The production of high-quality oocytes requires precisely orchestrated intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles that play a vital role in the transfer of bioactive molecules, which has gained much attention in the field of diagnosis and treatment. Over the past ten years, the participation of EVs in the reproductive processes of oocytes has been broadly studied and has shown great potential for elucidating the intricacies of female reproductive health. This review provides an extensive discussion of the influence of EVs on oocytes, emphasizing their involvement in normal physiology and altered cargo under pathological conditions. In addition, the positive impact of therapeutic EVs on oocyte quality and their role in alleviating ovarian pathological conditions are summarized.
Humans ; Extracellular Vesicles/physiology* ; Oocytes/cytology* ; Female ; Animals ; Cell Communication/physiology*

Objective:To analyze the acute poison epidemic and provide evidence for developing prevention and control strategies for acute poisoning.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on acute poisoning cases collected from 2016 to 2022 in a health emergency information platform for acute poisoning accidents. The cases were grouped according to the distribution of poisoning occurrence time, geographic distribution, demographic distribution, types of toxicants, poisoning causes, and outcomes. Data were organized and analyzed using Excel 2016 and R 4.2.3.Results:A total of 95 754 acute poisoning cases were included in this study. The primary toxicants were pesticides, drugs, and industrial/household chemicals, accounting for 30.4%, 22.4%, and 20.4% of the total cases, respectively. Acute poisoning occurred throughout the year, with the highest frequency from June to August, accounting for 31.9%. The seasonal distribution varied among different types of toxicants. Except for plant poisoning, which showed a bimodal distribution, the other poisonings showed an unimodal distribution. There was a strong seasonality in fungal poisoning, which peaked in July. There was an obvious seasonality in animal poisoning, with a peak in August. The proportion of biological poisonings in the southwest region was higher than in other regions, including plants, animals, and fungi. There were more females than males, and their education level was mainly junior high school and below (35.2%). The main occupation was farmers (34.2%), and the main causes of poisoning were accidents and suicides. The case fatality rate of all poisoning cases was 1.24%. Pesticide poisoning was the most common type, and chlorfenapyr (11.68%), Diquat (7.23%), and paraquat (7.05%) ranked as the top three toxicants.Conclusions:The occurrence of acute poisoning has an obvious seasonal trend, and the toxicant spectrum of different regions and populations is different. A comprehensive poisoning surveillance system can provide a better understanding of the occurrence of poisonings, and facilitate the formulation of more scientifically precise poisoning prevention and control strategies.

Objective:To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Shijiazhuang, which can reveal the origin of the outbreak and provide a scientific basis for COVID-19 prevention and control.Methods:From January 2 to January 8, 2021, a total of 404 samples from 170 COVID-19 cases were collected from the Shijiazhuang Fifth Hospital. The consensus sequence of 2019 novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV) was obtained through multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based sequencing. The sequences of 170 COVID-19 cases were analyzed by the PANGOLIN, and the data were statistically analyzed by T-test.Results:Among the 404 COVID-19 samples, a total of 356 samples obtained high quality genome sequences (>95%,100×sequencing depth). The whole genome sequences of 170 COVID-19 cases were obtained by eliminating repeated samples. All 170 sequences were recognized as lineage B1.1 using PANGOLIN. The number of single nucleotide polymorphism arrange from 18-22 and most of the single nucleotide polymorphism were synonymous variants. All of 170 genomes could be classified into 48 sub-groups and most of the genomes were classified into 2 sub-groups (66 and 31, respectively).Conclusions:All cases in this study are likely originated from one imported case. The viruses have spread in the community for a long time and have mutated during the community transmission.

