Objective To explore the mechanism by which electroacupuncture improves ocular surface inflammation in dry eye mice.Methods 30 SPF-grade healthy male ICR mice were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a sham electroacupuncture group,a western medicine group and an electroacupuncture group,with 6 mice in each group.Mice in the blank group and other four groups were subcutaneously injected 200 μL of sterile physiological saline and 200 μL of scopolamine hydrobromide(0.5 mg dissolved in 0.2 mL of sterile physiological saline)at 8:00,11:00,14:00,and 17:00 every day for 35 consecutive days,respectively.From the 22nd day,mice in the sham electroacupunc-ture group were given blunt scalp acupuncture intervention at bilateral Jingming and Taiyang points,without subcutaneous penetration.In the western medicine group,fluorometholone eye drops were applied to both eyes of the mice at 8:00,13:00,and 18:00 daily,with 1 drop each time.Mice in the electroacupuncture group were given electroacupuncture in-tervention,with the same acupoint location and acupuncture time as the sham electroacupuncture group.The electroacu-puncture frequency was 2 Hz/20 Hz,the waves were sparse-dense and the intensity was 1 mA,once a day for 15 min.All groups were intervened for 14 days.The corneal fluorescein(FL)staining scores of mice in each group were detected be-fore modeling,after modeling,and after intervention.The corneal tissue morphology was observed under a light micro-scope.Immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)and receptor for advanced glyca-tion end products(RAGE)in the cornea,respectively.Results The FL scores of mice in model,sham electroacupunc-ture,western medicine,and electroacupuncture groups all significantly increased after modeling and intervention,com-pared with those before modeling(all P＜0.01).The FL scores of mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups significantly decreased after intervention,compared with those after modeling(both P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,electroacupuncture and western medicine groups showed a significant drop in FL score after intervention(both P＜0.01).HE staining showed that after intervention,mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups had a basically normal number of corneal epithelial layers,no obvious shedding of epithelial cells,and neatly arranged and slightly swollen collagen fibers in the stromal layer.The relative protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(allP＜0.01).The rela-tive protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture mitigates corneal epithelial injury,reduces the expression of HMGB1 in the cor-neal tissue,inhibits the binding of HMGB1 and RAGE,and ultimately alleviates ocular surface inflammation responses of dry eye mice.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of wearing defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses on binocular visual function and visual quality in myopic children.Methods:A randomized double-blind controlled study was conducted.A total of 176 children (352 eyes) with myopia aged 6 to 15 years were enrolled in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2021 to March 2022.They were randomly divided into DIMS group of 85 cases (170 eyes) and single-vision group of 91 cases (182 eyes) wearing DIMS and single-vision lenses, respectively, using the random number table method.A total of 151 cases (302 eyes) who completed follow-up visits were included in the analysis, including 72 cases (144 eyes) in the DIMS group and 79 cases (158 eyes) in the single-vision group.Before and after 6 and 12 months of lens wear, accommodation amplitude, binocular accommodative sensitivity, distance/near horizontal eye position, and accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) of subjects were measured.Changes in visual function over the year were compared between the two groups.In addition, subjective contrast sensitivity (CS) was assessed at each follow-up visit to evaluate the effect of the lenses on visual quality.