Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism of mild hypothermia-induced reduction of neuronal apoptosis during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in rats.Methods:Forty SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 200-250 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), cerebral I/R group (IR group), hypothermia + cerebral I/R group (HIR group), hypothermia + cerebral ischemia-reperfusion + solvent group (HIR-DMSO group) and hypothermia + ischemia-reperfusion + CaMKK2 inhibitor STO-609 group (HIR-STO609 group). A global cerebral I/R injury model was established using the four-vessel occlusion method. In HIR group, HIR-DMSO group, and HIR-STO609 group, an ice blanket was used to reduce the body temperature immediately after cerebral ischemia, bringing the core body temperature down to 32.5-33.5 ℃, and rewarming was carried out 4 h later. One hour before developing the model, STO-609 solution 4 μl was injected into the lateral ventricle in HIR-STO609 group, and the equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide solution was given instead in HIR-DMSO group. At the end of reperfusion, the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was performed. Then the rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, and the hippocampal tissues were taken to observe the pathological results of the hippocampal tissues (using HE staining and Nissl staining) and to determine the apoptosis rate of neurons (by TUNEL method) and expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), CaMKK2, phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and AMPK (by Western blot). Results:Compared with Sham group, the mNSS and apoptosis rate of neurons in the hippocampal tissues were significantly increased, the expression of Bax was up-regulated, the expression of Bcl-2, CaMKK2 and p-AMPK was down-regulated, and the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK was decreased in IR group ( P<0.05). Compared with IR group, the mNSS and apoptosis rate of neurons in the hippocampal tissues were significantly decreased, the expression of Bax was down-regulated, the expression of Bcl-2, CaMKK2 and p-AMPK was up-regulated, and the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK was increased in HIR group ( P<0.05). Compared with HIR group, the mNSS and apoptosis rate of neurons in the hippocampal tissues were significantly increased, the expression of Bax was up-regulated, the expression of Bcl-2, CaMKK2 and p-AMPK was down-regulated, the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the aforementioned parameters in HIR-DMSO group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Mild hypothermia can inhibit neuronal apoptosis by up-regulating the CaMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway, thus reducing cerebral I/R injury in rats.

Objective To explore the potential cross-sectional categories of health promotion behaviors in patients after PCI and analyze their influencing factors,so as to provide a reference for formulating targeted interventions to improve health promotion behaviors in patients after PCI.Methods A total of 242 patients who underwent PCI surgery in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of a tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province from February to May 2024 were selected by convenience sampling method.The general information questionnaire,the health promotion lifestyle scale,the health literacy scale for patients with chronic diseases,and the perceived social support scale were used to conduct the survey.The potential profile analysis of health promotion behaviors in patients after PCI was carried out,and the influencing factors were explored by univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 230 patients after PCI completed the study.The results of potential profile analysis showed that the health promotion behaviors of patients after PCI could be divided into three potential profiles:"low health promotion-poor behavior group"(n=71,30.9%),"medium health promotion behavior group"(n=53,23.0%),and"high health promotion-positive behavior group"(n=106,46.1%).Logistic regression analysis showed that medical payment methods,the number of chronic diseases,whether they had received chronic disease-related knowledge guidance,health literacy,and social support were the influencing factors of the potential profile of health promotion behaviors of patients after PCI(all P<0.05).Conclusion The health promotion behaviors of patients after PCI have obvious categorical characteristics.Nursing staff should formulate personalized intervention strategies according to the characteristics and influencing factors of each category,improve the health literacy and comprehension of social support of patients after PCI,and then improve their health promotion behaviors.

