Alzheimer's disease(AD), a neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging, is the most prevalent form of dementia.As the aging population continues to expand, AD presents significant health and caregiving challenges for families and society, making it a pressing international public health concern.In recent years, numerous countries have implemented dementia prevention and treatment strategies that emphasize community-based comprehensive approaches.Currently, the community-based AD prevention and treatment model in China is still in the exploratory phase, with community efforts lacking organization.In alignment with China's action plan for advancing dementia prevention and treatment, and to achieve the strategic objective of "healthy aging, " this consensus is based on the principle of three-level prevention and is tailored to the characteristics of AD disease progression.It aims to develop a comprehensive prevention and treatment strategy for AD that is suitable for communities in China, providing technical guidance and support to establish a scientific basis for formulating community AD prevention and treatment models.

Alzheimer's disease(AD), a neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging, is the most prevalent form of dementia.As the aging population continues to expand, AD presents significant health and caregiving challenges for families and society, making it a pressing international public health concern.In recent years, numerous countries have implemented dementia prevention and treatment strategies that emphasize community-based comprehensive approaches.Currently, the community-based AD prevention and treatment model in China is still in the exploratory phase, with community efforts lacking organization.In alignment with China's action plan for advancing dementia prevention and treatment, and to achieve the strategic objective of "healthy aging, " this consensus is based on the principle of three-level prevention and is tailored to the characteristics of AD disease progression.It aims to develop a comprehensive prevention and treatment strategy for AD that is suitable for communities in China, providing technical guidance and support to establish a scientific basis for formulating community AD prevention and treatment models.

Objective: To investigate the resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid and the changing trends among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Luohu District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province from 2012 to 2022, so as to provide insights into improving drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis control and prevention strategies. Methods: Basic information, treatment classification and drug resistance data of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and positive pathogenic detection in Luohu District from 2012 to 2022 were collected through the Tuberculosis Surveillance System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and resistance rates of rifampicin and isoniazid and the changing trends were analyzed. Results: A total of 2 126 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were collected and had a median age of 34 (interquartile range, 25) years, including 1 334 males (62.75%) and 792 females (37.25%). There were 302 patients with drug-resistance in Luohu District from 2012 to 2022, with a resistance rate of 14.21%. Among them, 60 patients were monoresistant to rifampicin (2.82%), 113 patients were monoresistant to isoniazid (5.32%), and 129 patients were multidrug resistant (6.07%). The rate of rifampicin monoresistance showed a downward trend from 2012 to 2022, while the rate of multidrug resistance showed an upward trend (both P<0.05). There was no significant tendency in the rate of isoniazid monoresistance (P>0.05). The rate of multidrug resistance among patients without Shenzhen residence was higher than that among patients with Shenzhen residence; the rates of rifampicin resistance and multidrug resistance among retreated patients were higher than those among treatment-naïve patients (all P<0.05). Conclusions The rate of rifampicin monoresistance appeared a downward trend and the rate of multidrug resistance appeared an upward trend among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Luohu District from 2012 to 2022. Attention should be given to non-Shenzhen residence and retreated patients.

Pheretima,also called"earthworms",is a well-known animal-derived traditional Chinese medicine that is extensively used in over 50 Chinese patent medicines(CPMs)in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edi-tion).However,its zoological origin is unclear,both in the herbal market and CPMs.In this study,a strategy for integrating in-house annotated protein databases constructed from close evolutionary relationship-sourced RNA sequencing data from public archival resources and various sequencing al-gorithms(restricted search,open search,and de novo)was developed to characterize the phenotype of natural peptides of three major commercial species of Pheretima,including Pheretima aspergillum(PA),Pheretima vulgaris(PV),and Metaphire magna(MM).We identified 10,477 natural peptides in the PA,7,451 in PV,and 5,896 in MM samples.Five specific signature peptides were screened and then validated using synthetic peptides;these demonstrated robust specificity for the authentication of PA,PV,and MM.Finally,all marker peptides were successfully applied to identify the zoological origins of Brain Heart capsules and Xiaohuoluo pills,revealing the inconsistent Pheretima species used in these CPMs.In conclusion,our integrated strategy could be used for the in-depth characterization of natural peptides of other animal-derived traditional Chinese medicines,especially non-model species with poorly annotated protein databases.

