BACKGROUND:The capability of repairing articular cartilage damage is very limited,and tissue engineering technology provides new therapeutic options for repairing damaged cartilage,in which the interaction and induction between chondrocytes,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,and synovial mesenchymal stem cells is the basis of autologous healing of cartilage damage. OBJECTIVE:To construct the chondrocyte-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-synovial mesenchymal stem cell co-culture system to simulate the in vitro microenvironment of chondrocytes,and to explore the optimal cell inoculation ratio,meanwhile to observe the effects of icariin-containing serum on the proliferation of chondrocytes and the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells in the system. METHODS:Rat knee chondrocytes,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and synovial mesenchymal stem cells were extracted,cultured and identified,and a chondrocyte-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-synovial mesenchymal stem cell non-contact co-culture system was constructed according to different cell inoculation ratios.After 72 hours of co-culturing,the chondrocyte proliferative activity and phenotypic ability were observed,and the co-culture system with the best overall effect was selected.New Zealand white rabbits were gavaged with icariin solution(0.25 mg/mL)to prepare icariin-containing serum,and cultured in conventional complete medium(high sugar DMEM culture medium containing 10%fetal bovine serum and 1%double antibody by volume)as the control group,while the experimental group was intervened by adding 10%icariin-containing serum by volume on the basis of above.The proliferative activity of chondrocytes and the expression of collagen type II were tested for the two groups after 24 and 48 hours.The differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and synovial mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes in the co-culture system was tested by immunofluorescence staining after 14 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The three kinds of cells grew normally adherently to the wall in different ratios of co-culture,where chondrocytes showed the best proliferative activity and phenotypic ability in the co-culture system when chondrocytes:bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells:synovial mesenchymal stem cells=2:1:1.(2)Compared with the control group,the proliferative activity and type II collagen expression of chondrocytes in the experimental group were significantly increased after 24 hours(P<0.01),and the two groups still had difference after 48 hours(P<0.05).The two groups showed obvious chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and synovial mesenchymal stem cells after 14 days(P<0.01),and some of the cells appeared round or oval,and the cytoplasmic type II collagen immunofluorescence staining was positive.The fluorescence intensity of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.01).(3)The results showed that the chondrocyte-bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-synovial mesenchymal stem cell co-culture system could be successfully established by the non-contact co-culture method,and the best chondrocyte proliferative activity and phenotypic ability could be obtained when the cell ratio was 2:1:1.Icariin-containing serum had the promoting effect on chondrocyte proliferation,and chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and synovial mesenchymal stem cells in the system.

BACKGROUND:Kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome are common traditional Chinese medicine syndromes observed in knee osteoarthritis,which serve as fundamental pathogenesis factors.There exists a significant connection between the two.Previous studies have demonstrated that kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome effectively contribute to knee joint cartilage degeneration and the progression of knee osteoarthritis.However,the mechanisms underlying the promotion of knee joint cartilage damage remain unclear and require further investigation. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the influence of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome on the progression of knee osteoarthritis in Sprague-Dawley rats. METHODS:Sixteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:a model observation group and a control group,with eight rats in each group.Animal models of kidney deficiency were induced by ovary removal in the model observation group,while the control group was given a sham procedure for ovarian removal.Two months after modeling,both groups underwent modified HULTH surgery to induce knee osteoarthritis.One week after modified HULTH surgery,the model observation group was subcutaneously given adrenaline hydrochloride to make blood stasis models,while the control group was subcutaneously given normal saline.At the 5th week after modified HULTH surgery,blood rheology,coagulation parameters,triiodothyronine,tetraiodothyronine,and estradiol levels were measured.Knee joint X-ray images were taken,and knee joint sections were stained with safranin O-fast green,hematoxylin-eosin,and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group,the model observation group exhibited significant increases in whole blood viscosity at low,medium,and high shear rates,as well as increased plasma viscosity.Fibronectin levels in the coagulation parameters were significantly increased,while prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time were significantly decreased.Triiodothyronine,tetraiodothyronine,and estradiol levels were all significantly decreased.Radiographic results showed that the model observation group exhibited more severe degree of knee joint space narrowing and surface roughness,with the appearance of high-density shadows.Hematoxylin-eosin and safranin O-fast green staining demonstrated more severe cartilage damage in the model observation group,with significantly higher OARSI and Mankin scores compared with the control group.Compared with the control group,immunohistochemistry results showed a significant reduction in the expression of extracellular matrix type II collagen and aggrecan protein in the cartilage of the model observation group rats.Moreover,there was a significant increase in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 and aggrecanase 5,which are inflammatory factors.These results indicate that the Sprague-Dawley rat model of knee osteoarthritis with kidney deficiency and blood stasis was successfully established.Kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome further aggravate cartilage extracellular matrix degradation and cartilage degeneration by promoting the expression of inflammatory factors,thereby promoting the progression of knee osteoarthritis in rats.

