Public health laboratory testing involves a wide range of sample types,complex matrices,diverse target analytes with varying concentrations,and multiple application contexts with different analytical requirements.As a critical step in public health laboratory analysis and testing,sample pretreatment plays a decisive role in ensuring the reproducibility and efficiency of the analytical methods.It directly affects the accuracy,sensitivity,and reliability of testing results,as well as the feasibility of downstream analyses.Traditional sample pretreatment techniques face persistent challenges,including low efficiency,limited throughput,restricted universal applicability,high organic solvent consumption,and poor compatibility with downstream analytical procedures.These limitations constrain their capacity to meet the evolving demands of research and practice in public health and preventive medicine.In recent years,technological advances have focused on improving efficiency and automation,enhancing selectivity and sensitivity,facilitating online testing capabilities,and promoting environmental sustainability.Sample pretreatment techniques in public health laboratory testing have been undergoing progressive upgrades,and numerous novel technologies have emerged.The paper provides a comprehensive review of new technologies and applications in the field.We focused on the development of new materials,the application of artificial intelligence,connections for online processing,and the approaches tailored to the demands of specific testing settings.We also discussed sample processing for omics analyses and mass spectrometry imaging methods relevant to public health laboratory testing.These advances are expected to support the development of greener and higher-throughput sample pretreatment and foster innovation in the public health laboratory testing system.

Objective To investigate the governance requirements for real world data(RWD)in China's medical standards and specifications,summarize key technical aspects of data governance,and provide refer-ences for RWD governance-related research.Methods Computerized searches were conducted in CNKI,Wan-fang Data,VIP,and SinoMed,as well as the official websites of 29 national medical societies and the National Standard Information Public Service Platform,covering all records from inception to December 12,2023.A data extraction form was developed,and the included standards and specifications were categorized according to the first six RWD governance processes outlined in the Guidelines for Real World Data Used to Generate Real-World Evidence(Trial)issued by the National Medical Products Administration:data security,data extraction,data cleaning,data transformation,data transmission and storage,and quality control.Relevant content on data governance was systematically summarized and comparatively analyzed.Results A total of 32 standards and specifications were included,comprising 15 foundational medical data standards and 17 data gov-ernance technical specifications.Among these,6 addressed data security,6 covered data extraction,5 focused on data cleaning,5 involved data transformation,6 pertained to data transmission and storage,and 4 discussed quality control.Foundational medical data standards included data description elements,terminology,and format standards,broadly covering essential data elements and meeting basic standardization needs.Data gov-ernance technical specifications primarily provided general guidelines for medical data governance,emphasizing requirements and recommendations.While requirements for data security and extraction were relatively well-de-fined,technical guidance on data transformation and quality control remained limited,and implementation pathways for data cleaning,transmission,and storage were insufficiently detailed.Conclusions As real-world evidence plays an increasingly critical role in healthcare decision-making,China's medical standards and speci-fications have established a preliminary governance framework for RWD.However,technical details and practi-cal implementation of RWD governance still require further refinement.

Objective:To explore the relationship between general demographic characteristics,inflammatory indicators,nutritional indicators,pathological data and lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer(EC)pa-tients,and to construct and validate a model for preoperative prediction of lymph node status in endometrial canc-er patients.Methods:The preoperative clinical data of 473 patients with EC who underwent surgical treatment in the Zhu Jiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2010 to April 2024 were retrospectively ana-lyzed.The independent risk factors of lymph node metastasis of endometrial cancer were screened by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses,and the nomogram prediction model was constructed by R soft-ware.The performance of the model was evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,calibra-tion curve and clinical decision curve.Results:Menopausal status,high grade biopsy pathology,CA125 ≥24.47U/ml,systemic immune inflammatory index(SII)≥710.91,and prognostic nutritional index(PNI)＜52.90 were in-dependent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in endometrial cancer(OR＞1,P＜0.05).The nomogram model constructed based on these five factors had an AUC of 0.853 in the training set and 0.871 in the test set.The cali-bration curve fitted well,and the clinical decision curve shows a positive benefit.Conclusions:The endometrial cancer lymph node metastasis prediction model constructed based on menopausal status,biopsy pathology,CA125,SII,and PNI has good accuracy and fit,with certain clinical application value.

