarify its visible light response mechanism.Methods:The medical pure titanium sheets were subjected to micro-arc oxidation followed by high-temperature calcination,and V-Si TiO2 coatings with different doping concentrations were prepared by adjusting the ratio of V to Si in the electrolyte.The experiment was divided into 1V:10Si(V5Si50)group,2V:10Si(V10Si50)group,and 3V:10Si(V15Si50)group;control group was set up(contains only bacterial culture medium).The optimal doping concentration was screened based on comprehensive evaluation of surface morphology,ion release,photocatalytic ability,and biocompatibility;cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method was used to detect the proliferation activities and the survival rates of the cells in various group.Subsequently,the optimized coating was characterized and compared by scanning electron microscope(SEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),digital eddy current coating thickness gauge,X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscope(XPS),and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy(UV-vis).The experiment was divided into PT group(blank control),PEO group(no element doping),V10 group(V doping),Si50 group(Si doping),and V10Si50 group(2V:10Si).The ability of the coating materials to degrade methylene blue(MB)and generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)under visible light were detected.For antibacterial experiments,Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)were used.The colony counts on plates in various groups were recorded after visible light irradiation for 2 h and dark treatment for 2 h,respectively.The ROS levels were detected using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)ROS probe.ROS scavenging experiment was performed using the optimal doping concentration V10Si50 group,and the two kinds of bacteria were divided into blank control group,N-acetylcysteine(NAC)group,V10Si50 group,and NAC+V10Si50 group.The colony counts on plates in various groups were recorded after visible light irradiation for 2 h.Results:The V concentration of 0.01 mol·L?1 and Si concentration of 0.05 mol·L?1 in the electrolyte solution were the optimal doping concentrations for the V-Si TiO? coating.The SEM observation results showed that compared with V5Si50 group and V15Si50 group,the surface pore size of the coating material in V10Si50 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the coating thickness was significantly increased(P<0.05);its crystal structure was mainly anatase type,and the MB degradation rate of the coating material in V10Si50 group after 9 h of visible light catalysis was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the cell proliferation activity and cell survival rate in V10Si50 group were significantly increased at 1,2,and 4 d of cell culture(P<0.05);at 2 and 4 d of cell culture,the cell proliferation activity and cell survival rate in V5Si50 group and V15Si50 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with PT,PEO,and Si50 groups,the colony counts of two kinds of the bacteria in V10 group and V10Si50 group after visible light irradiation for 2 h were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with PT group and PEO group,the ROS levels in two kinds of the bacteria in V10Si50 group after 2 h of irradiation were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with V10Si50 group,the colony counts of two kinds of the bacteria in NAC+V10Si50 group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:A reasonably loaded V-Si TiO? coating material(V10Si50)was screened out,which maintained good biological activity and significantly enhanced the antibacterial effect under visible light irradiation.