Objective:To discuss the effect of asiatic acid(AA)on the inflammation and oxidative stress damage induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS)in the primary cultured hippocampus neurons,and to clarify its mechanism.Methods:The primary cultured rat hippocampus neurons(cell purity identified by immunofluorescence staining)were divided into control group,LPS(10 mg·L-1)group,and LPS+AA group(10 mg·L-1 LPS+10,20,and 40 μmol·L-1 AA),AA group(20 μmol·L-1 AA),ML385 group[10 μmol·L-1 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor(Nrf2)inhibitor],and LPS+ML385+AA group(10mg·L-1 LPS+10 μmol·L-1 ML385+20 μmol·L-1 AA).After drug treatment,methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)method was used to detect the survival rates of the hippocampus neurons in various groups;lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)kit was used to detect the LDH leakage rates of the hippocampus neurons in various groups;enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)kit was used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory factors[interleukin(IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α]and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)levels in the hippocampus neurons in various groups;Griess method was used to detect the nitric oxide(NO)levels in supernatant of the hippocampus neurons in various groups;immunofluorescence staining was used to detect the expressions of Nrf2 and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)proteins in the hippocampus neurons in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of Nrf2,HO-1,nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB),and B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2)proteins in the hippocampus neurons in various groups.Results:Compared with control group,the survival rate of the hippocampus neurons,SOD activity,and Bcl-2 expression level in the cells in LPS group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),while the LDH leakage rate,expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α,MDA level,and NO level,as well as the expression level of NF-κB protein,were significantly increased(P＜0.01);the fluorescence intensities and expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins in hippocampus neurons were significantly decreased(P＜0.01).Compared with LPS group,the survival rates of hippocampus neurons,SOD activities,and expression levels of Bcl-2 in the cells in LPS+10 μmol·L-1 AA group and 20 μmol·L-1 AA group were significantly increased(P＜0.01),while the LDH leakage rates,expression levels of IL-1β and TNF-α,MDA levels,and NO levels,as well as expression levels of NF-κB protein,were significantly decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and the fluorescence intensities and protein expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the cells were significantly increased(P＜0.01).Compared with LPS+20 μmol·L-1 AA group,the fluorescence intensities of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the cells in LPS+ML385+AA group were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),and the expression levels of Nrf2 protein in the nucleus and cytoplasm,the expression levels of HO-1 and Bcl-2 proteins in the cells were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),while the expression level of NF-κB protein was significantly increased(P＜0.01).Conclusion:AA can improve LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress damage in the primary cultured rat hippocampus neurons,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

By consulting the relevant literature and historical herbal literature,the name,origin and harvesting,efficacy and indications,as well as nature,taste,and meridians of Bunge pricklyash seed were reviewed."Jiaomu"as a medicinal herb name was first recorded in the"Compendium of Materia Medica Annotations",and later generations also used"Jiaomu"as a proper name.Bunge pricklyash seeds are the seeds of the Rutaceae plant Sichuan Bunge pricklyash seed or green Bunge pricklyash seed.They are harvested when they mature in autumn from August to October,and can be processed by net,stir-frying or salt.It can promote diuresis and reduce swelling,treat kidney deficiency and tinnitus,and is mainly used to treat bloating in the abdomen.It is non-toxic or slightly toxic.This article traced the origin of Bunge pricklyash seed,studied the history of medicine,clarified the original traditional Chinese medicine properties of Bunge pricklyash seed,and provided scientific basis for the correct clinical use and the national formulation of quality standards for this herb.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths， and standard treatments for lung cancer， including surgery， radiotherapy， chemotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy， have shown significant clinical effects. However， current available treatment strategies are still unable to cure the disease. Since the majority of lung cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage， surgical options are often lost， and the primary approach is typically a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. However， the adverse reactions associated with these treatments limit their effectiveness and application， and the damage caused to normal tissues is often more severe than that inflicted on the tumor. Currently， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been used as part of combination therapy for cancer treatment due to its unique system of syndrome differentiation， flexible compatibility， and safety and efficacy. TCM prescriptions and single drugs with multiple components and targets can simultaneously regulate multiple pathways. As reported， among numerous pathways involved in the regulation of lung cancer， the nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway plays a key role in inducing cell transcription and is one of the main pathways involved in the occurrence and development of lung cancer. It can specifically regulate inflammatory responses， cell proliferation， apoptosis， invasion and metastasis， angiogenesis， and multidrug resistance in lung cancer. TCM prescriptions and single drugs can inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation， invasion， and metastasis， induce apoptosis and autophagy in lung cancer cells， suppress angiogenesis， regulate immune function， and treat multidrug resistance by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore， they play a role in intervening in lung cancer. However， there is currently a lack of systematic literature research that comprehensively summarizes and elucidates these aspects in China and abroad. Therefore， it is important to provide a systematic elucidation of the mechanism underlying the regulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway in lung cancer and review TCM interventions in lung cancer based on the NF-κB signaling pathway. This study is expected to provide references for the clinical application of lung cancer therapeutic drugs and the development of new drugs.

Chest trauma is one of the most common injuries. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a common complication of chest trauma seriously affects the quality of patients′ life and even leads to death. Although there are some consensus and guidelines on the prevention and treatment of VTE at home and abroad, the current literatures lack specificity considering the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VTE in patients with chest trauma have their own characteristics, especially for those with blunt trauma. Accordingly, China Chest Injury Research Society and editorial board of Chinese Journal of Traumatology organized relevant domestic experts to jointly formulate the Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of chest trauma venous thromboembolism associated with chest trauma (2022 version). This consensus provides expert recommendations of different levels as academic guidance in terms of the characteristics, clinical manifestations, risk assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chest trauma-related VTE, so as to offer a reference for clinical application.

Objective:To assess the validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the eleven-item Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS-11)in Chinese adolescents,calculate its optimal cut-off value and the sensi-tivity and specificity,and explore the possibility of providing a useful tool to assess the severity of adolescent de-pressive symptoms.Methods:Totally 3180 students aged 11 -17 years were selected from schools in 6 provinces and Shanghai.All of them were asked to complete the KADS-11 and Children Depression Inventory (CDI). Students whose CDI scores were above 19 (including 19)were diagnosed with the DSM-IV criteria of depressive disorder,73 students from Shanghai sample were assessed with KADS-11 and CDI to analyze the test-retest reliabil-ity 1 month later.Results:Exploratory factor analysis showed that KADS-11 had 2 factors,and confirmatory factor analysis tested proved the 2-factor model fit better than the one-factor model.The KADS-11 total scores were posi-tively correlated with CDI total scores (r =0.74,P <0.01 ),and the KADS-11 scores were higher in depressive group than those in non-depressive group.The mean area under the curve (AUC)of KADS-11was 0.94,the mean area under the curve of each item ranged from 0.7 to 0.9.The optimal cut-off point of KADS-11 was total score≥9,sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 90% respectively.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the KADS-11 was 0.84,the spilt-half reliability coefficient was 0.71 (P <0.01),and the test-retest coefficient was 0.77 (P <0.01).Conclusion:The KADS-11 is appropriate for Chinese adolescents because of its good validity,reliability and diagnosis accuracy,it could be used to assess depressive symptoms for adolescents.