Objective:To comprehensively investigate the biomechanical properties of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc and to perfect the mechanical testing system of the TMJ disc by conducting tests of compression, tension, cyclic compression, cyclic tension, creep and friction.Methods:Fifteen fresh goat heads (weighing 2.5-3.0 kg) were purchased from the market. They were all ordinary goats (9-12 months old, body weighing 18-21 kg) regardless of gender. Bilateral articular discs (a total of 30) were dissected within 30 minutes after execution. According to the national standard for mechanical testing of viscoelastic materials, fresh TMJ disc specimens of goat were prepared and tests were carried out in physiological conditions. The universal mechanical testing machine was utilized to test biomechanical properties of TMJ discs.Results:The compressive modulus of TMJ discs was (8.41±2.12) MPa and the tensile modulus was (9.54± 3.26) MPa. The mechanical characteristics would be irreversibly altered once the load exceeded the physiological range. In addition, it underwent apparent creep relaxation under continuous strain (0.5 MPa or 3.0 MPa) and the surface friction coefficient of the TMJ discs (0.015+0.011) was much lower than that of general viscoelastic materials.Conclusions:The TMJ disc was a bio-viscoelastic structure with excellent tensile and compressive properties and its surface was extremely smooth in wet conditions.

Objective:To explore the quality of life and psychological factors of patients with refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (rGERD).Methods:From September 2016 to March 2019, 159 rGERD patients visiting the Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University were retrospectively selected. According to the presence or absence of distal esophageal mucosal injury under gastroscopy, the patients were divided into refractory reflux esophagitis (RE) group (58 cases) and refractory non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) group (101 cases). The general data, the results of 24 h esophageal impedance pH, esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM) and the scores of gatroesophageal reflux disease-questionnaire (GerdQ), 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were recorded and compared between the two groups. Independent sample t test, rank sum test, chi-square test and multiple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results:There were no significant differences in gender, age, abdominal circumference or body mass index between the two groups (all P>0.05). The incidence of extraesophageal symptoms of refractory NERD group was higher than that of refractory RE group (45.5%, 46/101 vs. 24.1%, 14/58), and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=7.185, P=0.010). The episodes of gas reflux, weak-acid reflux and non-acid reflux were all more than those of refractory RE group (66.20 times, 45.20 times to 111.60 times vs. 38.40 times, 23.50 times to 59.63 times; 34.70 times, 9.05 times to 52.75 times vs. 6.35 times, 3.10 times to 24.00 times; 12.60 times, 2.15 times to 24.20 times vs. 2.15 times, 0 times to 10.30 times), GerdQ score of refractory NERD group was higher than that of refractory RE group (8.9±2.5 vs. 7.8±2.3), and DeMeester score, the symptom index and symptom association probability of refractory NERD group were all lower than those of refractory RE group (5.16, 1.75 to 14.48 vs. 15.19, 2.78 to 45.96; 33.3%, 0 to 60.0% vs. 57.5%, 40.5% to 78.0%; 87.8%, 0 to 97.8% vs. 94.0%, 82.7% to 98.2%); and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-5.548, -5.384 and -4.338, t=3.306, Z=-2.607, -4.313 and -2.468; all P<0.05). The esophageal distal contractile integral of refractory NERD group was lower than that of refractory RE group (334.0 mmHg·s·cm, 182.5 mmHg·s·cm to 492.0 mmHg·s·cm vs. 399.0 mmHg·s·cm, 216.5 mmHg·s·cm to 756.3 mmHg·s·cm, 1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.204, P=0.030). There were no significant differences in lower escophageal sphincter or the length of peristaltic interruption between the two groups (both P>0.05). There were no significant differences in physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, mental health or reported health transition of SF-36 score between refractory NERD group and refractory RE group (all P>0.05). Among 159 patients with rGERD, 98 patients (61.6%) had anxiety and 55 patients (34.6%) had depression. The SAS score of refractory NERD group was higher than that of refractory RE Group (52.6±5.8 vs. 47.0±8.8), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.794, P<0.05), however there was no significant difference in SDS score between the two groups ( P>0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that GerdQ score in rGERD patients was positively correlated with DeMeester score, gas reflux, weak acid reflux, SAS score and SDS score ( r=0.201, 0.228, 0.171, 0.229 and 0.276; all P<0.05). Conclusions:Among the patients with rGERD, the reflux symptoms are more severe in refractory NERD patients, which may be related to non-acid reflux, gas reflux, esophageal motor disorders, and psychological abnormalities, especially anxiety.