OBJECTIVE To explore the lipid-regulating mechanism of the classic prescription Zexie Decoction on hyperlipidemia model mice.METHODS ELISA method was used to detect the four blood lipid indexes,liver function indicators and cholesterol acyltransferase levels in serum.HE and Oil Red O staining were used to determine the pathology of liver tissue.Network pharmacology was used to predict the lipid-lowering related targets of Zexie Decoction,and the GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of the intersection targets were realized.PCR chip technology was used to detect the target genes for network pharmacology screening,and qPCR and Western blot were used to detect gene and protein expression levels.RESULTS Zexie Decoction significantly regula-ted the four blood lipid indexes in hyperlipidemia model mice,improved the increase in liver damage indicators caused by high lipids,and had a reverse regulatory effect on the key enzymes HMGR and CYP7A1 of lipid metabolism and the lipid transporters ABCA1 and Apo-A1 in liver tissue.HE and Oil Red O staining showed that Zexie Decoction improved the pathological morphology of liver tissue,reduced lipid deposition in liver tissue,and significantly decreased the positive area ratio(P<0.01).The PCR chip obtained 44 re-verse-regulated genes,GO functional enrichment analysis obtained 266 entries,and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis screened 99 signaling pathways.The results of qPCR and Western blot showed that Zexie Decoction significantly downregulated the expression of PIK3CG,AKT1,and IL-6 genes(P<0.05,P<0.01),upregulated the expression of ABCG1 gene(P<0.05),downregulated PI3Kinase p110β,p-AKT(Ser473)and SREBP-1c protein expression levels(P<0.01),and reversely regulated miR21-5p(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Zexie Decoction has a significant regulatory effect on lipid metabolism in hyperlipidemia model mice and can improve liver damage caused by hyperlipidemia.Its lipid-regulating effect may be related to regulating cholesterol metabolism and transport in the body,and is closely linked to the miR21/PI3K-Akt/SREBP pathway.The lipid-regulating effect of the whole formula of Zexie Decoction is better than that of a single herb.

Pancreatic cancer is a highly malignant tumor in the digestive system, and radical surgery is the only possible means to cure pancreatic cancer at present. In the past decade, pancreatic surgery has been developing rapidly, with various new technologies and concepts emerging, among which the use of minimally invasive techniques and the popularization of neoadjuvant therapy concepts are the most notable. At the same time, the surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer still has a long way to go, and many problems need to be solved urgently. This article introduces the surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer in the 2024 edition of the NCCN guidelines, focusing on minimally invasive and open surgical treatments, expanded lymph node dissection, combined vascular resection and reconstruction, surgical treatment of pancreatic neck cancer and neoadjuvant therapy, and briefly discussing the unresolved issues.

OBJECTIVE To identify the chemical constituents of the modified Yupingfengsan formula. METHODS UPLC-Q- Exactive Orbitrap-MS technology was adopted. The separation was performed on Waters BEH C18 column with acetonitrile （A）-0.1% formic acid solution （B） as mobile phase for gradient elution. The heating electrospray ionization was used for positive and negative ion mode scanning. The scanning range was m/z 50-1 500， and the spray voltage was 2 kV （positive ion mode） and 1.5 kV （negative ion mode）. The information of chemical constituents of modified Yupingfengsan formula was collected through literature review to establish a database； the structure of the constituent was identified based on the above database， relevant literature， and chromatography and mass spectrometry information of reference standards. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Totally 114 chemical constituents were identified from modified Yupingfengsan formula， including 31 flavonoids， 39 phenylpropanoids， 5 saponins， 8 terpenoids， 3 chromones， 3 curcuminoids， etc. Based on the comparison of reference standards， 8 constituents were ultimately determined， including magnoflorine， calycosin， calycosin glycoside， cimifugin， 5-O-methylvisammioside， sec-O- glucosylhamaudol， luteolin and mangiferin. These constituents mainly involved glycosylation cleavage， retro Diels-Alder fragmentation， glycosylation loss， neutral molecule loss and other fragmentation pathways.

AIM:To summarize the clinical features and prognostic factors of patients with open ocular trauma in northwest China, and to explore the application of ocular trauma score(OTS)in open ocular trauma.METHODS:The clinical data of 91 patients(91 eyes)with open ocular trauma admitted to Xijing Hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation analysis of visual acuity prognosis was carried out by age, treatment time, initial visual acuity, trauma zone and other factors, and the relationship between different OTS and prognostic visual acuity was discussed.RESULTS:Univariate analysis showed that age(0-20 years), treatment time(<24 h), initial visual acuity, trauma zone, trauma type(penetrating injury), anterior chamber hematoma, vitreous hematoma were correlated with prognostic visual acuity(all P<0.1); multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that initial visual acuity and treatment time(<24 h)were risk factors(both P<0.05). There was a significant correlation between different OTS and prognostic visual acuity(rs=0.639,P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Patients with open ocular trauma should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible. The main factors influencing the visual prognosis are age, treatment time, initial visual acuity, trauma zone, trauma type, anterior chamber hematoma and vitreous hematoma. OTS has good application value in visual acuity evaluation of open ocular trauma prognosis.

