BACKGROUND: Primary pulmonary mucoepidermoid carcinoma (PMEC) is an exceedingly rare malignancy originating from bronchial submucosal glands, accounting for <0.2% of lung cancers. Histologically characterized by a triphasic composition of mucinous, epidermoid, and intermediate cells, PMEC is classified into low-grade (favorable prognosis) and high-grade (aggressive behavior) subtypes. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and prognostic indicators of PMEC. METHODS: Clinicopathological, radiological, molecular, and survival data from 26 PMEC patients were retrospectively analyzed, including immunohistochemical profiles and MAML2 rearrangement status, supplemented by literature review. RESULTS: The cohort comprised 14 males and 12 females (mean age: 55.6 years). Eight patients (30.8%) were smokers, and 19 (73.1%) presented with symptoms. Central tumors predominated (n=19, 73.1%) versus peripheral lesions (n=7, 26.9%). Computed tomography (CT) imaging consistently revealed hypo-to-isodense masses/nodules. Pathologically, 19 cases were low-grade and 7 high-grade. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CK7, P40, P63 and CK5/6, and the Ki-67 index ranged from 2% to 70%. MAML2 rearrangement was detected in 52.4% (11/21) of tested cases. Clinical staging distribution: stage I (n=14), stage II (n=8), stage III (n=3), stage IV (n=1). Treatment modalities: radical surgery alone (n=13), surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy (n=11), chemoradiotherapy (n=1), and conservative management (n=1). With a median follow-up of 57 months, 6 patients (23.1%) died. Prognostic analysis demonstrated: (1) Significantly inferior survival in high-grade versus low-grade groups (P<0.05); (2) Lymph node metastasis, advanced stage, Ki-67>20%, and high-grade histology significantly correlated with reduced overall survival (P<0.05); (3) Lymph node metastasis constituted an independent poor prognostic factor (HR=12.73, 95%CI: 1.22-132.96). CONCLUSIONS PMEC exhibits distinct clinicopathological features, with MAML2 rearrangement present in approximately half of cases. Lymph node metastasis, advanced stage, high Ki-67 proliferation index, and high-grade histology are key determinants of poor prognosis, with lymph node metastasis serving as an independent risk factor.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/mortality* ; Lung Neoplasms/mortality* ; Trans-Activators/genetics* ; Prognosis ; Adult ; Gene Rearrangement ; Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Transcription Factors/genetics* ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics*

Objective To evaluate the microbial contamination levels of 10 kinds of Chinese herbal pieces,and explore the diversity of fungi and heat-resistant bacteria.Methods The total aerobic microbial count(TAMC),total yeast and mould count(TYMC),total heat-resistant microbial count(THRC)and 3 types control bacteria were detected according to the microbial limit inspection method of Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020.Besides,the community characteristics of contaminated fungi and heat-resistant bacteria on prepared slices were analysed based on internal transcribed spacer(ITS)and 16S ribosomal DNA(16SrDNA)high-throughput sequencing method.Results The TAMC of 28％(14/50)samples exceeded 106 cfu/g,the TYMC of 20％(10/50)samples exceeded 104 cfu/g,the THRC of 68％(34/50)samples were higher than 10 cfu/g,and the bile-tolerant gram-negitive bacteria were detected in 40％(20/50)of the samples.Escherichia coli were found in 2 batches of the Pogostemon cablin,but Salmonella was not found in any sample.High throughput sequencing results showed that the fungi contaminated distributed in 12 phylums,777 genera and 1 467 species;the heat-resistant bacteria were mainly distributed in 5 phylums,57 genera and 74 species.The decoction pieces contained Aspergillus flavus and heat-resistant pathogens such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,Staphylococcus lentus,and Staphylococcus warneri.Conclusion The 10 kinds of decoction pieces are generally contaminated by microorganisms,and some of them contain toxic fungi and pathogenic heat-resistant bacteria,which poses a potential risk of microbial pathogenicity for patients.

