Objective: To analyze the incidence trend of colorectal cancer in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City from 2010 to 2024, and predict the incidence of colorectal cancer from 2025 to 2027, so as to provide the evidence for improving the prevention and control strategies of colorectal cancer. Methods: Colorectal cancer incidence data from 2010 to 2024 in Xiaoshan District were collected through the Hangzhou Municipal Chronic Disease Monitoring Management System. The crude incidence of colorectal cancer was calculated, and standardized using the data from the Sixth National Population Census in 2010 (Chinese standardized rate) and the Segi's world standard population (world standardized rate). The trend of colorectal cancer incidence from 2010 to 2024 was analyzed using the average annual percent change (AAPC). An exponential smoothing state space model with trigonometric seasonality, box-cox transformation, ARMA errors, trend and seasonal components (TBATS) was established to forecast the crude incidence of colorectal cancer from 2025 to 2027. Results: There were 10 726 new cases of colorectal cancer in Xiaoshan District from 2010 to 2024. The crude incidence, Chinese standardized rate, and world standardized rate of colorectal cancer were 59.25/100 000, 38.62/100 000 and 29.50/100 000, respectively. The crude incidence, Chinese standardized rate, and world standardized rate of colorectal cancer in males were 70.56/100 000, 44.44/100 000and 35.58/100 000, respectively, while those in females were 48.37/100 000, 32.69/100 000 and 23.70/100 000, respectively. The Chinese standardized rate of colorectal cancer was significantly higher in males than in females (P<0.05). The crude incidence of colorectal cancer in males, females and the whole population showed upward trends from 2010 to 2024 (AAPC=4.916%, 3.795% and 4.442%, all P<0.05). The crude incidence of colorectal cancer in the groups of 0-<35, 35-<50, 50-<75 and ≥75 years were 1.75/100 000, 19.86/100 000, 112.28/100 000 and 272.99/100 000, respectively, showing an increasing trend with age (P<0.05). From 2010 to 2024, the crude incidence of colorectal cancer in the ≥75 years group showed an increasing trend (AAPC=4.470%, P<0.05), while no significant trend was observed in other age groups (all P>0.05). TBATS model demonstrated good fitting (predictive) performance, indicating a year-by-year increase in the crude incidence of colorectal cancer across the whole population from 2025 to 2027, with an estimated rate reaching 70.45/100 000 in 2027. Conclusions The crude incidence of colorectal cancer in Xiaoshan District showed an increasing trend from 2010 to 2024, and it is predicted to continue to increase from 2025 to 2027. Males and the elderly are the key populations for colorectal cancer prevention and control.

ObjectiveTo analyze the trend of incidence, mortality rate and survival rate of breast cancer among women with registered residence in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City in Zhejiang Province from 2014 to 2023, and to provide a basis for improving breast cancer prevention and control strategies. MethodsData on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer among women with registered residence in Xiaoshan District from 2014 to 2023 were collected through Zhejiang Chronic Disease Monitoring and Management System. The crude incidence and mortality rate, as well as the age-standardized incidence and mortality rate using both the 2000 Chinese standard population (abbreviated as “Chinese ASR”) and Segi’s 1960 world standard population (“world ASR”) were calculated. Joinpoint model was employed to analyze the trends in incidence and mortality rate, while R software (version 4.1.1) was used to analyze the 5-year relative survival rate to assess the survival status of breast cancer patients. ResultsFrom 2014 to 2023, the crude incidence rate, the Chinese age-standardized incidence rate (ASIRC) and the world age-standardized incidence rate (ASIRW) of breast cancer among women with registered residence in Xiaoshan District were from 70.00/100 000 to 128.35/100 000, from 52.92/100 000 to 94.29/100 000, and from 40.82/100 000 to 72.07/100 000, respectively, with the corresponding average annual percentage changes (AAPC) of 5.80%, 4.63% and 4.71%, respectively, showing a significant increasing trend over the decade (all P<0.05). The incidence rate of breast cancer among people aged 30‒<40 years old or 50‒<75 years old exhibited a significant increase trend from 2014 to 2023 (all P<0.05). The crude mortality rate of breast cancer in female was from 7.75/100 000 to 12.34/100 000, the ASMRC of breast cancer in female was from 4.62/100 000 to 7.53/100 000, and the ASMRW of breast cancer in female was from 3.58/100 000 to 5.71/100 000, and the AAPC had no statistically significance. However, the mortality rate of breast cancer was increased with age (P<0.001). The 5-year age-standardized relative survival rate of breast cancer in female in Xiaoshan District was significantly higher in the 2016‒2018 period (94.46%) compared to the 2013‒2015 period (91.02%) (P<0.05). ConclusionFrom 2014 to 2023, the annual incidence of breast cancer among women with registered residence in Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou City in Zhejiang Province showed an increasing trend, while the change in mortality rate was not statistically significant. The 5-year survival rate of breast cancer in female was at a high level, indicating notable achievements in comprehensive prevention and control efforts. It is essential to continue to strengthen public awareness campaigns for breast cancer prevention and control, control breast cancer risk factors, actively carry out early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer among target groups, and improve the quality of life for breast cancer patients.

ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence rate and mortality of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and their changing trends among the registered residents in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City from 2017 to 2023, so as to provide references for formulating policies related to AMI prevention. MethodsThe morbidity and mortality data of AMI among the registered residents in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2023 were collected through the Hangzhou Chronic Disease and Death Cause Monitoring System. Software such as Excel 2019, SPSS 25.0 and Joinpoint 4.9.1.0 were used to calculate the incidence rate, mortality, and average annual percentage change (AAPC) of AMI. ResultsFrom 2017 to 2023, the average annual crude incidence rate, age-standardized incidence rate using China standard population (ASIRC), and the age-standardized incidence rate using World standard population (ASIRW) of AMI in Xiaoshan District were 48.25/100 000, 29.14/100 000, and 21.64/100 000, respectively, and, from which the AAPCs were 5.495%, 6.010%, and 6.533%, respectively, all showing an upward trend. The average annual crude mortality rate, the age-standardized mortality rate using China standard population (ASMRC), and the age-standardized mortality rate using World standard population (ASMRW) were 11.76/100 000, 6.52/100 000, and 4.71/100 000, respectively, from which the AAPCs were -9.669%, -10.433% and -9.615%, respectively, all showing a downward trend. The average annual crude incidence rate of AMI was higher in males (65.87/100 000) than that in females (31.31/100 000). Moreover, the average annual crude mortality rate of AMI was higher in males (14.08/100 000) than that in females (9.52/100 000), and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.001) .After age grouping, the crude incidence rate of AMI among the residents aged 35-, 45-, 55-, and 65- years in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2023 showed an upward trend over time, with AAPCs of 16.993%, 17.149%, 8.523%, and 5.002%, respectively. While the crude mortality rate in residents aged 35-, 75-, and 85-102 years showed an decreasing trend over time, with AAPCs of -23.977%, -15.467%, and -17.415%, respectively, but there was no statistically significant difference in the trends in incidence rate and mortality of other age groups (all P>0.05). ConclusionThe situation of AMI prevention and control among the registered residents in Xiaoshan District is not optimistic, and targeted measures should be strengthened for the male residents aged ≥35 years old.

Objective To investigate the CT imaging manifestations of tumor-like proliferation of extramedullary hematopoiesis(EMH)in thalassemia(TM).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 41 patients with tumor-like proliferation of EMH in TM.The CT imaging features of the patients were analyzed,including the location,lesion morphology,density,and degree of enhancement of the lesions.Results Lesions of varying sizes were identified on both sides of the thoracic vertebrae in all 41 cases,including 20 cases with lesions in the inner edge of the ribs and 1 case within the spinal epidural space.A total of 23 abdominal scans and 2 lumbar scans,lesions were found in the sacral region in 18 cases,primarily in the presacral area and sacral wings.Lesions adjacent to the thoracic paravertebral and in the sacral region were quasi-circular,while those on the ribs were quasi-circular or flat and mound-shaped,closely adhering to the inner edge of the ribs.Intraspinal epidural lesions were characterized by a longitudinal orientation,positioned adjacent to the posterior part of the thoracic spinal canal.Most lesions showed homogeneous moderate density.Bone erosion was observed in 14 rib lesions and 7 sacral region lesions,resulting in heterogeneous slightly high density shadow of the lesions.Small nodular high density shadow were identified in 4 cases,and small amounts of fatty density shadow were observed in 4 cases.20 cases showed mild-to-moderate enhancement on enhanced scan,and 11 cases showed"vascular traversal sign"in thoracic paravertebral lesions.Conclusion The CT manifestations of tumor-like proliferation of EMH in TM are characteristic.The combination of typical CT manifestations and medical history facilitates an accurate diagnosis.Indicators such as fat replacement,iron deposition nodules,bone erosion,and"vascular traversal sign"are valuable in the diagnosis of tumor-like proliferation of EMH.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and existing issues of hospital-associated infection manage-ment in non-public medical institutions,so as to provide data for the formulation of hospital-associated infec-tion management policies and the construction of a quality evaluation system for hospital-associated infection man-agement in non-public medical institutions.METHODS A qualitative research method was employed.In Dec.2023,semi-structured interviews were conducted with 38 directors of hospital-associated infection management depart-ments in primary,secondary and tertiary non-public medical institutions.The interview data were coded and ana-lyzed by Nvivo 12.0 software to refine themes.RESULTS Three themes were refined:the organizational system for hospital-associated infection management in non-public medical institutions had been basically established,but the division of functions and responsibilities was not yet fully clear,hospital-associated infection management had achieved certain results,including collaborating with other departments to standardize and implement infection control measures,enhancing staff awareness of infection control,and promoting the establishment of organization-al systems.There were issues in infection control works such as insufficient funding,personnel allocation not meeting requirements,and difficulties in implementing infection control measures.The most urgent assis-tance needed was to address the training and professional title promotion for full-time and part-time infection con-trol personnel.CONCLUSION Non-public medical institutions should strengthen staffing and training,enhance the pro-fessional capabilities of infection control personnel,and establish hospital-associated infection management standards that are tailored to the characteristics of non-public medical institutions at all levels.

