With the increasing aging population in China and rising incidence rates of diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular conditions, the demand for palliative care services continues to grow. In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence and medical disciplines has advanced significantly, with machine learning research and applications in the palliative care field progressing steadily. This paper reviews the overview of machine learning, its applications in palliative care, and effectiveness evaluations. It also discusses existing limitations in current research and provides recommendations for future studies. The aim is to assist healthcare professionals in improving palliative care services and offer valuable insights for the development of palliative care in China.

Objective:To summarize the current status of the application of automated interactive voice response systems (AIVRS) in post-diagnosis management of chronic disease patients.Methods:A computer search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, China Biology Medicine disc, and VIP, covering the literature from establishing these databases to May 25, 2024. Two researchers screened the literature and extracted data based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results:A total of 16 articles were included. The content of AIVRS in post-diagnosis management of chronic disease patients mainly includes self-care guidance, medication management, and decision support. The outcome indicators primarily focus on feasibility evaluation and effect evaluation.Conclusions:AIVRS is feasible in post-diagnosis management of chronic disease patients. However, there are still shortcomings, such as technical limitations, performance issues, and the use of unimodal data to assess patient outcome indicators. Future research could strengthen the theoretical foundation of AIVRS in post-diagnosis management interventions, appropriately add interactive modules, and provide real-time guidance to improve the effectiveness of AIVRS in post-diagnosis management.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

With the increasing aging population in China and rising incidence rates of diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular conditions, the demand for palliative care services continues to grow. In recent years, the integration of artificial intelligence and medical disciplines has advanced significantly, with machine learning research and applications in the palliative care field progressing steadily. This paper reviews the overview of machine learning, its applications in palliative care, and effectiveness evaluations. It also discusses existing limitations in current research and provides recommendations for future studies. The aim is to assist healthcare professionals in improving palliative care services and offer valuable insights for the development of palliative care in China.

Objective:To summarize the current status of the application of automated interactive voice response systems (AIVRS) in post-diagnosis management of chronic disease patients.Methods:A computer search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, China Biology Medicine disc, and VIP, covering the literature from establishing these databases to May 25, 2024. Two researchers screened the literature and extracted data based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results:A total of 16 articles were included. The content of AIVRS in post-diagnosis management of chronic disease patients mainly includes self-care guidance, medication management, and decision support. The outcome indicators primarily focus on feasibility evaluation and effect evaluation.Conclusions:AIVRS is feasible in post-diagnosis management of chronic disease patients. However, there are still shortcomings, such as technical limitations, performance issues, and the use of unimodal data to assess patient outcome indicators. Future research could strengthen the theoretical foundation of AIVRS in post-diagnosis management interventions, appropriately add interactive modules, and provide real-time guidance to improve the effectiveness of AIVRS in post-diagnosis management.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Objective To systematically evaluate the self-management behavior transformation experience of cancer patients,providing a basis for the subsequent development of targeted self-management intervention measures.Methods Qualitative studies related to self-management behavior transformation experience of cancer patients from Cochrane Library,CINAHL,Embase,PubMed,Web of science,PsycINFO,and China National Knowledge Infras-tructure,VIP Database,Wanfang Database,and China Biomedical Literature Database were searched by computer,with a search deadline of July 2023.The literature quality evaluation was conducted using the qualitative research quality evaluation standards of the Evidence Based Health Care Center at the Joanna Briggs Institute in Australia,and the results were integrated using a pooled integration method.Results A total of 12 articles were included,and 50 research results were extracted and summarized into 14 new categories.4 integrated results were synthesized,including the forms of self-management behavior transformation,the characteristics of self-management behavior transformation,the driving factors of self-management behavior transformation,and the obstacles to self-management behavior transformation.Conclusion Medical staff should pay attention to the real experience of cancer patients'self-management behavior transformation.Targeted ability cultivation and psychological intervention can be carried out based on the characteristics and influencing factors of cancer patients'self-management behavior transformation,promoting their smooth transformation of self-management behavior.

Objective:To investigate the biomechanical properties of a new pediatric femoral neck system in the fixation of pediatric femoral neck fractures with a free fracture fragment.Methods:Ten Sawbones model bones were randomly divided into 2 even groups ( n=5), all of which were made into Delbet Type Ⅱ femoral neck fractures with a Pauwels angle of 70°. A free bone block was removed from the bottom at the proximal end of the fracture to simulate a femoral neck fracture with a free fragment. Group A were fixed with traditional inverted triangle cannulated screws, and group B with a new pediatric femoral neck system. After the 2 groups of specimens were placed on a biomechanical testing machine, each specimen was subjected to a static axial compression test, an anti-torsion test and a cyclic load test in turn. The biomechanical results were compared between groups A and B in aspects of axial compression stiffness, torsional stiffness and maximum displacement difference. Results:The axial compression stiffness [(321.718±5.770) N/mm] and torsional rigidity [(1.448±0.079) N·m/°] in group B were significantly higher than those in group A [(266.722±4.788) N/mm and (1.282±0.023) N·m/°] ( P<0.05). The maximum displacement difference in the cyclic load test in group B [(0.063±0.038) mm] was also significantly smaller than that in group A [(0.117±0.056) mm] ( P<0.05). Conclusion:In fixation of pediatric femoral neck fractures with a free fracture fragment, the new pediatric femoral neck system can lead to better biomechanical stability than the traditional inverted triangle cannulated screws.

Objective To explore the effects of integrated treatment model (psychosocial interventions combined with drug therapy) in schizophrenia and analyze the influence of medication attitude on treatment compliance and psychiatric symptoms in different intervention models.Methods A total of 170 patients with schizophrenia were enrolled from 2012 to 2015.Patients were randomly divided into two groups:the integrated treatment group (86 patients) with drug therapy and psychosocial intervention,and the conventional drug treatment group (84 patients) with only drug intervention.Dug attitude inventory (DAI),self-awareness inventor (SAI),positive and negative symptoms scale (PANSS) were used to assess medication attitude,treatment compliance and clinical psychotic symptoms for all patients in the following 3 months,6 months and 12 months.Results Compared with medication-alone group,the integrated treatment group achieved significant improvement in psychiatric symptoms,including positive symptom and general psychopathology as well as significant reduction in scores in DAI and SAI (P＜0.05).In the conventional drug treatment group,the PANSS score was positively correlated with the increased score of DAI (β=0.31,P=0.02),which was mediated by the improvement in treatment adherence (β=0.18,P=0.18).There was no significant correlation between PANSS score and the increase score of DAI in the integrated treatment group(P=0.62).However,the increased score of SAI was positively correlated with the positive symptom of PANSS scale (r=0.31,P=0.01) and with the general psychiatric symptom scale (r=0.36,P＜0.01).Conclusion This study demonstrates that medication attitude can improve the treatment of mental symptoms by increasing compliance in the medication-only group.Symptom improvement is associated with improved compliance but not with medication attitudes in the integrated treatment model.

Toinvestigate the implementation mode and effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in experimental teaching of physiology,PBL was applied in experimental teaching of circulatory physiology. Comparison of test scores and Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) were used to evaluate teaching quality and teaching environment respectively. The results showed that both test and DREEM scores were higher in PBL group than in control group (P