Objective:To investigate the changes of upper airway and adenoids in children with hypertrophic adenoid skeletal classⅠ and class Ⅲ anterior crossbite after orthodontic treatment.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022,155 children with skeletal class Ⅲ anterior crossbite who were treated with anterior traction in Stomatological Hospital,Shanxi Medical University were selected.They were divided into class Ⅲ normal group(72 cases)and class Ⅲ hypertrophic group(83 cases)according to whether the adenoids were hypertrophic.A total of 122 children with class Ⅰ anterior counterocclusion were treated with"2×4"treatment,which were di-vided into Class Ⅰ normal group(60 cases)and class Ⅰ hypertrophy group(62 cases).The changes of upper airway and adenoid were compared between the two groups.Results:(1)After intervention,only the width of nasopharynx cavity increased(P＜0.05)in Class Ⅰ normal group and Class Ⅰ hypertrophic group,and there was no significant difference in other indicators(P＞0.05).(2)After intervention,the adenoid thickness and A/N ratio of children with skeletal class Ⅲ anterior crossbite decreased,and the width of na-sopharynx cavity,nasopharynx airway space,soft palate upper and rear airway space,uvula tip rear airway space,the minimum air-way space between soft palate and adenoid,and mandibular plane angle increased(P＜0.05).The A/N ratio of class Ⅲ hypertrophic group was lower than that of class Ⅲ normal group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Orthodontic treatment can reduce the degree of adenoid hypertrophy and expand the airway in children with skeletal class Ⅲ anterior crossbite.Only the width of the nasopharynx cavity can be widened after the correction intervention for children with adenoid hypertrophy and skeletal class Ⅰ anterior crossbite.

Objective:To investigate the changes of upper airway and adenoids in children with hypertrophic adenoid skeletal classⅠ and class Ⅲ anterior crossbite after orthodontic treatment.Methods:From January 2021 to January 2022,155 children with skeletal class Ⅲ anterior crossbite who were treated with anterior traction in Stomatological Hospital,Shanxi Medical University were selected.They were divided into class Ⅲ normal group(72 cases)and class Ⅲ hypertrophic group(83 cases)according to whether the adenoids were hypertrophic.A total of 122 children with class Ⅰ anterior counterocclusion were treated with"2×4"treatment,which were di-vided into Class Ⅰ normal group(60 cases)and class Ⅰ hypertrophy group(62 cases).The changes of upper airway and adenoid were compared between the two groups.Results:(1)After intervention,only the width of nasopharynx cavity increased(P＜0.05)in Class Ⅰ normal group and Class Ⅰ hypertrophic group,and there was no significant difference in other indicators(P＞0.05).(2)After intervention,the adenoid thickness and A/N ratio of children with skeletal class Ⅲ anterior crossbite decreased,and the width of na-sopharynx cavity,nasopharynx airway space,soft palate upper and rear airway space,uvula tip rear airway space,the minimum air-way space between soft palate and adenoid,and mandibular plane angle increased(P＜0.05).The A/N ratio of class Ⅲ hypertrophic group was lower than that of class Ⅲ normal group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Orthodontic treatment can reduce the degree of adenoid hypertrophy and expand the airway in children with skeletal class Ⅲ anterior crossbite.Only the width of the nasopharynx cavity can be widened after the correction intervention for children with adenoid hypertrophy and skeletal class Ⅰ anterior crossbite.

AIM: To analyze the research status and future development trends of intermittent exotropia(IXT)by bibliometric study.METHODS: Bibliometrics methods were used and the related literatures in the Web of Science Core Collection(WoSCC)database from 2003 to 2022 were retrieved. CiteSpace6.2.R2 software was used to conduct visualized analysis of publications of one year, countries, institutions, journals, authors, references and keywords.RESULTS: A total of 620 literatures on IXT were retrieved from 2003 to 2022, and there has been a progressive increase in the number of publications. South Korea and the United States, Mayo Clinc and Holmes JM were the most productive and impactful country, institution and author, respectively. The Journal of American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus(J AAPOS)published the most manuscripts(78 publications). The keywords with the strongest citation burst were surgery, epidemiology, alignment and recurrence.CONCLUSION: Visualized analysis conducted by CiteSpace software could objectively show the quantity changes and distribution of literatures on IXT from 2003 to 2022. Furthermore, the research hotspot of IXT has gradually shifted from surgery and epidemiology to fusion and recurrence.

Objective: To explore and analyze the intervention effect of two different case teaching methods on critical thinking of nursing interns. Methods: from July 2016 to July 2018, a total of 62 nursing students in a three grade hospital in Chongqing were selected. They were divided into control group (29) and intervention group (33) according to their internship years. The control group received routine case teaching method, while the intervention group adopted the "Internet+" case teaching method to carry out clinical teaching. Results: Nursing students in the intervention group were significantly better than those in the control group in seeking truth, open thinking, systematization ability, analytical ability, self-confidence, thirst for knowledge and maturity (t=3.978-6.875, P<0.05). Nursing students in the critical thinking grade distribution intervention group were higher than those in the control group (t=-6.522--2.202, P<0.05). In clinical decision-making ability, problem-finding ability, goal-setting ability, decision-making ability, implementation decision-making ability and evaluation feedback were also higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The ability was higher than that of the control group (χ²=7.922, P<0.05). Conclusion case teaching based on "Internet+" can better improve the clinical thinking method of nursing students, enhance the critical thinking level and clinical decision-making ability of nursing students, and improve the quality of clinical teaching. It is worthy of popularization and application in clinical practice.

Objective:To discuss the necessity of the opening of a pharmacist section for outpatients for risk assessment and com-munication of drugs in pregnancy by surveying the use situation and risk reasons of the drugs was in pregnancy. Methods:Referring to the risk classification of medicines in pregnancy formulated by FDA and integrating various factors in pregnant women, such as drug dosage, administration time, genetic factors, prenatal care and potential diseases et al, pharmacists established the section for outpa-tients for risk assessment and communication of drugs in pregnancy. Results:The visiting number of pregnant women was gradually in-creased after the establishment by reviewing the clinical data from the hospital information system. The new pharmacy service mode pro-vided by pharmacists for obstetrical patients was positively recognized by physicians and patients. Conclusion:The section for outpa-tients for risk assessment and communication of drugs in pregnancy should be established in order to promote the pharmaceutical knowl-edge in pregnancy and improve the medication safety.