【Objective】 To establish an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for the determination of residual human coagulation factor Ⅺ in human prothrombin complex and validate the method. 【Methods】 Human factor Ⅺ was reacted with the capture antibody coated on the microtiter plate. After appropriate washing steps, biotinylated primary antibody was bound to the captured protein. Excess primary antibody was washed away and bound antibody was reacted with horseradish peroxidase conjugated streptavidin. TMB substrate was used for color development at 450 nm. The dilution reliability, accuracy, specificity, repeatability, intermediate precision, linearity, range and durability were verified. 【Results】 The verification results showed that the accuracy and specificity of this method met the experimental requirements, with an average recovery rate of 109.2% and RSD of 6.93%. The repeatability RSD was 6.78%, and the intermediate precision RSD was 6.75%, indicating good precision. The linear regression correlation coefficient of standard curve was 0.999 9, showing good accuracy and precision within the linear range. The durability was verified by the incubation time and the validity period of reagent kit opening. The results showed that the RSD of the incubation time change was 6.62%, indicating that the incubation time of this detection method was controlled between 28 to 32 minutes, and there was no significant impact on the results. The RSD of the detection results before and after the reagent kit was opened and stored under conditions for 7 days was 3.84%, indicating that the preservation of the reagent kit according to the conditions for 7 days after opening has no effect on the FⅪ detection results. Both indicated that the method had good durability. The dilution reliability results showed that there was a "hook" effect in the detection of FⅪ residue in human prothrombin complex, which could be solved by diluting 100 to 200 times. 【Conclusion】 This method can be used for the determination of FⅪ residues of human prothrombin complex in laboratory.

Nucleic acid testing is the gold standard for diagnosing HCV infection, and it is of great significance to guide the treatment of HCV patients and change the follow-up strategy. In recent years, its detection technology has become increasingly mature. This article summarizes the necessity and current status of nucleic acid testing for hepatitis C through the analysis of domestic and foreign literature, in order to provide reference for the formulation of relevant policies to eliminate hepatitis C in China.

OBJECTIVE To invest igate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria and the antibiotic susceptibility of otitis media in plateau areaandto guide clinical drug application rationally. METHODS Middle ear secretions were collected from 218 inpatients and outpatients(220 ears) with otitis media in our department from December 2016 to January 2018 and were performed by isolation and identification of pathogenic bacteriaand drug sensitivity test. RESULTS 1. 152 strains of microbes were isolatedincluding 125 casesof bacterial infection and 8 cases of fungal infection. 2. The gram-positive bacteria in middle ear effusions of chronic suppurative otitis media was higher than those of cholesteatoma, of which Staphylococcus aureuswas the most frequently isolated pathogen. While Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the highest in cholesteatoma. 3. The antibiotic sensitivity of pathogenic bacteria varies from strain to strain. CONCLUSION Staphylococcus aureusand Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the main pathogenic bacteria. Common pathogenic bacteria were resistance to penicillin and levofloxacin, which were commonly used in clinic. Therefore, bacterial culture should be carried out and rational drug use should be guided.

Classlearning plays an important role in clinical study.The quality of problem design affects the efficiency of classroom teaching.However,there are many defectsIn teachers' problem design.According to the training objectives and the learning characteristics of clinical medicine,the article focuses on the angle of basic medical classroom.First of all,from the three aspects of knowledge,skills and comprehensive quality,this paper expounds the significance of the efficient problem design to achieve the training goal ofclinical specialty.Then,this paper studies the shortcomings in the current problem design.Finally,this paper puts forwardfeasible suggestion for improving the efficiency of problem design in clinical basic medical classroomfrom the following four aspects:the construction of reasonable knowledge structure,simulation of clinical diagnosis,critical thinking and questions from students to teachers.

AIM:To explore the preventive effect of resveratrol on spatial memory loss of the mice induced by intralateroventricular injection of calyculin A (CA).METHODS:Kunming mice of 2 months (n=44) were divided into saline control group, CA group, low-dose resveratrol group and high-dose resveratrol group.The mice in control group and CA group were intraperitoneally injected with equal volume of saline for 21 d, while the mice in low-dose resveratrol group and high-dose resveratrol group were intraperitoneally injected with resveratrol at 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg, respectively.At 22 d, CA (4 μL) was injected into the lateral ventricles in CA group, low-dose resveratrol group and high-dose resveratrol group.Morris water maze test was applied to examine the changes of learning and memory abilities of the mice at 27 d.The Golgi staining was used to observe the morphological changes of dendrites and dendritic spines.The hippocampal tissues were homogenated to detect SOD activity.RESULTS:Low-dose resveratrol significantly decreased the escape latency delay induced by CA.Low-dose resveratrol attenuated the decreases in the number of dendrites and the density of dendritic spines of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region induced by CA.High-dose resveratrol but not low-dose resveratrol attenuated the decreased SOD activity induced by CA.CONCLUSION:Resveratrol at low dose attenuates memory loss in the mice induced by CA though preventing dendrite injury.

There are great differences in the education and working system of certain professionals between Chinese mainland and Taiwan region due to the differeuces in the political system.In this essay,we try to compare the differences in the education level,objective and course offering of the medical imaging technique major and the differences in the professional qualification examination system and the working system between Chinese Mainland and Taiwan Region.We also probe into the possible fields for both sides to learn from each other and to provide references for cooperative school - running,professionals' interchange and working system of medical imaging technique majors of both sides.