Objective To investigate the effects of composite nanoparticles E/Ce@MCSNs loaded with epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)and cerium dioxide(CeO2)on the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla(SCAPs)and macrophage polarization under inflammatory conditions.Methods E/Ce@MCSNs were synthesized and characterized.Cell viabil-ity of SCAPs and RAW 264.7 cells treated with varying concentrations of E/Ce@MCSNs was assessed via CCK-8 assay.The antioxidant enzyme-mimetic activity of E/Ce@MCSNs was evaluated.Under simulated inflammatory conditions,intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging capacity was measured via DCFH-DA fluorescent probe.Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)staining/activity,alizarin red staining/semi-quantitative analysis,and RT-qPCR were performed to detect odonto/osteogenic differentiation markers,in-cluding dentin sialoprotein(DSPP),ALP,runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx-2),type Ⅰ collagen(COL-Ⅰ),and osteopontin(OPN)in SCAPs.The effects of E/Ce@MCSNs on the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs under this condition were eval-uated.RT-qPCR were used to analyze cytokine expression(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,iNOS,TGF-β,IL-10)and secreted TNF-α/IL-6 levels in RAW264.7 cells.The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in cell cul-ture supernatants were measured by ELISA.Results E/Ce@MCSNs exhibited excellent biocompatibility at concentrations≤100 μg/mL.They demonstrated potent ROS-scavenging activity(P＜0.05)and sig-nificantly enhanced ALP activity(P＜0.001),promoted calcium nodule formation(P＜0.001),and upregulated odonto/osteogenic gene expression(DSPP,ALP,Runx-2,COL-Ⅰ,OPN)in SCAPs under inflammatory conditions(P＜0.05).In RAW264.7 cells,E/Ce@MCSNs downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1 β,IL-6,iNOS)(P＜0.01)and upregulated anti-inflammatory factors(TGF-β,IL-10)(P＜0.001),while reducing TNF-α and IL-6 secretion(P＜0.001).Conclusion E/Ce@MCSNs exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in apical periodontitis by scavenging excessive ROS,thereby promoting odonto/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism of mild hypothermia-induced reduction of neuronal apoptosis during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2)/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in rats.Methods:Forty SPF male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 200-250 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=8 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (Sham group), cerebral I/R group (IR group), hypothermia + cerebral I/R group (HIR group), hypothermia + cerebral ischemia-reperfusion + solvent group (HIR-DMSO group) and hypothermia + ischemia-reperfusion + CaMKK2 inhibitor STO-609 group (HIR-STO609 group). A global cerebral I/R injury model was established using the four-vessel occlusion method. In HIR group, HIR-DMSO group, and HIR-STO609 group, an ice blanket was used to reduce the body temperature immediately after cerebral ischemia, bringing the core body temperature down to 32.5-33.5 ℃, and rewarming was carried out 4 h later. One hour before developing the model, STO-609 solution 4 μl was injected into the lateral ventricle in HIR-STO609 group, and the equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide solution was given instead in HIR-DMSO group. At the end of reperfusion, the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) was performed. Then the rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, and the hippocampal tissues were taken to observe the pathological results of the hippocampal tissues (using HE staining and Nissl staining) and to determine the apoptosis rate of neurons (by TUNEL method) and expression of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X (Bax), CaMKK2, phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) and AMPK (by Western blot). Results:Compared with Sham group, the mNSS and apoptosis rate of neurons in the hippocampal tissues were significantly increased, the expression of Bax was up-regulated, the expression of Bcl-2, CaMKK2 and p-AMPK was down-regulated, and the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK was decreased in IR group ( P<0.05). Compared with IR group, the mNSS and apoptosis rate of neurons in the hippocampal tissues were significantly decreased, the expression of Bax was down-regulated, the expression of Bcl-2, CaMKK2 and p-AMPK was up-regulated, and the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK was increased in HIR group ( P<0.05). Compared with HIR group, the mNSS and apoptosis rate of neurons in the hippocampal tissues were significantly increased, the expression of Bax was up-regulated, the expression of Bcl-2, CaMKK2 and p-AMPK was down-regulated, the ratio of p-AMPK/AMPK was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the aforementioned parameters in HIR-DMSO group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Mild hypothermia can inhibit neuronal apoptosis by up-regulating the CaMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway, thus reducing cerebral I/R injury in rats.

Objective To explore the potential cross-sectional categories of health promotion behaviors in patients after PCI and analyze their influencing factors,so as to provide a reference for formulating targeted interventions to improve health promotion behaviors in patients after PCI.Methods A total of 242 patients who underwent PCI surgery in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of a tertiary hospital in Sichuan Province from February to May 2024 were selected by convenience sampling method.The general information questionnaire,the health promotion lifestyle scale,the health literacy scale for patients with chronic diseases,and the perceived social support scale were used to conduct the survey.The potential profile analysis of health promotion behaviors in patients after PCI was carried out,and the influencing factors were explored by univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 230 patients after PCI completed the study.The results of potential profile analysis showed that the health promotion behaviors of patients after PCI could be divided into three potential profiles:"low health promotion-poor behavior group"(n=71,30.9%),"medium health promotion behavior group"(n=53,23.0%),and"high health promotion-positive behavior group"(n=106,46.1%).Logistic regression analysis showed that medical payment methods,the number of chronic diseases,whether they had received chronic disease-related knowledge guidance,health literacy,and social support were the influencing factors of the potential profile of health promotion behaviors of patients after PCI(all P<0.05).Conclusion The health promotion behaviors of patients after PCI have obvious categorical characteristics.Nursing staff should formulate personalized intervention strategies according to the characteristics and influencing factors of each category,improve the health literacy and comprehension of social support of patients after PCI,and then improve their health promotion behaviors.