Objective:To explore the clinicopathological characteristics, immunophenotype, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC), and to explore the all-exon mutations, microsatellite stability and tumor mutational burden (TMB) in MTSCC cases.Methods:The data of 5 patients with MTSCC that were submitted to the Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, China from January 2008 to May 2020, were reviewed and analyzed. The whole exome sequencing (WES) was conducted in all patients, while 3 of them were subject to the analyses of microsatellite stability and TMB.Results:Among the 5 patients, 3 were males and 2 were females. They were 37-76 years old. The maximum diameter of the tumor was 3.5-6.0 cm. The borders of the tumors were well defined. Microscopically, MTSCC was characterized by tubular structure, spindle cell and mucinous stroma, and the nuclear grade of tumor cells was overall low. The average follow-up was 15 months, and no recurrence or metastasis was found. Immunohistochemistry showed that all 5 cases were positive for broad-spectrum cytokeratin (CKpan), cytokeratin (CK)7, CK19, vimentin, PAX8, and P504s (varying expression levels), and the Ki-67 positive index was low. The WES of 5 cases showed that NF2 and PTPN14 exhibited higher mutation rates, which were 3/5 and 2/5, respectively. The microsatellite stability analysis indicated that the 3 cases were all microsatellite stable, and the TMB analysis showed that the TMB of the 3 cases were all <9 mut/Mb.Conclusions:MTSCC is a unique, low-grade pleomorphic kidney tumor. The WES analyses suggest that NF2 and PTPN14 have a higher mutation rate, indicating that the occurrence and development of MTSCC may be closely related to the Hippo pathway. The analysis of microsatellite stability indicates that there is no significant relationship between microsatellite stability and MTSCC, and the TMB analysis suggests that MTSCC patients may not benefit from immunotherapy.

Objective: To understand the consistency of ALK Ventana-D5F3 immunohistochemistry (IHC) interpretation in Chinese lung adenocarcinoma among histopathologists from different hospitals, and to recommend solution for the problems found during the interpretation of ALK IHC in real world, with the aim of the precise selection of patients who can benefit from ALK targeted therapy. Methods: This was a multicenter and retrospective study. A total of 109 lung adenocarcinoma cases with ALK Ventana-D5F3 IHC staining were collected from 31 lung cancer centers in RATICAL research group from January to June in 2018. All cases were scanned into digital imaging with Ventana iSCANcoreo Digital Slide Scanning System and scored by 31 histopathologists from different centers according to ALK binary (positive or negative) interpretation based on its manufacturer′s protocol. The cases with high inconsistency rate were further analyzed using FISH/RT-PCR/NGS. Results: There were 49 ALK positive cases and 60 ALK negative cases, confirmed by re-evaluation by the specialist panel. Two cases (No. 2302 and No.2701) scored as positive by local hospitals were rescored as negative, and were confirmed to be negative by RT-PCR/FISH/NGS. The false interpretation rate of these two cases was 58.1% (18/31) and 48.4% (15/31), respectively. Six out of 31 (19.4%) pathologists got 100% accuracy. The minimum consistency between every two pathologists was 75.8%.At least one pathologist gave negative judgement (false negative) or positive judgement (false positive) in the 49 positive or 60 negative cases, accounted for 26.5% (13/49), 41.7% (25/60), respectively, with at least one uncertainty interpretation accounted for 31.2% (34/109). Conclusion There are certain heterogeneities and misclassifications in the real world interpretation of ALK-D5F3 IHC test, which need to be guided by the oncoming expert consensus based on the real world data.

