Peganum harmala L. (P. harmala) is a significant economic and medicinal plant. The seeds of P. harmala have been extensively utilized in traditional Chinese medicine, Uighur medicine, and Mongolian medicine, as documented in the Drug Standard of the Ministry of Health of China. Twelve novel tryptamine-derived alkaloids (1-12) and eight known compounds (13-20) were isolated from P. harmala seeds. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the first reported instances of tryptamine-derived heteromers, comprising tryptamine and aniline fragments with previously undocumented C-3-N-1' linkage and C-3-C-4' connection, respectively. Compounds 3-5 were identified as indole-quinazoline heteromers, exhibiting a novel C-3 and NH-1' linkage between indole and quinazoline-derived fragments. Compound 6 demonstrates the dimerization pattern of C-C linked tryptamine-quinazoline dimer. Compound 8 represents a tryptamine-derived heterodimer with a distinctive carbon skeleton, featuring an unusual spiro-tricyclic ring (7) and conventional bicyclic tryptamine. Compounds 9-11 constitute novel 6/5/5/5 spiro-tetracyclic tryptamine-derived alkaloids presenting a unique ring system of tryptamine-spiro-pyrrolizine. Compounds 1-3 and 6-11 were identified as racemates. Compounds 2, 7, 9, 10, and 12 were confirmed via X-ray crystallographic analysis. All isolated compounds (1-20) exhibited varying degrees of antiviral efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Notably, the anti-RSV activity of compound 12 (IC₅₀ 5.01 ± 0.14 μmol·L^-1) surpassed that of the positive control (ribavirin, IC₅₀ 6.23 ± 0.95 μmol·L^-1), as validated through plaque reduction and immunofluorescence assays. The identification of anti-RSV compounds from P. harmala seeds may enhance the development and application of this plant in antiviral therapeutic products.
Antiviral Agents/isolation & purification* ; Tryptamines/isolation & purification* ; Peganum/chemistry* ; Seeds/chemistry* ; Alkaloids/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Humans ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses/drug effects* ; Plant Extracts/pharmacology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*

Objective:To analyze the 99 Tcm-methylene diphosphonate single photon emission computed tomography/spiral computed tomography (SPECT/CT)fusion imaging of bone metastases in patients with lung cancer and to evaluate the value of SPECT/CT in differentiating metastases from benign bone lesions.Methods:A total of 113 patients with bone metastases from lung cancer confirmed by pathology underwent bone scintigraphy and SPECT/CT imaging.Metastatic bone sites,quantity,up-take of radiotracer,and CT manifestations of each lesion were analyzed via bone scintigraphy imaging and SPECT/CT fusion imaging.Results:A total of 482 lesions from 113 patients were analyzed in this study.Among them,429 lesions were metasta-ses.Metastatic sites included spine(50.6%),thorax (29.1% ),pelvis (17.0%),extremities (2.1%),and skull(2.1%).CT manifestations were osteoblastic (41.0%),osteolytic (50.3%),mixed (4.0%),and normal (4.7%).Among these lesions, the proportion of hot spots displayed on SPECT/CT pictures was 90.7%(389/429),and the proportion of lesions with normal uptake of radiotracer was 9.3%(40/429).There were 53 benign lesions in 23 patients with bone metastasis.Conclusions:The most frequent metastatic sites in patients with lung cancer are spine and thorax.Bone metastasis from squamous carcinoma is more com-mon than from other types of lung cancer.The common CT manifestations are osteoblastic.The sensitivity and specificity of SPECT/CT fusion images for the diagnosis of bone metastatic lesions of lung cancer are high.