In this paper, a preliminary stress/strain analysis of the design structure of a nickel-titanium alloy patent foramen ovale occluder is conducted with the finite element simulation analysis method. In the analysis, solid structure modeling is carried out on three different specifications of domestic patent foramen ovale occluders. Referring to the test method of fatigue performance in inspection standard YY/T 1553-2017, an initial installation deformation is applied to the model, and then the fatigue displacement of 2 mm is applied to the sample to make the model fatigue deformation. The fatigue safety factors of each type of occluder are obtained by strain simulation analysis. The results indicate that the minimum fatigue safety factors of the three specifications of domestic patent foramen ovale occluders are 2.09, 2.35 and 2.06 respectively, which all meet the design of fatigue safety factor greater than 1. Among them, 1818 and 3030 specifications of patent foramen ovale occluders have close values in minimum fatigue safety factors, and both are lower than that of 1825 model. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out physical fatigue tests on both 1818 and 3030 specifications to further verify the fatigue performance of the products.
Finite Element Analysis ; Titanium ; Nickel ; Alloys ; Foramen Ovale, Patent ; Materials Testing ; Septal Occluder Device ; Stress, Mechanical

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a globally life-threatening disease. Presently, few therapeutic medicines are available for treating IS, and rt-PA is the only drug approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the US. In fact, many agents showing excellent neuroprotection but no blood flow-improving activity in animals have not achieved ideal clinical efficacy, while thrombolytic drugs only improving blood flow without neuroprotection have limited their wider application. To address these challenges and meet the huge unmet clinical need, we have designed and identified a novel compound AAPB with dual effects of neuroprotection and cerebral blood flow improvement. AAPB significantly reduced cerebral infarction and neural function deficit in tMCAO rats, pMCAO rats, and IS rhesus monkeys, as well as displayed exceptional safety profiles and excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs. AAPB has now entered phase I of clinical trials fighting IS in China.

International registration of herbal drugs is a necessary prerequisite for the internationalization of Chinese materia medica. North America and European Union occupy an important position in the world herbal drugs market, and their drug administration and quality supervision requirements are relatively complete and progressiveness. By summarizing the definition of herbal drugs in North America and European Union, combing and interpreting the relevant laws, regulations and policy documents, this article constructed the registration path of herbal drugs, and discussed the current status of market registration of herbal drugs in North America and European Union based on the examples of successful marketing of herbal drugs under current application and approval in overseas markets. This article believed that in the future, an internationally matched TCM quality standard evidence system should be built, clinical trials of TCM products in line with international standards should be carried out, standards that are the same or higher than international mainstream GMP should be developed, the registration path of TCM compounds should be explored, and professionals to establish an international registration application team should be recruited to provide theoretical and practical support for China's overseas registration of Chinese TCM products, promote TCM products to enter the world mainstream market, and achieve high-quality development of TCM internationalization.

Objective To explore the ideas,methods and pathways for the registration of Chinese medicine prescriptions in overseas countries,to form a strategy for overseas registration of Chinese medicine,and to provide technical support and reference for China's Chinese medicine prescriptions to go abroad.Methods Five representative countries were selected to form corresponding expert teams and exchange platforms for international cooperation.The laws,regulations,rules,standards,specifications and technical guidance documents related to Chinese medicine prescription preparations of the target countries were used as pathway research materials,and the documents were translated directly,naturalized,proofread and diagrammed,and a problem-oriented mechanism for consultation with domestic and international experts was established to form a pathway for overseas registration of Chinese medicine prescription preparations.Results The path for standardization of overseas registration of Chinese medicines was clarified,and the detailed registration paths and corresponding work strategies of Chinese medicines in five countries were formulated with flow charts,tables and explanatory texts.Conclusion By developing standardized registration pathways for traditional Chinese medicine in target countries,reference can be provided for the internationalization of Chinese herbal formula preparations.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of CT-enhanced imaging-based radiomics nomogram for the status of microsatel-lite instability(MSI)in colon cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 129 postoperative colon cancer patients with confirmed MSI status.They were randomly divided into a training group(n=90)and a validation group(n=39)at a ratio of 7:3.Radiomics features were extracted from preoperative CT-enhanced images of the patients.The predictive performance of various machine learning algorithms was evaluated using the area under the curve(AUC).A nomogram model was developed by incorporating clinical independent risk factors,and the model's overall performance was assessed using decision curve analysis(DCA).Results Age and lesion site were identified as prominent independent risk factors and utilized in the construction of a clinical model.The light gradient boosting machine(LightGBM)algorithm was chosen for building a radiomics model.As a joint model,the AUC of the nomogram model of 0.917 in the training group and 0.822 in the validation group.The DCA confirmed the substantial clinical applicability of the nomogram model.Conclusion The CT-enhanced imaging-based radiomics nomogram offers a pioneering and individualized predic-tive approach for determining the MSI status in colon cancer.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.

Objective: Self-determination theory (SDT) deems that people have three causality orientations: autonomy orientation, control orientation, and impersonal orientation. Previous studies suggested that lower autonomy orientation or higher control and impersonal orientations may be associated with more addictive behaviors. Our study aimed to investigate if these associations exist in Internet gaming disorder (IGD), and if sensation seeking, anxiety, and depression could influence the associations between causality orientations and IGD symptoms. Methods: A total of 1,400 college students completed the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale, General Causality Orientation Scale, Brief Sensation Seeking Scale, Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire. Correlation, multiple linear regressions, structural equation model (SEM) analyses, and moderation analyses were conducted to explore the associations. Results: The control and impersonal orientations were positively associated with IGD symptoms, while the autonomy orientation was negatively associated with them. Moreover, SEM analyses showed that the autonomy-IGD relationship was totally mediated by anxiety and depression, the impersonal-IGD relationship was partially mediated by anxiety, and the control-IGD relationship was partially mediated by depression. Finally, the effects of causality orientations on IGD were moderated by sensation seeking. Conclusion Overall, autonomy orientation is linked to fewer gaming problems, whereas control and impersonal orientations are associated with more gaming problems. Moreover, the relationships between causality orientations and IGD symptoms are mediated by anxiety and depression and moderated by sensation seeking. Our findings inform theory on the motivations of gaming behaviors and may shed light on the prevention and intervention of IGD from the perspective of SDT.