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (No.2020-06).Parents or legal guardians signed written informed consent before the child's participation.Results:There were significant differences in monocular accommodation amplitude and binocular accommodation sensitivity at different time points between before and after lens wear in both groups (Wald χ2time=84.435, 48.201; both P<0.001).In both groups, monocular accommodation amplitude was decreased and the biocular accommodation sensitivity was increased at 6 and 12 months after wearing glasses compared with baseline (all P<0.001).After 12 months of lens wear, the monocular accommodation amplitude decreased by 2.68 D (95% CI: 1.60-3.75 D) in DIMS group and 2.82 D (95% CI: 1.81-3.84 D) in single-vision group.There were statistically significant differences in distance and near horizontal eye position between the two groups at different time points before and after wearing glasses (Wald χtime2=10.398, 23.947; both P<0.01).In the DIMS group, after 12 months of wearing lenses, the distance horizontal eye position drifted outward by 0.68 △(95% CI: 0.06-1.25 △) compared to baseline, with a significant difference ( P<0.05).There was 1.67 △ (95% CI: 0.15-3.20 △) outward drift at near horizontal eye position in the DIMS group and 1.73 △ (95% CI: 0.49-2.96 △) outward drift in the single-vision group compared with baseline, with significant differences (both P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in gradient AC/A values and calculated AC/A values between the two groups at different time points before and after wearing glasses (Wald χtime2=22.001, 13.411; both P<0.01).After 12 months of wearing glasses, the gradient AC/A values significantly decreased in both groups compared to respective baseline, and the calculated AC/A values in the single-vision group showed a significant decrease compared to baseline (all P<0.05).There were no significant difference in the monocular accommodation amplitude, binocular accommodation sensitivity, distance and near horizontal eye position, gradient AC/A values and calculated AC/A values between the two groups (Wald χgroup2=2.385, 2.266, 2.070, 0.571, 0.578, 0.053; all P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the CS at 3, 6, 12, and 18 cpd spatial frequencies between the two groups at different time points before and after wearing lenses (Wald χ2group=1.104, 2.263, 1.861, 3.671; all P>0.05.Wald χ2time=2.260, 5.382, 2.573, 1.637; all P>0.05). Conclusions:Visual function performance after wearing DIMS lenses is consistent with that after wearing single-vision lenses.Wearing DIMS lenses has no obvious negative effect on the long-term visual quality in children.

Objective To develop and validate data extraction and patient identification algorithms for cutaneous lupus erythematosus(CLE)and its two subtypes,discoid lupus erythematosus(DLE)and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus(SCLE),and to enable high-efficiency patient identification in large-scale electronic health databases.Methods This study utilized data from the 2013-2017 National Insurance Claims for Epidemiological Research(NICER)to construct data extraction and rapid patient identification algorithms.The manual verification results were used as gold standard to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the algorithms.Additionally,the basic characteristics of the identified patients were analyzed.Results Initially,standardized expressions were developed based on medical terminology and diagnostic codes.These were further refined with input from clinicians to include potential synonyms and common misspellings,improving the preliminary screening expressions.Through iterative verification by clinicians and data management engineers,a final disease-specific screening algorithm was established.The developed extraction and identification algorithms for all 3 targeted disease demonstrated strong performance,with sensitivity values of 0.985,1.000,and 0.991,and specificity values of 0.997,0.999,and 0.998 for CLE,DLE,and SCLE,respectively.A total of 34,554 CLE cases,including 2,879 DLE cases,and 623 SCLE cases were identified between 2013 and 2017,with a higher prevalence among females than males.Conclusion This study developed and validated an identification algorithm for CLE patients based on medical insurance databases,demonstrating high performance.The proposed algorithm provides a methodological framework and empirical evidence for designing and optimizing big data-driven rapid patient identification algorithms in dermatology research.

