Image 1.

BackgroundWith the exacerbation of population aging， the number of elderly patients with mental disorders has increased significantly. The high prevalence of pulmonary infection in the aging population has largely contributed to the increased medical burdens and mortality rate， so preventing pulmonary infection in elderly patients with mental disorders has become a critical challenge in clinical practice. www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO注册号：CRD42024553735 ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of pulmonary infection in elderly patients with mental disorders， so as to provide references for preventing the occurrence of pulmonary infection in this population. MethodsOn July 1， 2024， computer searches of CNKI， China Biomedical Literature Database （CBM）， Wanfang， PubMed， Web of Science， Embase， Cochrane Library and Ovid were conducted from the inception of each database to June 2024. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening， data extraction and quality assessment. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. ResultsA total of 17 literature （14 in Chinese， 3 in English） involving 75 724 elderly patients with mental disorders were included. Meta analysis revealed that the incidence rate of pulmonary infection in elderly patients with mental disorders was 20.8% （95% CI： 0.154~0.263）. Subgroup analysis indicated that the incidence rates of pulmonary infection among patients with dementia， schizophrenia， depression and unspecified mental disorders were 21.9% （95% CI： 0.182~0.256）， 20.6% （95% CI： 0.129~0.283）， 18.4% （95% CI： 0.136~0.232） and 5.2% （95% CI： 0.430~0.062）， respectively. In terms of influencing factors， the following were identified as risk factors for pulmonary infection in elderly patients with mental disorders： comorbid diabetes mellitus （OR=1.29， 95% CI： 1.24~1.34）， prolonged bed rest （OR=2.41， 95% CI： 2.10~2.76）， dysphagia （OR=1.76， 95% CI： 1.53~2.03）， smoking history （OR=6.27， 95% CI： 5.97~6.59）， irrational use of antibiotics （OR=2.10， 95% CI： 1.79~2.45）， hypoalbuminemia （OR=1.57， 95% CI： 1.35~1.83）， duration of illness （OR=2.05， 95% CI： 1.79~2.36）， age （OR=9.04， 95% CI： 8.44~9.68）， length of hospital stay （OR=2.68， 95% CI： 1.65~4.34）， use of proton pump inhibitors （OR=1.10， 95% CI： 1.06~1.14）， history of chronic lung disease （OR=1.50， 95% CI： 1.43~1.57）， poor oral hygiene （OR=3.66， 95% CI： 1.01~13.23）， comorbid tumors （OR=3.12， 95% CI： 2.18~4.48）， more than two somatic complications （OR=4.01， 95% CI： 1.08~14.86）， invasive procedures （OR=3.31， 95% CI： 1.81~6.04） and disorders of consciousness （OR=5.57， 95% CI： 2.18~14.24）. ConclusionElderly patients with mental disorders suffer a relatively high prevalence rate of pulmonary infection， and its prevalence rate varies among different types of mental disorders， with the highest rate being observed in patients with dementia. The factors contributing to the development of pulmonary infection are found to include age， duration of illness， smoking history， comorbid somatic complications， dysphagia， disorders of consciousness， hypoalbuminemia， prolonged bed rest， oral hygiene status， irrational use of antibiotics， use of proton pump inhibitor， length of hospital stay and invasive procedures. ［www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO number： CRD42024553735］

Depression is a severe mental illness. Although existing antidepressant medications have shown efficacy in many patients, a significant proportion show poor responses to current treatments, necessitating the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Photobiomodulation (PBM), an emerging physical therapy, has recently shown promising efficacy in the treatment of depression, as indicated by two systematic reviews, and is characterized by high safety and good tolerability. However, challenges remain in areas such as light delivery techniques and optimization of treatment parameters. This review summarizes the antidepressant mechanisms of PBM, various methods of light transmission, and recent research progress on its application in the treatment of depression. It also discusses issues related to safety, tolerability, and impact of specific parameters, aiming to provide insights and recommendations for future research on PBM as a therapy for depression.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the critical role of rehabilitation medical records (including electronic records) in rehabilitation medicine's clinical practice and management, comprehensively analyzed the structure, core content and data standards of rehabilitation medical records, to develop a standardized medical record data architecture and core dataset suitable for rehabilitation medicine and to explore the application of rehabilitation data in performance evaluation and payment. MethodsBased on the regulatory documents Basic Specifications for Medical Record Writing and Basic Specifications for Electronic Medical Records (Trial) issued by National Health Commission of China, and referencing the World Health Organization (WHO) Family of International Classifications (WHO-FICs) classifications, International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10/ICD-11), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI Beta-3), this study constructed the data architecture, core content and data standards for rehabilitation medical records. Furthermore, it explored the application of rehabilitation record summary sheets (home page) data in rehabilitation medical statistics and payment methods, including Diagnosis-related Groups (DRG), Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) and Case Mix Index. ResultsThis study proposed a systematic standard framework for rehabilitation medical records, covering key components such as patient demographics, rehabilitation diagnosis, functional assessment, rehabilitation treatment prescriptions, progress evaluations and discharge summaries. The research analyzed the systematic application methods and data standards of ICD-10/ICD-11, ICF and ICHI Beta-3 in the fields of medical record terminology, coding and assessment. Constructing a standardized data structure and data standards for rehabilitation medical records can significantly improve the quality of data reporting based on the medical record summary sheet, thereby enhancing the quality control of rehabilitation services, effectively supporting the optimization of rehabilitation medical insurance payment mechanisms, and contributing to the establishment of rehabilitation medical performance evaluation and payment based on DRG and DIP. ConclusionStructured rehabilitation records and data standardization are crucial tools for quality control in rehabilitation. Systematically applying the three reference classifications of the WHO-FICs, and aligning with national medical record and electronic health record specifications, facilitate the development of a standardized rehabilitation record architecture and core dataset. Standardizing rehabilitation care pathways based on the ICF methodology, and developing ICF- and ICD-11-based rehabilitation assessment tools, auxiliary diagnostic and therapeutic systems, and supporting terminology and coding systems, can effectively enhance the quality of rehabilitation records and enable interoperability and sharing of rehabilitation data with other medical data, ultimately improving the quality and safety of rehabilitation services.