Objective To investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS)combined with mobilization with movement(MWM)on clinical efficacy,musculoskeletal ultrasound findings and bone metabolism indicators in patients with knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods Ninety KOA patients were collected and randomly divided into the control group(conventional rehabilitation+TENS,n=45)and the observation group(conventional rehabilitation+TENS+MWM,n=45)using a random number table.Clinical efficacy,knee joint function,musculoskeletal ultrasound indices and bone metabolism indices were compared between the two groups.Results The clinical efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group(P＜0.05).At 2 and 6 months post-treatment,Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index(WOMAC)were significantly lower in the observation group than those of the control group,and Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale scores were higher in the observation group than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Additionally,articular cartilage thickness,bone gla protein(BGP)and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase(BALP)were higher in the observation group than those of the control group,and synovial thickness,suprapatellar effusion and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP-5b)were lower in the observation group than those of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion TENS combined with MWM in the treatment of KOA patients can not only improve knee joint function but also optimize musculoskeletal ultrasound indices and regulate bone metabolism indices.

BACKGROUND:Anybody musculoskeletal modeling system uses mathematical modeling techniques to simulate the relationship between human bones,muscles,and the environment,allowing for the study of inverse dynamics of the human body and obtaining indicators such as lower limb joint forces.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the stress distribution patterns of lower limb joints during the practice of Tai Chi movements,thereby exploring the scientific training and exercise value of Tai Chi.METHODS:Eight Tai Chi master-level athletes were selected from the Wushu College of Beijing Sport University for data collection,including seven sets of stepping movements and CT scans of the right femur.The BTS infrared capture system and Kistler three-dimensional force platform were used to collect kinematic and mechanical data of the seven sets of stepping movements in Tai Chi(Eight Methods and Five Steps).The Anybody 7.2 musculoskeletal model's multi-body dynamics simulation technology was utilized to calculate lower limb joint dynamic parameters,and Workbench 19.2 was used to perform stress analysis on the femur.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Using Workbench software,the stress results of the femur for seven sets of movements were obtained.The peak stress values of the seven sets of movements in descending order were:Retreat and Rollback(22.00 MPa),Retreat and Pluck(19.379 MPa),Left and Right Shift Step Squeeze and Press(9.35 MPa),Left and Right Shift Step Elbow Lean(6.30 MPa),Forward Step and Expand(4.68 MPa),Forward Step and Pull(2.57 MPa),and Middle Fixed Standalone Position(0.31 MPa).(2)In the seven sets of stepping movements,the two backward stepping movements resulted in the greatest stress on the femur(P＜0.05),and the maximum stress positions on the femur were different during the movement of the seven sets of actions.(3)It is concluded that during the seven sets of stepping movements in Tai Chi(Eight Methods and Five Steps),stress threshold and maximum stress position of the femur will vary with different movements in five directions(seven sets of movements).Continuous training can comprehensively stimulate the femoral body.Forward stepping movements have a greater impact on the front and upper lateral side of the femoral body,while backward stepping movements have a greater impact on the back and inner side of the femoral body.Left and right lateral stepping movements mainly involve symmetrical stress on both sides of the femoral body.(4)Beginners should train targeted according to the stress characteristics of different stepping movements.During forward and backward stepping movements,attention should be paid to the rotational force of Tai Chi,and during left and right lateral stepping movements,attention should be paid to the medial counterforce.Beginners should focus on the Tai Chi training steps that correspond to their own weaknesses to achieve better exercise outcomes.

Objective:To establish tumor specific protein (SP70) targeted tumor cell enrichment technology and to assess applicational value of next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis for enriched circulating tumor cell (CTC) in precision medicines of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:The monoclonal antibody NJ001 was covalently coupled to the surface of magnetic beads to build targeted magnetic bead enrichment technology based on SP70. The limit of detection, coincidence rate, interference experiment, recovery test and clinical performance were evaluated. From March 2016 to August 2017, NGS analysis with or without pre-treatment of targeted enrichment for serous fluids of 43 NSCLC in the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University were compared (Kappa or Fisher exact test).Results:The CTC enrichment technology based on SP70 targeted immunomagnetic beads can specifically enrich tumor cells. The limit of detection was 10 4 SPC-A1 cells/L, and the coincidence rate, sensitivity and specificity were 100% (3/3). The endogenous interfering substances such as red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, epithelial cells and triglycerides had no interfering effects, as well as the exogenous interfering substances such as EDTA-K2, cefoxitin, carboplatin and paclitaxel. The recovery rate was 56.0% (56 000/100 000). A total of 30 gene mutations including 65 loci were found in 43 NSCLC under SP70 targeted enrichment, with a higher detection rate compared with unenrichment method [95.0% (19/20) vs 65.0% (13/20), χ 2=5.625, P=0.044]. Conclusion:In this study, SP70-targeted enriched CTC liquid biopsy method was established, with higher sensitivity and specificity of NGS detection than unenrichment method.