Objective To investigate the state of chronic low-grade inflammation in healthy elderly adults and its related factors.Methods A total of 762 healthy people aged 30-99 years were retrospectively analyzed and assigned into 2 groups:the young group(30-59 years old,n=272)and the elderly group(60-99 years old,n=490).Patients in the elder group were subgrouped into 2 groups:the 60 to 79-year-old group(n=288)and the 80 to 99-year-old group(n=202).The differences in levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNFa) and hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were compared between groups.Correlations of TNFα or hsCRP levels with age,body mass index(BMI)and metabolic indexes were analyzed.Results The levels of TNFα and hsCRP were higher in elderly male group than in the young male group[(16.03±2.32) ×1015 mol/L vs.(15.28±2.63) × 10-15 mol/L,(1.30±1.01mg/L) vs.(0.79±0.61) mg/L,P=0.019 and 0.048],while there was no obvious difference between the 60 to 79-year-old male group and the 80 to 99-year-old male group(P =0.957 and 0.937).TNFα and hsCRP levels were higher in the elderly female group than in the young female group[(15.76 ±2.66) × 10-15 mol/L vs.(14.43 ± 3.18) × 1015 mol/L,(1.30 ± 0.81) mg/L vs.(0.75 ± 0.74) mg/L,P =0.006 and 0.001],and no difference were observed between the 60 to 79-year-old female group and the 80 to 99-year-old female group(P=0.282 and 0.389).Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis showed that TNFα level was positively associated with age,total protein,albumin,totalcholesterol,glomerular filtration rate,uric acid (P ＜ 0.05) in man and positively associated with age,triacylglycerol and fasting blood glucose in woman,while hsCRP level was positively associated with age,body mass index,total-cholesterol and negatively associated with total bilirubin,direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin(P ＜0.05)in man and was positively associated with age,alkaline phosphatase,triacylglycerol and fasting blood glucose and negatively associated with GFR(P ＜0.05)in woman.Conclusions Healthy elderly people are often in a state of chronic low-grade inflammation,which is closely related to several metabolic parameters.

Objective To explore the cause and effective management and prevention of septic shock after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) in the elderly.Methods Clinical data of 13 patients with septic shock after MPCNL in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed,and the cause,prevention and treatment of septic shock were investigated.Results The incidence of septic shock in patients undergoing MPCNL was 3.54％ in this study.Single-factor analysis and logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for post-MPCNL septic shock were female and the history of diabetes (both P＜0.05).Conclusions Septic shock is a serious complication after MPCNL.Intensive perioperative prevention measures can reduce the incidence of septic shock.Early diagnosis and proper treatment are the keys to successful treatment of septic shock.

Objective To compare the rates of successful intubation between light-stylet and adjustable McCoy laryngoscope for the management of difficult airway with active oral bleeding. Method Thirty casualties traumatized with active oral bleeding were enrolled after failure of endotracheal intubation tried twice by an attending doctor with Macintosh laryngoscope. The patients were randomly( random number) divided into light-stylet (LS)group and McCoy laryngoscope(MC) group ( n = 15 in each group). The rate of successful intubation and the time consumed for intubation were recorded. Results The rate of successful intubation at the first attempt and the total rate of successful intubation in LS group were higher than those in MC group (14/15 vs. 6/15, P =0.005, 15/15 vs. 9/15, P =0.017, respectively). The time consumed for intubation was less in LS group than that in MC group (24 seconds in average,ranged from 23 ～ 34 seconds vs 48 seconds in average, ranged from 31 ～ 119 seconds, P =0.011). Conclusions The light-stylet is a novel tool for intubation in casualties with difficult airway and active oral bleeding with high success rate.

Objective To evaluate the value of Compas technique( computed optimun method for profile angle of singht,Compas) in displaying intracranial aneurysms. Methods DSA images of 31 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage diagnosed by CT were studied. The DSA images in routine A-P and Lateral projections were compared with the images obtained by Compas technique in the same equipment. Results 23 of 31 were diagnosed as intracranial aneurysms by Compas and confirmed by operation, while only 5 were diagnosed definitely with routine A-P & Lateral projections. The other 18 studies were discovered as blurred margin of the artery but indefinite for the diagnosis of aneurysms. There is a statistical difference between the two methods. ?~2=14.93,P