Objective To investigate the effects of composite nanoparticles E/Ce@MCSNs loaded with epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)and cerium dioxide(CeO2)on the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla(SCAPs)and macrophage polarization under inflammatory conditions.Methods E/Ce@MCSNs were synthesized and characterized.Cell viabil-ity of SCAPs and RAW 264.7 cells treated with varying concentrations of E/Ce@MCSNs was assessed via CCK-8 assay.The antioxidant enzyme-mimetic activity of E/Ce@MCSNs was evaluated.Under simulated inflammatory conditions,intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)scavenging capacity was measured via DCFH-DA fluorescent probe.Alkaline phosphatase(ALP)staining/activity,alizarin red staining/semi-quantitative analysis,and RT-qPCR were performed to detect odonto/osteogenic differentiation markers,in-cluding dentin sialoprotein(DSPP),ALP,runt-related transcription factor 2(Runx-2),type Ⅰ collagen(COL-Ⅰ),and osteopontin(OPN)in SCAPs.The effects of E/Ce@MCSNs on the odontogenic/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs under this condition were eval-uated.RT-qPCR were used to analyze cytokine expression(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,iNOS,TGF-β,IL-10)and secreted TNF-α/IL-6 levels in RAW264.7 cells.The concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 in cell cul-ture supernatants were measured by ELISA.Results E/Ce@MCSNs exhibited excellent biocompatibility at concentrations≤100 μg/mL.They demonstrated potent ROS-scavenging activity(P＜0.05)and sig-nificantly enhanced ALP activity(P＜0.001),promoted calcium nodule formation(P＜0.001),and upregulated odonto/osteogenic gene expression(DSPP,ALP,Runx-2,COL-Ⅰ,OPN)in SCAPs under inflammatory conditions(P＜0.05).In RAW264.7 cells,E/Ce@MCSNs downregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1 β,IL-6,iNOS)(P＜0.01)and upregulated anti-inflammatory factors(TGF-β,IL-10)(P＜0.001),while reducing TNF-α and IL-6 secretion(P＜0.001).Conclusion E/Ce@MCSNs exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in apical periodontitis by scavenging excessive ROS,thereby promoting odonto/osteogenic differentiation of SCAPs.

Objective To systematically evaluate and integrate real experience and feelings of self-determination in home-based exercise rehabilitation of stroke patients.Methods We searched databases including PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Sinomed.The literature of qualitative research on self-determination experience in home-based exercise rehabilitation of stroke patients from the establishment of the database to February 2024 was retrieved.The literature was evaluated using the Australian JBI Quality Evaluation Criteria for Qualitative Research in Evidence-based Health Care Centers(2016),and the results were consolidated using an aggregative integration approach.Results A total of 23 theme were extracted,and 10 new categories were formed after induction and integration,which were finally merged into 3 integrated results,including multiple dilemmas in rehabilitation self-determination,motivation transformation during self-determination,strategies to achieve self-determination.Conclusion During the process of home-based exercise rehabilitation for stroke patients,medical personnel should pay attention to patients'determination dilemma,motivation changes and related strategies they adopt.Targeted decision-making programs should be developed for stroke patients,aiming for the scientific and precise advancement of exercise rehabilitation.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of cathepsin B(CTSB)/NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)pathway on the polarization of macrophages induced by LPS.Methods:The well-growing RAW264.7 mouse mononuclear macrophage lines were cultured in vitro and divided into 3 groups(n=6)according to the random number table method:control group(C group),LPS group(L group)and LPS+CA074-me(CTSB inhibitors)group(B group).C group was cultured normally for 24 h,L group was cultured with LPS concentration of 1 μg/ml medium for 24 h.B group was pretreated with CTSB inhibitor CA074-me 30 μmol/L for 1 h before LPS induction,and co-cultured with LPS concentration of 1 μg/ml medium for 24 h.After 24 hours,the morphological changes of the cells were observed by microscope,the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant were determined by ELISA.The ex-pressions of cathepsin B precursor(pro-CTSB),mature cathepsin B(mature-CTSB),NLRP3,apoptosis-related speck protein(ASC)and apoptosis-related speck protein-1(caspase-1)were detected by Western blot.The mRNA expression levels of CD32,inducible ni-tric oxide synthase(iNOS),arginase 1(Arg-1)and CD206 were detected by qRT-PCR.The positive expression rates of M1 macro-phage surface marker CD86 and M2 macrophage surface marker CD206 were detected by flow cytometry.Results:Compared with group C,the morphology of cells in groups L and B became larger and pseudopodia appeared.The concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in cell supernatant were increased,the expressions of pro-CTSB,mature-CTSB,NLRP3,ASC and caspase-1 were increased,and the expressions of CD32,iNOS mRNA were up-regulated and the positive rates of CD86 and CD206 were increased(P<0.01).Arg-1 and CD206 mRNA in group B were up-regulated(P<0.01).Compared with group L,the pseudopodia of group B were reduced,and the morphology was closer to group C.The concentration of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant,the expression of mature-CTSB,NLRP3,ASC and caspase-1,CD32 and iNOS mRNA and the positive rate of CD86 were down-regulated in group B.The expression of pro-CTSB,Arg-1 and CD206 mRNA and the positive rate of CD206 were increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:Inhibition of CTSB/NLRP3 pathway can reduce the inflammatory response,reduce the LPS-induced polarization of RAW264.7 cells to M1 macrophages,and pro-mote their polarization to M2 macrophages.

