OBJECTIVE: Exploring the formation and aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) (amylin) fibers is significant for promoting the prevention and treatment of type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Flavones in pomelo peel have visible biological activity in the anti-diabetes aspect. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of five flavones [naringin (NRG), narirutin (NRR), nobiletin (NOB), sinensetin (SIN), and neohesperidin (NHP)] in pomelo peel on peptide aggregation and explore its possible mechanisms. The cell viability of flavones against peptide aggregation was also evaluated. METHODS: The thioflavin T (ThT) assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for evaluating the inhibition and disaggregation of flavones on peptide aggregation. The interaction mechanism was analyzed by endogenous fluorescence, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) experiments. The 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and immune assays were performed to characterize the cell viability of flavones against peptide aggregation. RESULTS: The five flavones showed a decrease in fluorescence intensity, fiber number and size under incubation with different molar ratios of hIAPP. The compounds can bind to the aromatic tyrosine (Tyr) residueTyr 37, resulting in the intrinsic fluorescence quenching of the peptides. Five flavones can form hydrogen bonds with hIAPP, which is likely to be based on their phenolic hydroxyl structure. They showed strong binding affinity with peptides. The reaction system of NRG and NRR observed an exothermic reaction, and the others were endothermic reactions. The absorption peaks of the compounds with hIAPP changed and showed hypochromic effects, indicating that there may be π-π stacking interaction. Flavones noticeably increased the cell viability in the presence of amyloid peptides and reduced the absorption intensity induced by peptide oligomers. CONCLUSION A total of five flavones in pomelo peel have inhibitory and depolymerization effects on amyloid fibrils, and can significantly protect cells from the toxic effect of hIAPP and reduce the production of toxic oligomers.

Stresses induced by the deficiency or excess of trace mineral elements, such as manganese (Mn), represent a common limiting factor for the production of crops like Brassica napus. To identify key genes involved in Mn allocation in B. napus and elucidate the underlying mechanisms, a member of the metal tolerance protein (MTP) family obtained in the previous screening of cDNA library of B. napus under Mn stress was selected as the research subject. Based on the sequence information and phylogenetic analysis, it was named as BnMTP10. It belongs to the Mn-cation diffusion facilitator (CDF) subfamily. Expression of BnMTP10 in yeast significantly improved the tolerance of transformants to excessive Mn and iron (Fe) and reduced the accumulation of Mn and Fe. However, the yeast transformants exhibited no significant changes in tolerance to excess cadmium, boron, aluminum, zinc, or copper. The qRT-PCR results demonstrated that the flowers of B. napus had the highest expression of BnMTP10, followed by roots and leaves. Subcellular localization studies revealed that BnMTP10 was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Compared with wild-type plants, transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing BnMTP10 exhibited enhanced tolerance to excessive Mn stress but showed no significant difference under Fe stress. Correspondingly, under excessive Mn stress, the Mn content in the roots of transgenic Arabidopsis increased significantly. However, under excessive Fe stress, the Fe content in transgenic Arabidopsis did not alter significantly. According to the results, we hypothesize that BnMTP10 may alleviate excessive Mn stress in plants by mediating Mn transport to the ER. This study facilitated our understanding of efficient mineral nutrients, and provided theoretical foundations and gene resources for breeding B. napus.
