Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for bacterial growth, metabolism and signal regulation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, encounters restricted Pi availability inside host cells. The uptake and utilization of Pi are mainly accomplished by the phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system. The survival and pathogenicity of Mtb rely on its precise sensing and adaptation to the hostile intracellular environment. The Pst system not only mediates bacterial drug resistance, toxin production and invasion, but also regulates virulence expression, membrane vesicle biogenesis and the synthesis of the nucleotide signaling molecule (p)ppGpp via the Pst-SenX3-RegX3 signaling axis, exhibiting typical multifunctional characteristics. As a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, the Pst system in Mtb consists of PstS, PstC, PstA, PstB and PhoU-like proteins, with distinct physiological functions for different proteins and their isoforms.This review focuses on the molecular structure and function of key proteins in the Pst system, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying Pi transport regulation and bacterial drug resistance, providing a reference for further exploring the relationship between this system and drug resistance, as well as the development of novel drugs targeting the Pst system.

Objective: To evaluate the risk of donation-related adverse reactions, donation behavior, and contributions to the blood supply among donors aged 56-65 years following extension of the upper age limit for voluntary blood donation, and to provide real-world evidence for optimizing blood donation age policies in China. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort was established using blood donation databases from Hainan, Shenzhen, and Jiangxi. A total of 1 180 767 donors contributing 2 020 407 whole-blood and apheresis donations were included. Donations were classified by donor age at each donation into the 18-55-year and 56-65-year groups. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to compare the risks of overall, local, and systemic donation-related adverse reactions between the two age groups. Restricted cubic spline analysis was used to assess the continuous association between donor age and the risk of overall adverse reactions. Poisson GEE models were used to compare annual donation frequency, and donation participation and contributions to the blood supply among donors aged 56-65 years were evaluated. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Blood Transfusion, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No.2025012) and registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2500114960). Results: A total of 1 960 711 donations were included in the 18-55-year group and 59 696 in the 56-65-year group. The overall donation-related adverse reaction rates were 3.890‰and 0.704‰, respectively. Multivariable GEE analysis showed that, compared with donors aged 18-55 years, those aged 56-65 years had lower risks of overall adverse reactions (adjusted OR=0.294, 95%CI: 0.217-0.398, P<0.001) and systemic adverse reactions (adjusted OR=0.163, 95%CI: 0.101-0.263, P<0.001), whereas no statistically significant difference was observed in the risk of local adverse reactions (adjusted OR=1.337, 95%CI: 0.487-3.670, P=0.573). Donor age was nonlinearly associated with the risk of overall adverse reactions (P overall<0.001, P nonlinear<0.001), with the risk generally decreasing with increasing age between 18 and 65 years. The mean annual donation frequency was higher among donors aged 56-65 years than among those aged 18-55 years (1.63 vs 1.24 donations per year; adjusted IRR=1.34, 95%CI: 1.30-1.39, P<0.001). During the study period, donors aged 56-65 years contributed 2.95% of all donations; their whole-blood donations and whole-blood collection volume accounted for 2.36% and 2.37% of the corresponding totals, respectively. Conclusion: Under current health screening and standardized donor management, donors aged 56-65 years did not show an increased risk of short-term donation-related adverse reactions and demonstrated a higher annual donation frequency, together with a measurable contribution to the blood supply. These findings support appropriately extending the upper age limit for voluntary blood donation under strict health screening to broaden the donor pool and supplement the blood supply.

Objective To investigate the regulatory mechanism of the central nervous system in patients with refractory overactive bladder (rOAB) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and graph theory analysis. Methods A total of 43 rOAB patients (rOAB group) and 46 matched healthy controls (HC group) were recruited during May and Nov.2024. All participants were scanned with DTI, and surveyed with the overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS), and overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB-q). Their age, gender, height, weight, and educational years were collected.DTI plus graph theory analysis was employed to explore the alterations in global and local topological properties of the brain structural network in rOAB patients. Brain regions showing significant group differences in structural metrics [specifically, the right paracentral lobule (PCL.R) ]were further used as seed points for functional connectivity (FC) analysis. Correlations between the nodal clustering coefficient (NCp) of the identified region, FC strength, OABSS, and OAB-q score were investigated. Results The OABSS [8 (6,10) vs.0 (0,1) ]and OAB-q [71 (53,80) vs.20 (19,24) ]were higher in the rOAB group than the HC group (P<0.001). Graph theory analysis revealed no statistically significant differences in global network metrics between the two groups (P>0.05). However, the NCp was significantly higher in the PCL.R of rOAB group compared to HC group (P<0.05, FDR-corrected).FC analysis using the PCL.R as a seed region demonstrated significantly reduced FC value in the left cerebellar crus Ⅱ (Cerebelum_Crus2_L) of the rOAB group (P<0.05, FDR-corrected). Partial correlation analysis showed that the NCp of PCL.R was positively correlated with both OABSS (r=0.255, P=0.018) and OAB-q score (r=0.257, P=0.017). Conversely, the FC of Cerebelum_Crus2_L was significantly negatively correlated with OABSS (r=-0.545, P<0.001) and OAB-q score (r=-0.535, P<0.001). Conclusion Patients with rOAB exhibit distinct brain structural network alterations compared to healthy individuals, primarily manifestation in the NCp value of PCL.R increased, and the FC intensity of Cerebelum_Crus2_L is significantly weakened. These alterations in the topological properties of the structural network may be implicated in the pathogenesis of rOAB.

Upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke is a major cause of decline in patients' daily living abilities.Studies show that trunk control training improves balance and walking,and recent research suggests it can also enhance upper limb recovery,further boosting daily function.Trunk control training is gaining attention and is increasingly used in rehabilitation,including adaptations of traditional Chinese exercises.This article reviews the effects of trunk control training on upper limb function in stroke patients.

Upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke is a major cause of decline in patients' daily living abilities.Studies show that trunk control training improves balance and walking,and recent research suggests it can also enhance upper limb recovery,further boosting daily function.Trunk control training is gaining attention and is increasingly used in rehabilitation,including adaptations of traditional Chinese exercises.This article reviews the effects of trunk control training on upper limb function in stroke patients.

Objective Based on the technology acceptance model,to explore the influence mechanism of technical support,perceived interactivity,perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use and perceived risk on medical staff's report intention on adverse events,and to provide path suggestions for improving medical staff's report intention adverse events.Methods The multi-stage sampling method was used to select 637 medical staffs of tertiary public hospitals in Hangzhou who used the information-based platform to report adverse events as the research respondents,and the self-developed scale of report intention on adverse events was used as the research tool,monofactor analysis were conducted by Wilcoxon rank-sum test,and the structural equation model was used to analyze the influence path of their report intention on adverse events.Results Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have positive effects on medical staff's report intention on adverse events(β=0.264,0.658;P＜0.001);Perceived risk negatively affected the medical staff's report intention on adverse events(β=-0.143,P＜0.001).The indirect effects of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on medical staff's report intention on adverse events are 0.538 and 0.205,respectively.Conclusion Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use plays a mediating role in perceived interactivity and medical staff's report intention on adverse events.

Objective Based on the technology acceptance model,to explore the influence mechanism of technical support,perceived interactivity,perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use and perceived risk on medical staff's report intention on adverse events,and to provide path suggestions for improving medical staff's report intention adverse events.Methods The multi-stage sampling method was used to select 637 medical staffs of tertiary public hospitals in Hangzhou who used the information-based platform to report adverse events as the research respondents,and the self-developed scale of report intention on adverse events was used as the research tool,monofactor analysis were conducted by Wilcoxon rank-sum test,and the structural equation model was used to analyze the influence path of their report intention on adverse events.Results Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have positive effects on medical staff's report intention on adverse events(β=0.264,0.658;P＜0.001);Perceived risk negatively affected the medical staff's report intention on adverse events(β=-0.143,P＜0.001).The indirect effects of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on medical staff's report intention on adverse events are 0.538 and 0.205,respectively.Conclusion Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use plays a mediating role in perceived interactivity and medical staff's report intention on adverse events.

Objective Based on the technology acceptance model,to explore the influence mechanism of technical support,perceived interactivity,perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use and perceived risk on medical staff's report intention on adverse events,and to provide path suggestions for improving medical staff's report intention adverse events.Methods The multi-stage sampling method was used to select 637 medical staffs of tertiary public hospitals in Hangzhou who used the information-based platform to report adverse events as the research respondents,and the self-developed scale of report intention on adverse events was used as the research tool,monofactor analysis were conducted by Wilcoxon rank-sum test,and the structural equation model was used to analyze the influence path of their report intention on adverse events.Results Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have positive effects on medical staff's report intention on adverse events(β=0.264,0.658;P＜0.001);Perceived risk negatively affected the medical staff's report intention on adverse events(β=-0.143,P＜0.001).The indirect effects of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on medical staff's report intention on adverse events are 0.538 and 0.205,respectively.Conclusion Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use plays a mediating role in perceived interactivity and medical staff's report intention on adverse events.

Objective Based on the technology acceptance model,to explore the influence mechanism of technical support,perceived interactivity,perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use and perceived risk on medical staff's report intention on adverse events,and to provide path suggestions for improving medical staff's report intention adverse events.Methods The multi-stage sampling method was used to select 637 medical staffs of tertiary public hospitals in Hangzhou who used the information-based platform to report adverse events as the research respondents,and the self-developed scale of report intention on adverse events was used as the research tool,monofactor analysis were conducted by Wilcoxon rank-sum test,and the structural equation model was used to analyze the influence path of their report intention on adverse events.Results Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have positive effects on medical staff's report intention on adverse events(β=0.264,0.658;P＜0.001);Perceived risk negatively affected the medical staff's report intention on adverse events(β=-0.143,P＜0.001).The indirect effects of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on medical staff's report intention on adverse events are 0.538 and 0.205,respectively.Conclusion Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use plays a mediating role in perceived interactivity and medical staff's report intention on adverse events.

Objective Based on the technology acceptance model,to explore the influence mechanism of technical support,perceived interactivity,perceived usefulness,perceived ease of use and perceived risk on medical staff's report intention on adverse events,and to provide path suggestions for improving medical staff's report intention adverse events.Methods The multi-stage sampling method was used to select 637 medical staffs of tertiary public hospitals in Hangzhou who used the information-based platform to report adverse events as the research respondents,and the self-developed scale of report intention on adverse events was used as the research tool,monofactor analysis were conducted by Wilcoxon rank-sum test,and the structural equation model was used to analyze the influence path of their report intention on adverse events.Results Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have positive effects on medical staff's report intention on adverse events(β=0.264,0.658;P＜0.001);Perceived risk negatively affected the medical staff's report intention on adverse events(β=-0.143,P＜0.001).The indirect effects of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on medical staff's report intention on adverse events are 0.538 and 0.205,respectively.Conclusion Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use plays a mediating role in perceived interactivity and medical staff's report intention on adverse events.