Objective To systematically evaluate and integrate real experience and feelings of self-determination in home-based exercise rehabilitation of stroke patients.Methods We searched databases including PubMed,Embase,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Sinomed.The literature of qualitative research on self-determination experience in home-based exercise rehabilitation of stroke patients from the establishment of the database to February 2024 was retrieved.The literature was evaluated using the Australian JBI Quality Evaluation Criteria for Qualitative Research in Evidence-based Health Care Centers(2016),and the results were consolidated using an aggregative integration approach.Results A total of 23 theme were extracted,and 10 new categories were formed after induction and integration,which were finally merged into 3 integrated results,including multiple dilemmas in rehabilitation self-determination,motivation transformation during self-determination,strategies to achieve self-determination.Conclusion During the process of home-based exercise rehabilitation for stroke patients,medical personnel should pay attention to patients'determination dilemma,motivation changes and related strategies they adopt.Targeted decision-making programs should be developed for stroke patients,aiming for the scientific and precise advancement of exercise rehabilitation.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of cathepsin B(CTSB)/NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)pathway on the polarization of macrophages induced by LPS.Methods:The well-growing RAW264.7 mouse mononuclear macrophage lines were cultured in vitro and divided into 3 groups(n=6)according to the random number table method:control group(C group),LPS group(L group)and LPS+CA074-me(CTSB inhibitors)group(B group).C group was cultured normally for 24 h,L group was cultured with LPS concentration of 1 μg/ml medium for 24 h.B group was pretreated with CTSB inhibitor CA074-me 30 μmol/L for 1 h before LPS induction,and co-cultured with LPS concentration of 1 μg/ml medium for 24 h.After 24 hours,the morphological changes of the cells were observed by microscope,the concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant were determined by ELISA.The ex-pressions of cathepsin B precursor(pro-CTSB),mature cathepsin B(mature-CTSB),NLRP3,apoptosis-related speck protein(ASC)and apoptosis-related speck protein-1(caspase-1)were detected by Western blot.The mRNA expression levels of CD32,inducible ni-tric oxide synthase(iNOS),arginase 1(Arg-1)and CD206 were detected by qRT-PCR.The positive expression rates of M1 macro-phage surface marker CD86 and M2 macrophage surface marker CD206 were detected by flow cytometry.Results:Compared with group C,the morphology of cells in groups L and B became larger and pseudopodia appeared.The concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in cell supernatant were increased,the expressions of pro-CTSB,mature-CTSB,NLRP3,ASC and caspase-1 were increased,and the expressions of CD32,iNOS mRNA were up-regulated and the positive rates of CD86 and CD206 were increased(P<0.01).Arg-1 and CD206 mRNA in group B were up-regulated(P<0.01).Compared with group L,the pseudopodia of group B were reduced,and the morphology was closer to group C.The concentration of IL-1β and IL-18 in the supernatant,the expression of mature-CTSB,NLRP3,ASC and caspase-1,CD32 and iNOS mRNA and the positive rate of CD86 were down-regulated in group B.The expression of pro-CTSB,Arg-1 and CD206 mRNA and the positive rate of CD206 were increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:Inhibition of CTSB/NLRP3 pathway can reduce the inflammatory response,reduce the LPS-induced polarization of RAW264.7 cells to M1 macrophages,and pro-mote their polarization to M2 macrophages.