Brassica napus/genetics* ; Manganese/metabolism* ; Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics* ; Plant Proteins/physiology* ; Arabidopsis/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Phylogeny ; Cation Transport Proteins/metabolism* ; Stress, Physiological

Objective To put forward relevant national legislative proposals for preventing workplace violence (WPV) in the healthcare industry by comparing the current legal practices of China and the United States. Methods The Workplace Violence Prevention for Health Care and Social Service Workers Act (hereinafter referred to as the "Act") of the United States was translated and analyzed. The relevant normative legal documents in China were systematically reviewed to compare the legislative differences in the prevention and control of WPV against health care workers. Results The Act aims to establish an employer-driven legal framework for WPV prevention and control. China has no specific legislation for WPV, but has established partial legislation for protecting healthcare workers from external violence through various legal practices. The "Act" regards WPV as an occupational hazard and adopts the priority control order to carry out the prevention and control of WPV. In contrast, China's legislation for WPV approach emphasizes public security and undermines occupational health, treating WPV merely as a work-related injury or accident with limited protection. This gap reveals divergent priorities for legal interests. Conclusion China should integrate WPV prevention and control into the occupational health legal framework through revising existing laws, advancing dedicated legislation, and ratifying relevant international conventions, to strengthen the occupational health legal system. All stakeholders should clarify the responsibilities for WPV prevention and control of healthcare workers, and ensure comprehensive legislative response.

Objective: The impact of prophylactic salpingectomy on the prevention of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unclear, particularly in Asian populations where data is lacking. In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, we sought to assess whether prophylactic salpingectomy could reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer in the general population of multiple ethnicities. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to assess the effectiveness of salpingectomy, bilateral salpingectomy (BS), and unilateral salpingectomy (US) in reducing the risk of EOC and evaluating postoperative outcomes. Results: The final analyses included 6 eligible trials (5,747,056 patients), including 1 cohort study and 5 case-control studies. The analyses of these studies demonstrated that women who underwent salpingectomy had a significantly reduced risk of EOC compared to those who did not receive salpingectomy (odds ratio [OR]=0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.45–0.89; p=0.007). Five studies (5,746,469 patients) indicated a significant reduction in EOC risk among patients who underwent BS (OR=0.48; 95% CI=0.33–0.69; p<0.001).On the other hand, in the analysis of 4 studies (5,745,887 patients) that examined US, the association with EOC risk was not significant despite the protective trend (OR=0.82; 95% CI=0.64–1.06; p=0.12). Conclusion Our results indicate BS is an effective strategy for reducing the risk of sporadic EOC, but the results did not lead to the same conclusion for patients who underwent US. When a candidate or patient is undergoing a hysterectomy or has other benign diseases, prophylactic BS may be a safe surgical procedure that carries future benefits in terms of EOC risk.

Objective: The impact of prophylactic salpingectomy on the prevention of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unclear, particularly in Asian populations where data is lacking. In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, we sought to assess whether prophylactic salpingectomy could reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer in the general population of multiple ethnicities. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to assess the effectiveness of salpingectomy, bilateral salpingectomy (BS), and unilateral salpingectomy (US) in reducing the risk of EOC and evaluating postoperative outcomes. Results: The final analyses included 6 eligible trials (5,747,056 patients), including 1 cohort study and 5 case-control studies. The analyses of these studies demonstrated that women who underwent salpingectomy had a significantly reduced risk of EOC compared to those who did not receive salpingectomy (odds ratio [OR]=0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.45–0.89; p=0.007). Five studies (5,746,469 patients) indicated a significant reduction in EOC risk among patients who underwent BS (OR=0.48; 95% CI=0.33–0.69; p<0.001).On the other hand, in the analysis of 4 studies (5,745,887 patients) that examined US, the association with EOC risk was not significant despite the protective trend (OR=0.82; 95% CI=0.64–1.06; p=0.12). Conclusion Our results indicate BS is an effective strategy for reducing the risk of sporadic EOC, but the results did not lead to the same conclusion for patients who underwent US. When a candidate or patient is undergoing a hysterectomy or has other benign diseases, prophylactic BS may be a safe surgical procedure that carries future benefits in terms of EOC risk.