Malignant tumors represent a significant health challenge, critically impacting human well-being. Malignant tumors have become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to statistics from the World Health Organization, nearly one-sixth of global deaths in 2020 were caused by malignant tumors. The burden of malignant tumors in our country is also increasing. In recent years, with population aging and changes in lifestyle, the incidence and mortality rates of malignant tumors in China have been steadily rising, malignant tumors have gradually become one of the main causes of death in China. Developing effective diagnostic and treatment methods is of great significance in reducing the burden of malignant tumors in our country. Historically, the focus has been on leveraging the biochemical cues of tumors for both diagnosis and treatment. While valuable, this strategy does not recapitulate the full complexity of tumor diagnosis and management. Recently, the integration of biomechanics and mechanobiology with oncology has highlighted the importance of mechanical cues, which have emerged as new hallmarks of tumors, regulating tumor initiation and development are expected to open potential novel routes for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Despite the advances, a thorough literature review suggests a pronounced gap in our understanding of the mechanical properties of tumors. The clinical community has not yet completely recognized the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of the mechanical cues of tumors. To bridge this knowledge gap, we propose and introduce the paradigm of "Tumor Mechanomedicine". We provide a comprehensive overview of the multi-scale mechanical characteristics of tumors, exploring their influence on tumor biology, from the aspects of tumor biomechanics, tumor mechanobiology, tumor mechanodiagnostics, and tumor mechanotherapeutics. By elucidating the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these mechanical cues, we aim to furnish the oncology community with fresh insights, paving the way for innovative solutions to persistent clinical conundrums.

Malignant tumors represent a significant health challenge, critically impacting human well-being. Malignant tumors have become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to statistics from the World Health Organization, nearly one-sixth of global deaths in 2020 were caused by malignant tumors. The burden of malignant tumors in our country is also increasing. In recent years, with population aging and changes in lifestyle, the incidence and mortality rates of malignant tumors in China have been steadily rising, malignant tumors have gradually become one of the main causes of death in China. Developing effective diagnostic and treatment methods is of great significance in reducing the burden of malignant tumors in our country. Historically, the focus has been on leveraging the biochemical cues of tumors for both diagnosis and treatment. While valuable, this strategy does not recapitulate the full complexity of tumor diagnosis and management. Recently, the integration of biomechanics and mechanobiology with oncology has highlighted the importance of mechanical cues, which have emerged as new hallmarks of tumors, regulating tumor initiation and development are expected to open potential novel routes for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Despite the advances, a thorough literature review suggests a pronounced gap in our understanding of the mechanical properties of tumors. The clinical community has not yet completely recognized the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of the mechanical cues of tumors. To bridge this knowledge gap, we propose and introduce the paradigm of "Tumor Mechanomedicine". We provide a comprehensive overview of the multi-scale mechanical characteristics of tumors, exploring their influence on tumor biology, from the aspects of tumor biomechanics, tumor mechanobiology, tumor mechanodiagnostics, and tumor mechanotherapeutics. By elucidating the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these mechanical cues, we aim to furnish the oncology community with fresh insights, paving the way for innovative solutions to persistent clinical conundrums.

Malignant tumors represent a significant health challenge, critically impacting human well-being. Malignant tumors have become one of the leading causes of death worldwide. According to statistics from the World Health Organization, nearly one-sixth of global deaths in 2020 were caused by malignant tumors. The burden of malignant tumors in our country is also increasing. In recent years, with population aging and changes in lifestyle, the incidence and mortality rates of malignant tumors in China have been steadily rising, malignant tumors have gradually become one of the main causes of death in China. Developing effective diagnostic and treatment methods is of great significance in reducing the burden of malignant tumors in our country. Historically, the focus has been on leveraging the biochemical cues of tumors for both diagnosis and treatment. While valuable, this strategy does not recapitulate the full complexity of tumor diagnosis and management. Recently, the integration of biomechanics and mechanobiology with oncology has highlighted the importance of mechanical cues, which have emerged as new hallmarks of tumors, regulating tumor initiation and development are expected to open potential novel routes for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Despite the advances, a thorough literature review suggests a pronounced gap in our understanding of the mechanical properties of tumors. The clinical community has not yet completely recognized the diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of the mechanical cues of tumors. To bridge this knowledge gap, we propose and introduce the paradigm of "Tumor Mechanomedicine". We provide a comprehensive overview of the multi-scale mechanical characteristics of tumors, exploring their influence on tumor biology, from the aspects of tumor biomechanics, tumor mechanobiology, tumor mechanodiagnostics, and tumor mechanotherapeutics. By elucidating the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of these mechanical cues, we aim to furnish the oncology community with fresh insights, paving the way for innovative solutions to persistent clinical conundrums.