Objective To investigate the CT imaging manifestations of tumor-like proliferation of extramedullary hematopoiesis(EMH)in thalassemia(TM).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 41 patients with tumor-like proliferation of EMH in TM.The CT imaging features of the patients were analyzed,including the location,lesion morphology,density,and degree of enhancement of the lesions.Results Lesions of varying sizes were identified on both sides of the thoracic vertebrae in all 41 cases,including 20 cases with lesions in the inner edge of the ribs and 1 case within the spinal epidural space.A total of 23 abdominal scans and 2 lumbar scans,lesions were found in the sacral region in 18 cases,primarily in the presacral area and sacral wings.Lesions adjacent to the thoracic paravertebral and in the sacral region were quasi-circular,while those on the ribs were quasi-circular or flat and mound-shaped,closely adhering to the inner edge of the ribs.Intraspinal epidural lesions were characterized by a longitudinal orientation,positioned adjacent to the posterior part of the thoracic spinal canal.Most lesions showed homogeneous moderate density.Bone erosion was observed in 14 rib lesions and 7 sacral region lesions,resulting in heterogeneous slightly high density shadow of the lesions.Small nodular high density shadow were identified in 4 cases,and small amounts of fatty density shadow were observed in 4 cases.20 cases showed mild-to-moderate enhancement on enhanced scan,and 11 cases showed"vascular traversal sign"in thoracic paravertebral lesions.Conclusion The CT manifestations of tumor-like proliferation of EMH in TM are characteristic.The combination of typical CT manifestations and medical history facilitates an accurate diagnosis.Indicators such as fat replacement,iron deposition nodules,bone erosion,and"vascular traversal sign"are valuable in the diagnosis of tumor-like proliferation of EMH.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and existing issues of hospital-associated infection manage-ment in non-public medical institutions,so as to provide data for the formulation of hospital-associated infec-tion management policies and the construction of a quality evaluation system for hospital-associated infection man-agement in non-public medical institutions.METHODS A qualitative research method was employed.In Dec.2023,semi-structured interviews were conducted with 38 directors of hospital-associated infection management depart-ments in primary,secondary and tertiary non-public medical institutions.The interview data were coded and ana-lyzed by Nvivo 12.0 software to refine themes.RESULTS Three themes were refined:the organizational system for hospital-associated infection management in non-public medical institutions had been basically established,but the division of functions and responsibilities was not yet fully clear,hospital-associated infection management had achieved certain results,including collaborating with other departments to standardize and implement infection control measures,enhancing staff awareness of infection control,and promoting the establishment of organization-al systems.There were issues in infection control works such as insufficient funding,personnel allocation not meeting requirements,and difficulties in implementing infection control measures.The most urgent assis-tance needed was to address the training and professional title promotion for full-time and part-time infection con-trol personnel.CONCLUSION Non-public medical institutions should strengthen staffing and training,enhance the pro-fessional capabilities of infection control personnel,and establish hospital-associated infection management standards that are tailored to the characteristics of non-public medical institutions at all levels.

The SNP loci of ACOX1 gene in 83 China Holstein cows were detected by PCR amplifica-tion and direct sequencing,and the association between the genetic polymorphism loci of ACOX 1 gene and milk quality traits of China Holstein cows was analyzed by SPSS 25.0 software.The re-sults showed that a SNP locus I3-2 267 G→C was found in the third intron of ACOX1 gene,it was moderately polymorphic and in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in the population.By correlation anal-ysis,it was found that the SNP locus was significantly related to the somatic cell content and cor-rected milk quantity of dairy cows.The I3-2 267 G→C locus of ACOX1 gene can be used as a mo-lecular marker of quality traits of Holstein cows in China,and provide reference for the study of quality traits of Holstein cows in China.

Constipation is a common clinical symptom,often secondary to drugs or other disorders.Various common drugs such as analgesics,anticholinergic drugs,5-hydroxytryptamine receptor antagonists,etc.,can induce constipation,namely drug-induced constipation.This article categorized the common drugs that trigger constipation,analyzed and summarized the pharmacological mechanisms,classification,relevant clinical trials and animal experiment data,in order to guide clinicians in the prevention and treatment of drug-induced constipation through adjusting drugs or administration routes,modifying lifestyles,and using laxatives or peripherally acting μ-opioid receptor antagonists rationally.

This case report described the sucussful treatment of a male infant born at 21 weeks and 4 days through assisted reproductive technology. After prenatal consultation and with the strong desire of the parents, active resuscitation and treatment were performed. The infant received 52 days of mechanical ventilation and was extubated to non-invasive ventilation at a corrected gestational age of 28 weeks and 6 days. During hospitalization, no vasoactive drugs were used, and necrotizing enterocolitis did not occur. The gastric tube was removed at a corrected gestational age of 37 weeks and 4 days. At a corrected gestational age of 40 weeks, cranial MRI showed no abnormalities. The infant was discharged at a corrected gestational age of 42 weeks after 143 days of treatment, without the need for any respiratory support. Follow-up until a corrected age of 6 months showed good growth and development.