Objective: The impact of prophylactic salpingectomy on the prevention of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) remains unclear, particularly in Asian populations where data is lacking. In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, we sought to assess whether prophylactic salpingectomy could reduce the incidence of ovarian cancer in the general population of multiple ethnicities. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted using PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to assess the effectiveness of salpingectomy, bilateral salpingectomy (BS), and unilateral salpingectomy (US) in reducing the risk of EOC and evaluating postoperative outcomes. Results: The final analyses included 6 eligible trials (5,747,056 patients), including 1 cohort study and 5 case-control studies. The analyses of these studies demonstrated that women who underwent salpingectomy had a significantly reduced risk of EOC compared to those who did not receive salpingectomy (odds ratio [OR]=0.63; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.45–0.89; p=0.007). Five studies (5,746,469 patients) indicated a significant reduction in EOC risk among patients who underwent BS (OR=0.48; 95% CI=0.33–0.69; p<0.001).On the other hand, in the analysis of 4 studies (5,745,887 patients) that examined US, the association with EOC risk was not significant despite the protective trend (OR=0.82; 95% CI=0.64–1.06; p=0.12). Conclusion Our results indicate BS is an effective strategy for reducing the risk of sporadic EOC, but the results did not lead to the same conclusion for patients who underwent US. When a candidate or patient is undergoing a hysterectomy or has other benign diseases, prophylactic BS may be a safe surgical procedure that carries future benefits in terms of EOC risk.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics, influencing factors, consequences, coping strategies, and preventive measures of workplace violence in medical consortiums.Methods:Medical professionals from a specialized hospital in South China and its consortium members (2 primary-level, 1 secondary-level, and 1 tertiary-level hospitals) were surveyed in December 2022 and July 2023. Quantitative research included 1013 participants, while qualitative research involved 35 participants. Workplace violence was assessed using the "National Case Study Tool for Workplace Violence in Healthcare Institutions-Survey Questionnaire", with qualitative analysis conducted through semi-structured interviews. Inter-group comparisons employed chi-square tests or Fisher's exact probability test, with logistic regression models for bivariate analysis.Results:The overall incidence rates of violence, psychological violence, and physical violence in this medical consortium were 31.7% (321/1, 013) , 30.6% (310/1, 013) , and 3.3% (33/1, 013) , respectively. Specifically, the overall violence rates in Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 hospitals were 22.7% (41/181) , 27.4% (43/157) , and 35.1% (237/675) . The physical violence rates were 1.1% (2/181) , 10.2% (16/157) , and 2.2% (15/675) , respectively. The psychological violence rates stood at 22.7% (41/181) , 24.8% (39/157) , and 34.1% (230/675) . The total violence in tertiary hospitals was significantly higher than that in tertiary hospitals ( F=10.10, P=0.002) , and the incidence of psychological violence in tertiary hospitals was significantly higher than that in tertiary hospitals ( Flevel 1 vs level 3=8.61, P=0.003; Flevel 2 vs level 3=4.96, P=0.026) , incidence of verbal insults ( Flevel 1 vs level 3=8.25, P=0.004; Flevel 2 vs level 3=6.36, P= 0.012) was significantly higher than that of level 1 and level 2 hospitals. The incidence of physical violence in secondary hospitals was significantly higher than that of other two-level hospitals ( P<0.001) . Compared with other types of violence, the incidence of verbal insults is highest in hospitals at all levels. Higher anxiety about violence was a risk factor for psychological violence in hospitals at all levels ( Flevel1 hospital=15.44, P=0.004; Flevel2 hospital=22.87, P<0.001; Flevel3 hospital=84.12, P<0.001) . Health workers in all three levels of hospitals has a high level of approval of existing workplace violence interventions. The main causes of workplace violence were poor communication between doctors and patients (13.2%) , service attitude problems (12.5%) and patient illness (16.9%) . Conclusion:Workplace violence remains prevalent within this medical consortium. Targeted measures should be implemented based on hospital size, functions, and patient demographics.