Objective To explore the mechanism by which electroacupuncture improves ocular surface inflammation in dry eye mice.Methods 30 SPF-grade healthy male ICR mice were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a sham electroacupuncture group,a western medicine group and an electroacupuncture group,with 6 mice in each group.Mice in the blank group and other four groups were subcutaneously injected 200 μL of sterile physiological saline and 200 μL of scopolamine hydrobromide(0.5 mg dissolved in 0.2 mL of sterile physiological saline)at 8:00,11:00,14:00,and 17:00 every day for 35 consecutive days,respectively.From the 22nd day,mice in the sham electroacupunc-ture group were given blunt scalp acupuncture intervention at bilateral Jingming and Taiyang points,without subcutaneous penetration.In the western medicine group,fluorometholone eye drops were applied to both eyes of the mice at 8:00,13:00,and 18:00 daily,with 1 drop each time.Mice in the electroacupuncture group were given electroacupuncture in-tervention,with the same acupoint location and acupuncture time as the sham electroacupuncture group.The electroacu-puncture frequency was 2 Hz/20 Hz,the waves were sparse-dense and the intensity was 1 mA,once a day for 15 min.All groups were intervened for 14 days.The corneal fluorescein(FL)staining scores of mice in each group were detected be-fore modeling,after modeling,and after intervention.The corneal tissue morphology was observed under a light micro-scope.Immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)were used to detect the protein and mRNA expression of high mobility group box 1(HMGB1)and receptor for advanced glyca-tion end products(RAGE)in the cornea,respectively.Results The FL scores of mice in model,sham electroacupunc-ture,western medicine,and electroacupuncture groups all significantly increased after modeling and intervention,com-pared with those before modeling(all P＜0.01).The FL scores of mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups significantly decreased after intervention,compared with those after modeling(both P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,electroacupuncture and western medicine groups showed a significant drop in FL score after intervention(both P＜0.01).HE staining showed that after intervention,mice in electroacupuncture and western medicine groups had a basically normal number of corneal epithelial layers,no obvious shedding of epithelial cells,and neatly arranged and slightly swollen collagen fibers in the stromal layer.The relative protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(allP＜0.01).The rela-tive protein expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both model and sham electroacupuncture groups were significantly higher than those of the blank group(all P＜0.01).The relative mRNA expression levels of HMGB1 and RAGE in the corneal tissue of both electroacupuncture and western medicine groups were significantly lower than those of the model group(all P＜0.01).Conclusion Electroacupuncture mitigates corneal epithelial injury,reduces the expression of HMGB1 in the cor-neal tissue,inhibits the binding of HMGB1 and RAGE,and ultimately alleviates ocular surface inflammation responses of dry eye mice.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of wearing defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses on binocular visual function and visual quality in myopic children.Methods:A randomized double-blind controlled study was conducted.A total of 176 children (352 eyes) with myopia aged 6 to 15 years were enrolled in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from January 2021 to March 2022.They were randomly divided into DIMS group of 85 cases (170 eyes) and single-vision group of 91 cases (182 eyes) wearing DIMS and single-vision lenses, respectively, using the random number table method.A total of 151 cases (302 eyes) who completed follow-up visits were included in the analysis, including 72 cases (144 eyes) in the DIMS group and 79 cases (158 eyes) in the single-vision group.Before and after 6 and 12 months of lens wear, accommodation amplitude, binocular accommodative sensitivity, distance/near horizontal eye position, and accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) of subjects were measured.Changes in visual function over the year were compared between the two groups.In addition, subjective contrast sensitivity (CS) was assessed at each follow-up visit to evaluate the effect of the lenses on visual quality.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (No.2020-06).Parents or legal guardians signed written informed consent before the child's participation.Results:There were significant differences in monocular accommodation amplitude and binocular accommodation sensitivity at different time points between before and after lens wear in both groups (Wald χ2time=84.435, 48.201; both P<0.001).In both groups, monocular accommodation amplitude was decreased and the biocular accommodation sensitivity was increased at 6 and 12 months after wearing glasses compared with baseline (all P<0.001).After 12 months of lens wear, the monocular accommodation amplitude decreased by 2.68 D (95% CI: 1.60-3.75 D) in DIMS group and 2.82 D (95% CI: 1.81-3.84 D) in single-vision group.There were statistically significant differences in distance and near horizontal eye position between the two groups at different time points before and after wearing glasses (Wald χtime2=10.398, 23.947; both P<0.01).In the DIMS group, after 12 months of wearing lenses, the distance horizontal eye position drifted outward by 0.68 △(95% CI: 0.06-1.25 △) compared to baseline, with a significant difference ( P<0.05).There was 1.67 △ (95% CI: 0.15-3.20 △) outward drift at near horizontal eye position in the DIMS group and 1.73 △ (95% CI: 0.49-2.96 △) outward drift in the single-vision group compared with baseline, with significant differences (both P<0.05).There were statistically significant differences in gradient AC/A values and calculated AC/A values between the two groups at different time points before and after wearing glasses (Wald χtime2=22.001, 13.411; both P<0.01).After 12 months of wearing glasses, the gradient AC/A values significantly decreased in both groups compared to respective baseline, and the calculated AC/A values in the single-vision group showed a significant decrease compared to baseline (all P<0.05).There were no significant difference in the monocular accommodation amplitude, binocular accommodation sensitivity, distance and near horizontal eye position, gradient AC/A values and calculated AC/A values between the two groups (Wald χgroup2=2.385, 2.266, 2.070, 0.571, 0.578, 0.053; all P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the CS at 3, 6, 12, and 18 cpd spatial frequencies between the two groups at different time points before and after wearing lenses (Wald χ2group=1.104, 2.263, 1.861, 3.671; all P>0.05.Wald χ2time=2.260, 5.382, 2.573, 1.637; all P>0.05). Conclusions:Visual function performance after wearing DIMS lenses is consistent with that after wearing single-vision lenses.Wearing DIMS lenses has no obvious negative effect on the long-term visual quality in children.