Objective:To investigate the variations of bromadiolone concentration in blood and its metabolism in rabbits after oral administration of bromadiolone, and to provide reference for the study of bromadiolone metabolism.Methods:Designed absolute alcohol (1 g/kg) reagent control group, high dose (0.3 mg/kg) and low dose group (0.05 mg/kg) , there were 6 rabbits in each group. Blood samples were collected from the rabbit central auricular artery at regular intervals as 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 72 h, 168 h, 336 h, 504 h after oral administration. The samples were centrifuged within 1 h. Prothrombin time (PT) , activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and concentrations of bromadiolone in plasma were tested. Metabolic kinetics data was analyzed by DAS 3.0.2 software.Results:Bromadiolone had no significant effect on the body weight of the experimental rabbits during the experimental period ( P>0.05) . PT and APTT were significantly abnormal in different dose groups, but for occurrence of exception, PT was earlier than APTT. The concentration of bromadiolone in plasma reached the peak value 12 h after gavage in both high-dose and low-dose groups. The absorption time of t1/2Ka in high-dose group was 4.34 h, the clearance time of t1/2 was 81.52 h, the absorption time of t1/2Ka in low-dose group was 6.90 h, and the elimination time of t1/2 was 56.38 h. The atrioventricular model of bromadidone was three compartment model in rabbits. Conclusion:Bromadiolone can be absorbed rapidly by oral administration, but its metabolism is slow. The change of bromadiolone in vivo accords with the three compartment model.

Objective:To explore the safety and therapeutic effect of programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibody combined with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant therapy for patients with stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:Thirteen patients, who had been diagnosed as stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ NSCLC and received PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment in National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital were recruited. The patients received consecutive neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 21 days as a cycle and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after two cycles.Results:At the last time of follow-up on December 2, 2019, the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) of these patients were 61.5% (95% CI 30.9%-92.1%) and 100%, respectively. The downregulation rate of disease stage was 61.5% (8/13). The resectable rate was 38.5% (5/13), among them, the major pathologic response (MPR) was 60.0% (3/5) and the complete pathologic response (CPR) was 20.0% (1/5). The neoadjuvant chemotherapy displayed a low incidence of adverse reaction. The main grade 3 to 4 toxicities were neutropenia (38.5%) and leukopenia (23.1%). There was no significant immune-related toxicity. The safety and tolerability of perioperative period of patients underwent resection were promising. Conclusions:Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment is an effective, low-toxicity treatment manner, which has perioperative safety and high rate of MPR for patients with resectable NSCLC. It is a promising treatment option for patients with stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ NSCLC.

Objective:To investigate the variations of bromadiolone concentration in blood and its metabolism in rabbits after oral administration of bromadiolone, and to provide reference for the study of bromadiolone metabolism.Methods:Designed absolute alcohol (1 g/kg) reagent control group, high dose (0.3 mg/kg) and low dose group (0.05 mg/kg) , there were 6 rabbits in each group. Blood samples were collected from the rabbit central auricular artery at regular intervals as 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 72 h, 168 h, 336 h, 504 h after oral administration. The samples were centrifuged within 1 h. Prothrombin time (PT) , activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and concentrations of bromadiolone in plasma were tested. Metabolic kinetics data was analyzed by DAS 3.0.2 software.Results:Bromadiolone had no significant effect on the body weight of the experimental rabbits during the experimental period ( P>0.05) . PT and APTT were significantly abnormal in different dose groups, but for occurrence of exception, PT was earlier than APTT. The concentration of bromadiolone in plasma reached the peak value 12 h after gavage in both high-dose and low-dose groups. The absorption time of t1/2Ka in high-dose group was 4.34 h, the clearance time of t1/2 was 81.52 h, the absorption time of t1/2Ka in low-dose group was 6.90 h, and the elimination time of t1/2 was 56.38 h. The atrioventricular model of bromadidone was three compartment model in rabbits. Conclusion:Bromadiolone can be absorbed rapidly by oral administration, but its metabolism is slow. The change of bromadiolone in vivo accords with the three compartment model.