Objective:To analyze the disease burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) among young and middle-aged people in China from 1990 to 2021, and to explore the influence of age, period and cohort on the incidence and mortality of CRC in young and middle-aged people of China.Methods:Data on CRC in patients aged 40-59 years in China from 1990 to 2021 were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database. Statistics such as incidence rate, mortality rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALY), and their corresponding age-standardized rates were calculated to analyze the CRC incidence and mortality in different age and sex groups of young and middle-aged Chinese young people from 1990 to 2021. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the CRC incidence, the mortality and the DALY rate, as well as to calculate the annual percentage change (APC) and the average annual percentage change (AAPC). The effects of three independent factors, namely age, period and cohort, on the incidence and mortality of CRC in young and middle-aged people of China were analyzed and evaluated through the age-period-cohort model.Results:From 1990 to 2021, there was a remarkable upward trend in the incidence, mortality, and DALY of CRC among Chinese young and middle-aged adults. In 2021, the number of incidence cases of CRC among young and middle-aged people in China reached 181 000, and the number of deaths reached 57 900, which were 236.80% and 75.48% higher than those in 1990 (53 800 and 33 000, respectively). During the same period, DALY increased by 62.59%, with the 55-59 age group having the largest increase at 83.35%. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) increased by 49.04%, rising from 25.51/100 000 to 38.02/100 000, and the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) declined by 28.75%, decreasing from 17.01/100 000 to 12.12/100 000, respectively. The increase in ASIR was the greatest among the 40-44 age group, reaching 57.31%, while the decline in ASMR was the most significant among the 50-54 age group, amounting to 30.18%. However, the DALY rate declined by 26.66%, from 673.52/100 000 to 493.94/100 000. The decline in DALY was the greatest among the 50-54 age group, reaching 28.26%. Joinpoint regression model analysis showed that, from 1990 to 2021, the incidence of CRC in Chinese young and middle-aged adults rose on average by 1.32% annually, and the increase was higher in men (1.87%) than that in women (0.36%). The mortality rate showed a downward trend, with an average annual decline of 1.10%, with a higher decline in women than in men (-2.14% vs. -0.50%). The DALY rate showed a downward trend, with an average annual decline of 1.00%, and more decline in women than in men (-2.06% vs. -0.41%). All of these trends were statistically significant (all P<0.001). The age-period-cohort model analysis showed that, the net drift of CRC incidence was 1.21% (1.02%-1.41%) per year among Chinese young and middle-aged adults between 1990 and 2021, while the net drift in mortality was -1.40% (-1.59%--1.21%) per year. The impact of age on CRC incidence and mortality intensified with advancing age. Incidence attributable to age rose from 12.66% (11.90%- 13.46%) in the 40-44 age group to 56.68% (54.37%-59.08%) in the 55-59 age group. Similarly, mortality attributable to age increased from 6.47% (6.12%-6.85%) in the 40-44 age group to 25.74% (24.58%-26.96%) in the 55-59 age group. In all age groups, the role of CRC incidence and mortality attributable to age was higher in men than in women. Period effects on the RR value of CRC incidence showed a declining trend followed by an upward trend, with the highest risk during 2015-2019 ( RR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.28-1.43), using 2000-2004 as the reference. For mortality, period effects exhibited a declining trend, with the highest risk during 1990-1994 ( RR=1.23, 95% CI: 1.15-1.32), using 2000-2004 as the reference. Cohort effects indicated that later birth cohorts had higher incidence risks, with the highest incidence observed in the 1973-1977 birth cohort ( RR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.16-1.45), using the 1953-1957 birth cohort as the reference. Conversely, later birth cohorts had lower mortality risks, with the lowest mortality in the 1973-1977 birth cohort ( RR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88), using the 1953-1957 birth cohort as the reference. Conclusions:From 1990 to 2021, the changes in the disease burden of CRC among young and middle-aged people in China are manifested as an increase in standardized incidence rate and a decrease in standardized mortality rate. Meanwhile, there are gender differences in the trend of temporal changes. Age, period and cohort all have a significant impact on the incidence and mortality trends of colorectal cancer in young and middle-aged people. Research on the etiology of CRC should be strengthened, and targeted prevention and control strategies should be formulated.