Objective To develop and validate data extraction and patient identification algorithms for cutaneous lupus erythematosus(CLE)and its two subtypes,discoid lupus erythematosus(DLE)and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus(SCLE),and to enable high-efficiency patient identification in large-scale electronic health databases.Methods This study utilized data from the 2013-2017 National Insurance Claims for Epidemiological Research(NICER)to construct data extraction and rapid patient identification algorithms.The manual verification results were used as gold standard to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the algorithms.Additionally,the basic characteristics of the identified patients were analyzed.Results Initially,standardized expressions were developed based on medical terminology and diagnostic codes.These were further refined with input from clinicians to include potential synonyms and common misspellings,improving the preliminary screening expressions.Through iterative verification by clinicians and data management engineers,a final disease-specific screening algorithm was established.The developed extraction and identification algorithms for all 3 targeted disease demonstrated strong performance,with sensitivity values of 0.985,1.000,and 0.991,and specificity values of 0.997,0.999,and 0.998 for CLE,DLE,and SCLE,respectively.A total of 34,554 CLE cases,including 2,879 DLE cases,and 623 SCLE cases were identified between 2013 and 2017,with a higher prevalence among females than males.Conclusion This study developed and validated an identification algorithm for CLE patients based on medical insurance databases,demonstrating high performance.The proposed algorithm provides a methodological framework and empirical evidence for designing and optimizing big data-driven rapid patient identification algorithms in dermatology research.

To investigate body composition and associated factors in adolescents undergoing long-term regular sports training.

Objective:To study the correlation between osteoporosis and the joint of small articular process of lumbar vertebra,and the correlation between bone mineral density(BMD)and various parameters of small joint based on quantitative computed tomography(QCT),so as to provide scientific basis for formulating clinically treatment strategies.Methods:This study included 63 patients who admitted to orthopedics of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from December 2023 to March 2024 due to waist discomfort and lower limb pain.According to BMD standard of CT examination for lumbar vertebra,these patients were divided into normal BMD group(31 cases),osteopenia group(21 cases)and osteoporosis group(11 cases).All patients underwent CT scan on lumbar vertebra.The mode with body membrane were adopted to measure BMD,the area of left and right articular process,CT value,height after the scan was completed.Whether existed osteophytes,endplate inflammation and intervertebral disc herniation in each group were checked.Univariate Analysis of Variance(ANOVA)was employed to assess the differences among different BMD groups in age,gender,area of articular process,CT value and height.The Pathria grading system was adopted to assess the degeneration degree of intervertebral joint,and the Fisher's exact test was used to analyze the differences in degeneration scores of articular process among three groups.At the same time,the pairwise comparison between groups also was conducted.Spearman's rank correlation analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between BMD and the degeneration degree of intervertebral joint.Results:The BMD value of normal BMD group was(165.14±30.11)mg/cm3,and that of osteopenia group was(98.98±10.14)mg/cm3,and that of osteoporosis group was(58.62±18.73)mg/cm3.There was a statistically significant difference in BMD value among three groups(F=103.121,P＜0.001),and there was a statistically significant difference in BMD value between normal BMD group and osteopenia group as the result of pairwise comparison between groups(t=10.018,P＜0.001).There was statistically significant difference in BMD value between normal BMD group and osteoporosis group(t=12.989,P＜0.001),and there was statistically significant difference in BMD value between osteopenia group and osteoporosis group(t=4.641,P＜0.001).The areas of left and right upper articular process of normal BMD group were less than that of other two groups,and the differences of CT value and height of left and right upper articular process among three groups were significant(F=27.350,24.458,P＜0.05),respectively.The CT value of normal BMD group was higher than that of other two groups,and CT values of right upper articular process of osteopenia group was significantly lower than that of osteoporosis group,and the difference was statistical significance(t=2.191,P＜0.05).The heights of left and right upper articular processes of normal BMD group were lower than those of osteoporosis group,and the height of right upper articular process was lower than that of osteopenia group(t=2.331,-2.798,-2.618,P＜0.05).There was a negative correlation between osteoporosis degree and the degeneration of articular process joints(r=-0.745,P＜0.001).With the decreasing of BMD value,the degeneration of articular process joint gradually aggravated,and the ratios of osteophytes,endplate inflammation and intervertebral discs increased.Conclusion:There is a certain correlation between the osteoporosis and the degeneration of articular process joints of lumbar intervertebral disc.The ratios of osteophytes,endplate inflammation and intervertebral disc herniation increase,and both the area and height of the left and right articular process increase when the reduction of bone mass reaches to a serious degree.