Objective To explore the effectiveness and safety of polyglycolic acid(PGA)and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC)composite materials for suturing after canine sleeve gastrectomy.Methods A total of 36 healthy Beagle dogs were randomly divided into experimental group and control group in a 1∶1 male-to-female ratio.The experimental group underwent gastric sleeve resection with PGA+HPMC composite material for suture reinforcement,while the control group used NV-ET-M60E-2 suture material.Postoperative monitoring included survival status,food intake,and body temperature changes.Venous blood samples were collected before surgery,3 days after surgery,and before euthanasia for routine blood tests.At 2,4,and 8 weeks postoperatively,six dogs were euthanized at each time point for histological examination,hard tissue pathological evaluation,and safety assessment of the heart,liver,spleen,lungs,and kidneys.Results There were no significant differences in blood routine test results between the control group and the experimental group(P＞0.05).Before dissection,the percentage of basophils was significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental group(P=0.015).At 2 weeks after surgery,the severity of liver cell edema in the control group was higher than in the experimental group(P=0.036).However,the two groups did not significantly differ in the histological examination results of the heart,liver,spleen,lungs,or kidneys at other time points(P＞0.05).Hard tissue pathological slice results at 2,4,and 8 weeks after surgery showed no material residue in either group by the 8th week,and there were no significant differences in inflammation and necrosis scores or fibrosis/fat infiltration totals between the two groups(P＞0.05).Inflammation scores and fibrosis/fat infiltration totals at 8 weeks post-operation were significantly lower than those at 2 weeks post-operation(P＜0.05).During the experiment,no near-death phenomena occurred in either group,and no fever or refusal to eat was observed within 3 days after surgery.At dissection,the Beagle dogs appeared normal with glossy fur and no abnormal secretions.Conclusion PGA+HPMC composite materials can be effectively degraded and used as non-toxic suture fixation materials for wound suturing after sleeve gastrectomy,providing a theoretical basis for their clinical application.

Objective:To compare the current postgraduate curriculum system of nutrition and food hygiene in China and abroad.Methods:Program objectives, structure, content, implementation, and assessment were compared pairwise and systematically by text analysis, word frequency statistics, quantitative evaluation and qualitative analysis to identify the characteristics and differences among universities and to summarize the features of the postgraduate curriculum system for this field of study.Results:Postgraduate training varied greatly between domestic and international programs. The curriculum system in China lacked flexibility and innovation, and their practicability required further improvement.Conclusions:The postgraduate curriculum system of nutrition and food hygiene in China should prioritize diversity, practicality, and cutting-edge knowledge, utilize different teaching approaches, and strengthen inter-university exchange to foster the training of high-caliber talents.