Objective:To investigate tetanus antibody levels and distribution characteristics in a healthy population of Henan Province.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Henan Province from 2022 to 2023 to investigate the permanent population. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-tetanus toxoid IgG antibody (anti-TT), and the positive rate (≥0.01 IU/ml), protection rate (≥0.1 IU/ml) and concentration differences of tetanus antibodies in different populations were analyzed.Results:The age M ( Q1, Q3) of 5 494 participants was 14 (4, 40) years old, with a minimum age of 8 months and a maximum age of 81 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 1.00∶1.18. The total positive rate, protective rate and mean concentration (MC) [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of Anti-TT were 76.48%, 41.72% and 0.067 (0.010, 0.154) IU/ml, respectively. The positive rates of Anti-TT in individuals aged <3, 3-5, 6-9, and 10-14 were 95.32%, 96.05%, 97.81%, and 93.17%, respectively, but gradually decreased with age ( χ2trend=1 283.02, P<0.001). The antibody protection rate [82.13% (579/705)] and MC [ M ( Q1, Q3) of 0.160 (0.122, 0.259) IU/ml] in the population under 3 years old were relatively high, and both showed a decreasing trend with age (protection rate: χ2trend=1 889.49, P<0.001; MC: t=-54.22, P<0.001). There were significant differences in antibody levels among populations of different ages, regions, occupations, and immunization histories (all P<0.001). Within 13 years after the last dose of TTCV vaccination, the positive rate of Anti-TT was all greater than 90%, but the protection rate and MC continued to decrease with the prolongation of vaccination time (protection rate: χ2trend=160.58, P<0.001; MC: t=-14.93, P<0.001). After the last dose of vaccination, the protection rate and MC [ M ( Q1, Q3)] decreased to 30.43% and 0.055 (0.036, 0.115) IU/ml, respectively, for 10-13 years. The protection rates of Anti-TT for farmers, workers, people aged 60 and above, and women of childbearing age (20-45 years old) were 7.77%, 22.96%, 8.39%, and 12.72%, respectively. Conclusion:The level of tetanus antibodies in infants and young children in Henan Province is relatively high from 2022 to 2023, but it decreases with age and prolonged post-immunization time. There are significant differences in antibody levels among individuals of different ages, regions, occupations, and immunization histories. Occupational high-risk groups such as farmers and workers, elderly people, and women of childbearing age lack sufficient immunization protection.

Objective To compare the consistency of voice parameters collected by commonly used smart-phone brands in China and professional recording equipment,and to study whether smartphones can be used for voice research.Methods A total of 67 normal subjects were selected for voice recording using six different smart-phone brands(via the"Active Health"screening APP from the National Key Research and Development Program)and professional recording equipment.Acoustic voice parameters such as fundamental frequency parameters,fre-quency variation parameters,amplitude variation parameters,formant parameters,and energy parameters were ex-tracted from the vowels/a/,/i/,and/u/.A one-way ANOVA test and Tukey's HSD post-hoc comparisons were conducted on the independent variables.Results There were no significant differences between smartphones and professional recording equipment in terms of fundamental frequency parameters such as median F0,mean F0,max F0 and min F0;frequency parameters such as jitter local,jitter local absolute,jitter rap,jitter ppq5,and jitter ddp;amplitude parameters such as shimmer local,shimmer local dB,shimmer apq3,shimmer apq5,shimmer apq11,and shimmer dda;and formant parameters such as F1,F2,F3,and F4.However,significant differences were found in energy parameters such as mean energy(F=31.171,P＜0.001),max energy(F=34.193,P＜0.001),and min energy(F=5.453,P＜0.001)between smartphones and professional recording equipment.Conclusion The smartphones using the"Active Health"screening app from the National Key Research and Development Program can replace professional recording equipment for voice research.However,caution should be exercised when selec-ting energy-related acoustic parameters.