Objective:To explore the molecular epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in children with acute respiratory infection (ARI) in Beijing from 2023 to 2024.Methods:In the longitudinal study, 9 834 children with ARI were enrolled from August 2023 to December 2024, including the influenza-like illness (ILI) group from emergency and outpatient department receiving influenza virus (Flu) and HMPV test and the ARI inpatient group for 13 common respiratory pathogen screening test including HMPV, Flu, respiratory syncytial virus, and so on. All respiratory samples positive with HMPV were genotyped by amplifying and sequencing of G gene and further phylogenetic analysis. The χ2 test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to compare the positive rate and basic clinical data of the 2 groups. Results:Among 9 834 enrolled patient, there were 5 276 male and 4 558 female children, with age 5.4 (1.9, 8.2) years. In ILI group of 1 460 patients, there were 83 cases (5.7%) positive for HMPV, with the age 4.9 (3.6, 6.6) years and children under 6.0 years old 59 cases (71.1%). Among 8 374 ARI inpatients, there were 256 cases (3.1%) positive for HMPV, with age 3.5 (1.3, 6.4) years and children under 6.0 years old 188 cases (73.4%). The HMPV positive rate and the age of children positive for HMPV in ARI inpatient group were significantly lower than that in ILI group (both P<0.001). In December, 2024, the HMPV positive rates of ILI and ARI inpatient group (21.3% (17/80), 15.0% (47/314)) were significantly higher than the total positive rates of each group (both P<0.001). Among 279 subtyped specimens, there were 155 cases (55.6%) belonging to genotype A and 124 cases (44.4%) belonging to genotype B. Sub-lineage A2.2.2 containing 111nt-insertions was predominate one in 2023 with positive ratio 89.2% (91/102), and B2 was predominate in 2024 with positive ratio 64.4% (114/177). Conclusions:From 2023 to 2024, the positive rate of HMPV in the ILI group was higher than that in the ARI inpatient group, suggesting a common epidemic of HMPV infection. Children positive for HMPV in the ARI inpatient group were younger than that in the ILI group. A severe epidemic of HMPV was observed in the winter of 2024, which requires attention. Sub-lineage A2.2.2 with 111nt-duplicate insertions and B2 were the predominant epidemic strains in 2023 and 2024, respectively.

Objective:To investigate the current status of implementing medical insurance performance evaluation in the hospitals of China under the background of China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups (CHS-DRG) and Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) payment reform, explore the perspectives and recommendations of key department leaders (e.g., health insurance, medical affairs, pricing, and performance evaluation departments) regarding health insurance performance evaluation, analyze the influencing factors in its implementation, so as to provide references for hospitals to develop and refine health insurance performance evaluation strategies.Methods:A questionnaire was designed and distributed to hospitals across 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China from December 1 to 31, 2023. The survey targeted secondary and tertiary general or specialized hospitals. The main responsible persons from four functional departments, including medical insurance, healthcare, pricing, and performance, were invited to participate in the survey. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the questionnaire data, and the chi-square test was used for differential analysis of unordered categorical variables, while the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for differential analysis of ordered categorical variables.Results:A total of 761 valid questionnaires were collected. Most respondents were health insurance department leaders (420, 55.19%). Among them, 741 respondents reported that their hospitals used CHS-DRG or DIP payment, with 258 indicating that their hospitals had already developed and implemented health insurance performance evaluation plans. A majority (685, 90.01%) expressed support for such initiatives. Influencing factor analysis revealed that hospital type, level, scope of health insurance management departments, and payment methods might impact the implementation of health insurance performance evaluation ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Few hospitals have currently adopted health insurance performance evaluation, underscoring the urgency to establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation plan as a robust tool for internal hospital management.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical clinical condition characterized by rapid renal function decline, with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown potential effects on mitigating oxidative stress and programmed cell death in AKI models. Scutellaria barbata D. Don (SB) and Scleromitrion diffusum (Willd.) R. J. Wang (SD), a classic TCM herbal pair exhibited anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Using advanced chromatographic separation technology, we enriched the effective fractions of water extracts from SB-SD, obtaining self-assembled herbal nanoparticles (SB and SD nanoparticles, SSNPs) rich in flavonoids and terpenoids. These SSNPs demonstrated robust antioxidant properties in vitro and mitigated AKI progression in vivo by activating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway. Oral administration of SSNPs in mice resulted in absorption into the bloodstream, formation of a protein corona, reduced macrophage phagocytosis, and enhanced bioavailability and renal targeting. Furthermore, we investigated the self-assembly principle of SSNPs using representative flavonoids and terpenoids. Kinetic studies and in situ transmission electron microscopy (in situ TEM) revealed that these compounds self-assemble via supramolecular forces like hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions, forming stable nanostructures. This study elucidates the renoprotective effects and mechanisms of SB and SD, and provides a novel approach for the development of TCM-based nanomedicines, highlighting the potential of nano-TCM in AKI treatment.