Objective To explore the effectiveness and safety of polyglycolic acid(PGA)and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC)composite materials for suturing after canine sleeve gastrectomy.Methods A total of 36 healthy Beagle dogs were randomly divided into experimental group and control group in a 1∶1 male-to-female ratio.The experimental group underwent gastric sleeve resection with PGA+HPMC composite material for suture reinforcement,while the control group used NV-ET-M60E-2 suture material.Postoperative monitoring included survival status,food intake,and body temperature changes.Venous blood samples were collected before surgery,3 days after surgery,and before euthanasia for routine blood tests.At 2,4,and 8 weeks postoperatively,six dogs were euthanized at each time point for histological examination,hard tissue pathological evaluation,and safety assessment of the heart,liver,spleen,lungs,and kidneys.Results There were no significant differences in blood routine test results between the control group and the experimental group(P＞0.05).Before dissection,the percentage of basophils was significantly higher in the control group than in the experimental group(P=0.015).At 2 weeks after surgery,the severity of liver cell edema in the control group was higher than in the experimental group(P=0.036).However,the two groups did not significantly differ in the histological examination results of the heart,liver,spleen,lungs,or kidneys at other time points(P＞0.05).Hard tissue pathological slice results at 2,4,and 8 weeks after surgery showed no material residue in either group by the 8th week,and there were no significant differences in inflammation and necrosis scores or fibrosis/fat infiltration totals between the two groups(P＞0.05).Inflammation scores and fibrosis/fat infiltration totals at 8 weeks post-operation were significantly lower than those at 2 weeks post-operation(P＜0.05).During the experiment,no near-death phenomena occurred in either group,and no fever or refusal to eat was observed within 3 days after surgery.At dissection,the Beagle dogs appeared normal with glossy fur and no abnormal secretions.Conclusion PGA+HPMC composite materials can be effectively degraded and used as non-toxic suture fixation materials for wound suturing after sleeve gastrectomy,providing a theoretical basis for their clinical application.

Objective:To compare the current postgraduate curriculum system of nutrition and food hygiene in China and abroad.Methods:Program objectives, structure, content, implementation, and assessment were compared pairwise and systematically by text analysis, word frequency statistics, quantitative evaluation and qualitative analysis to identify the characteristics and differences among universities and to summarize the features of the postgraduate curriculum system for this field of study.Results:Postgraduate training varied greatly between domestic and international programs. The curriculum system in China lacked flexibility and innovation, and their practicability required further improvement.Conclusions:The postgraduate curriculum system of nutrition and food hygiene in China should prioritize diversity, practicality, and cutting-edge knowledge, utilize different teaching approaches, and strengthen inter-university exchange to foster the training of high-caliber talents.

Depression is a severe mental illness. Although existing antidepressant medications have shown efficacy in many patients, a significant proportion show poor responses to current treatments, necessitating the need for novel therapeutic approaches. Photobiomodulation (PBM), an emerging physical therapy, has recently shown promising efficacy in the treatment of depression, as indicated by two systematic reviews, and is characterized by high safety and good tolerability. However, challenges remain in areas such as light delivery techniques and optimization of treatment parameters. This review summarizes the antidepressant mechanisms of PBM, various methods of light transmission, and recent research progress on its application in the treatment of depression. It also discusses issues related to safety, tolerability, and impact of specific parameters, aiming to provide insights and recommendations for future research on PBM as a therapy for depression.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between pen-holding posture, grip strength and myopia.Methods:A cross-sectional study was performed.A total of 496 school-aged children in grades 1-6, who underwent eye examinations at Shenzhen Eye Hospital from November 2021 to May 2022 were consecutively enrolled as subjects.The subjects' age, grade, sex, refractive error and age of school enrollment were recorded.Subjects' grip strength and pen-holding posture were obtained with an electronic grip strength meter and a tool pen, and subjects were divided into correct pen-holding posture group and incorrect pen-holding posture group according to their pen-holding posture.Propensity scores for sex, grade, age at school entry, and grip strength in the two groups were matched using the nearest neighbor matching method.Multifactorial binary logistic regression analysis was performed with binocular myopia, monocular myopia, and emmetropia as dependent variables and grip strength, grade, refractive error, and pen-holding posture as independent variables.The correlation between grip strength and spherical equivalent was examined by Spearman rank correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis.This study protocol adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Eye Hospital (No.2022KYPJ032).Results:After matching propensity scores, there were 101 cases and 197 cases in the correct pen-holding posture group and incorrect pen-holding posture group, respectively.There was no statistical significance in sex, grade, age at enrollment, and grip strength between the two groups (all at P>0.05).Multinomial logistic regression results showed that using emmetropia as a reference, higher grade (4 versus 1∶7.601[1.307-44.206]; 5 versus 1∶4.392[1.039-18.562]), presence of anisometropia (21.366[5.750-79.397]) were relative risk factors for monocular myopia (all at P<0.05), and higher grade (3 versus 1∶4.389[1.783-10.800]); 4 versus 1∶15.398[3.267-72.574]; 5 versus 1∶7.447[2.232-24.851]; 6 versus 1∶6.462[2.116-19.734]) were relative risk factors for binocular myopia (all at P<0.05).Taking monocular myopia as a reference, higher grade (6 versus 1∶4.582[1.193-17.589]), presence of anisometropia (0.141[0.069-0.289]), and irregular pen-holding posture (2.608[1.340-5.075]) were associated factors for binocular myopia (all at P<0.05).According to partial correlation analysis, the spherical equivalent of the right eye of children with incorrect pen-holding posture was negatively correlated with the grip strength ( rs=-0.141, P=0.047). Conclusions:There is an association between pen-holding posture and myopia in school-aged children.Children with greater grip strength and incorrect pen-holding posture may have higher degrees of right eye refractive error.