Objective:To explore the safety and therapeutic effect of programmed death 1 (PD-1) antibody combined with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant therapy for patients with stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:Thirteen patients, who had been diagnosed as stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ NSCLC and received PD-1 inhibitor plus chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment in National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital were recruited. The patients received consecutive neoadjuvant chemotherapy for 21 days as a cycle and the therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after two cycles.Results:At the last time of follow-up on December 2, 2019, the objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) of these patients were 61.5% (95% CI 30.9%-92.1%) and 100%, respectively. The downregulation rate of disease stage was 61.5% (8/13). The resectable rate was 38.5% (5/13), among them, the major pathologic response (MPR) was 60.0% (3/5) and the complete pathologic response (CPR) was 20.0% (1/5). The neoadjuvant chemotherapy displayed a low incidence of adverse reaction. The main grade 3 to 4 toxicities were neutropenia (38.5%) and leukopenia (23.1%). There was no significant immune-related toxicity. The safety and tolerability of perioperative period of patients underwent resection were promising. Conclusions:Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant treatment is an effective, low-toxicity treatment manner, which has perioperative safety and high rate of MPR for patients with resectable NSCLC. It is a promising treatment option for patients with stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ NSCLC.

Objective To investigate the correlation between esophageal motility abnormalities and the characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux in patients with different subtypes of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (rGERD).Methods From September 2015 to May 2016,a total of 100 rGERD patients were collected,all of whom received gastroendoscopy examination,high resolution manometry (HRM) and 24 h impedance-pH monitoring.According to the results of gastroendoscopy examination,the patients were divided into refractory non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) group and refractory reflux esophagitis (RE) group.Abnormal esophageal motility and pathological gastroesophageal reflux of each group were analyzed.Chi-square test,t test and sum-rank test were performed for comparison,the correlation factors were analyzed by multivariate unconditional Logistic regression.Results Among the 100 patients with rGERD,there were 83 cases in refractory NERD group and 17 in refractory RE group.The episodes of weak acid and gas-liquid mixed reflux of refractory NERD group were both significantly higher than those of refractory RE group (80.2±56.9 vs 44.8± 13.7,56.0± 25.6 vs 25.2±16.1);and the differences were statistically significant (t=3.202 and 2.229,both P＜ 0.05).The DeMeester score,acid reflux episodes and the percentage of reflux time of refractory NERD group were all significantly lower than those of refractory RE group (24.2±8.5 vs 56.8±3.0,21.4± 11.8 vs 35.9 ± 32.6,(7.1 ± 1.6) ％ vs (16.2 ± 8.8) ％),and the differences were statistically significant (t=-2.820,-2.230 and-2.604;all P＜0.05).However,the average resting pressure of lower esophageal sphincter was higher than that of refractory RE group ((7.9±5.6) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs (4.5±2.2) mmHg),and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.443,P＜0.05).Patients with esophageal motility disorders of refractory NERD group and refractory RE group were 58 cases (69.9 ％) and 12 cases (12/17),respectively,and the difference was not significant (P＞0.05).Compared with refractory RE group,the ratio of intermittent contraction was higher (1/17 vs 26.5％,22/83) and the peristaltic contraction disorder was lower in refractory NERD group (11/17 vs 43.4％,36/83);and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =3.389 and 2.587,both P ＜ 0.05).The results of multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that intermittent contraction and gas reflux were risk factors of the incidence of pathological weak acid reflux (odd ratio (OR) =3.139 and 1.254,both P＜0.05),while body mass index and gas-liquid mixed reflux were the risk factors of the occurrence of pathological acid reflux (OR =1.302 and 1.026,both P＜ 0.05),whereas the distal contractile integral was a protective factor (OR=0.998,P＜0.05).Conclusion Esophageal dysmotility is common in patients with rGERD,and the dysmotility disorders are different in patients with different subtypes,which may be related to the different reflux characteristics.