Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)play a pivotal role in the tumor microenvironment and have traditionally been clas-sified into M1 and M2 phenotypes;however,recent studies have revealed considerable internal heterogeneity among these macro-phages,which requires a more detailed classification.T cells play a key role in tumor immunity,and their population dynamics and functional states have a direct impact on therapeutic outcomes.The interactions between TAMs and various T cell subsets,including CD4+T cells,regulatory T cells,and CD8+T cells,have a guiding significance for tumor immunotherapy.Such interactions between TAMs and T cells involve a variety of molecules and signaling pathways,such as programmed death receptor 1 and its ligand,as well as various cytokines and their receptors.Furthermore,exogenous factors,including chemoradiotherapy and infections,can also influence these interactions.Research on the interactions between different macrophage populations and T cell subsets within the tumor immune microenvironment can help to understand immune status and mechanism in lesions,thereby providing new targets and strategies for tu-mor immunotherapy.

In the tumor microenvironment(TME),the metabolic reprogramming of macrophages and T cells plays a critical role in the formation of an immunosuppressive state and tumor immune escape.Polyamines are key signaling molecules and precursors for biosyn-thesis,and the metabolic state of polyamines profoundly regulate the functions of tumor cells and immune cells.Cytokines and other substances within the TME induce the expression of enzymes related to polyamine metabolism,drive the metabolic reprogramming of polyamines,and thus influence macrophage polarization and T cell differentiation;meanwhile,the metabolic reprogramming of poly-amines leads to the competitive depletion of polyamine resources within the TME,promote tumor cells to optimize their metabolic strat-egies for survival advantages,and inhibit the function of immune cells.Therefore,inhibitors of polyamine metabolism may be used as antitumor drugs by regulating metabolic reprogramming.

Immunotherapy,represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),has significantly changed the treat-ment strategy of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)and has become an important therapy for all stages of NSCLC.However,there is an urgent need for further clarification regarding ICIs for elderly patients with advanced NSCLC.Treatment strategies for ICIs were guided by assessing survival data of elderly NSCLC patients included in clinical trials.We concluded that treatment regi-mens such as ICI monotherapy,dual immunotherapy,and ICIs combined with chemotherapy could be carried out in elderly NSCLC patients with a performance status(PS)score<2.Elderly NSCLC patients treated with ICIs could achieve similar benefits as younger patients and are generally well tolerated.However,as age increases(especially above 80 years),the efficacy decreased and the incidence of immune-related adverse events(irAEs)gradually increased.Therefore,ICIs should be carefully selected for advanced NSCLC patients at an advanced age.Compared to age,PS was a key factor causing patients to be excluded from ICIs and poorer survival outcomes.In conclusion,immunotherapy in elderly patients with advanced NSCLC is extremely challenging,and many issues still need further exploration in this field.

With the increasing emphasis on the bio-psycho-social medical model, significant progress has been made in patient-reported outcomes. Now, through a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of literature within the field, this study explores the advancements in the application of patient-reported outcomes in clinical research on lymphoma. The intention is to provide valuable references for future related studies.

Immunotherapy,represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs),has significantly changed the treatment status of most patients with malignant tumors.In order to regulate and guide the immunotherapy of cancer patients in China,the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)has updated the Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Clinical Practice Guidelines every year since 2020,which has been widely praised.The Version 2024 released this year has been significantly updated in terms of content,which can be summarized in five keywords as:"addition","deletion","upgrade","downgrade"and"definiteness",with the characteristic of a large overall update range,the continuous advancement of immunotherapy,continuous enrichment of combination strategies,more first-line treatment options,and excellent performance of several drugs.This article provides a point-to-point interpretation of major updates in the new guideline.

This study run through the process of developing behavioral medicine discipline in a general hospital with action research method,based on the balanced scorecard (BSC) framework.The four perspectives of the behavioral medicine BSC covered the main areas in hospital discipline development,including patients and community,healthy financial disciplines,clinical service process and efficiency,and research,innovation and growth.By the implementation of the discipline BSC,this hospital clarified its discipline development strategy,provided a communication platform,determined the objective and monitored the discipline effectively,and provided a mode which can integrate the discipline development and providing clinical services.The hospital set up the first neurology behavioral medicine clinic in Jinan Region though the exploration of the path and methods for developing behavioral medicine discipline,which had practical guiding significance for behavioral medicine development and services.

ObjectiveTo investigate the semantic induce effects in reading disorder of the Chinese deep dyslexia. MethodsA patient with deep dyslexia was researched with initials inducement (as phonetic inducement), semantic-related words inducement, numeral inducement, quantifier inducement, context inducement and actual object inducement (all as semantic inducement). ResultsThe rate of correct results were more with semantic inducements than with phonetic inducement (91.30%, 76.67%, 94.44%, 83.33% vs 44.44%, P<0.001). ConclusionThe semantic induce training is more effective than the phonetic induce training on Chinese deep dyslexia.