Bacillus velezensis DJ1 exhibits broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against diverse phytopathogenic fungi, while its biocontrol mechanisms against Fusarium graminearum, the causal agent of maize stalk rot, remain poorly characterized. In this study, we integrated genomics and transcriptomics to elucidate the antifungal mechanisms of strain DJ1. The results demonstrated that DJ1 inhibited F. graminearum with the efficacy of 64.4%, while its polyketide crude extract achieved the control efficacy of 55% in pot experiments against this disease. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a single circular chromosome (3 929 792 bp, GC content of 47%) harboring 12 biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, six of which encoded known antimicrobial compounds (macrolactin H, bacillaene, difficidin, surfactin, fengycin, and bacilysin). Transcriptomic analysis identified 243 differentially expressed genes (152 upregulated and 91 downregulated, P < 0.05), which were potentially associated with the antagonistic activity against F. graminearum. KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted activation (P < 0.05) of cysteine/methionine metabolism, pentose phosphate pathway, and polyketide biosynthesis pathways, indicating that DJ1 employed synergistic strategies involving antimicrobial compound synthesis, energy metabolism enhancement, and nutrient competition to suppress pathogens. This study provides a theoretical foundation for developing novel microbial resources and application technologies to combat phytopathogenic fungi.
Fusarium/drug effects* ; Bacillus/metabolism* ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control* ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology* ; Genomics ; Zea mays/microbiology* ; Transcriptome ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Antibiosis ; Multigene Family ; Multiomics

Objective:To investigate the current status of implementing medical insurance performance evaluation in the hospitals of China under the background of China Healthcare Security Diagnosis Related Groups (CHS-DRG) and Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) payment reform, explore the perspectives and recommendations of key department leaders (e.g., health insurance, medical affairs, pricing, and performance evaluation departments) regarding health insurance performance evaluation, analyze the influencing factors in its implementation, so as to provide references for hospitals to develop and refine health insurance performance evaluation strategies.Methods:A questionnaire was designed and distributed to hospitals across 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China from December 1 to 31, 2023. The survey targeted secondary and tertiary general or specialized hospitals. The main responsible persons from four functional departments, including medical insurance, healthcare, pricing, and performance, were invited to participate in the survey. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the questionnaire data, and the chi-square test was used for differential analysis of unordered categorical variables, while the Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for differential analysis of ordered categorical variables.Results:A total of 761 valid questionnaires were collected. Most respondents were health insurance department leaders (420, 55.19%). Among them, 741 respondents reported that their hospitals used CHS-DRG or DIP payment, with 258 indicating that their hospitals had already developed and implemented health insurance performance evaluation plans. A majority (685, 90.01%) expressed support for such initiatives. Influencing factor analysis revealed that hospital type, level, scope of health insurance management departments, and payment methods might impact the implementation of health insurance performance evaluation ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Few hospitals have currently adopted health insurance performance evaluation, underscoring the urgency to establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation plan as a robust tool for internal hospital management.