Background: Epimedii Folium is well known for its medicinal value. Four Epimedium species—Euphorbia brevicornu, E. sagittatum, E. pubescens, and E. koreanum—are the designated original plants of Epimedii Folium. Objective: The objective of this study is to facilitate the identification of the four Epimedium species and clarify their distributional responses to climate change. Methods: In this study, we assessed the genetic divergence of the four species and identified the molecular markers for species identification by using chloroplast genome sequences. Furthermore, we forecasted the distribution of potentially suitable regions of the four species Folium under climate change. Results: The authors obtained 26 chloroplast genome sequences of the four species and identified 1393 variable sites and 273 indel events. Genetic divergence analyses revealed that E. koreanum had long genetic distance from the other three species. Compared with the complete chloroplast genome, six hypervariable markers were discovered, and both rps4-trnL and ndhF were chosen as Epimedii Folium-specific DNA barcodes. Climate change is expected to influence the geographical distribution of the four Epimedium species, which were primarily found in China, South Korea, and Japan, leading to both expansion and contraction of their distribution ranges. Conclusion: Two identification markers were selected as the specific DNA barcodes for all four original plant species of Epimedii Folium. In addition, the shift of potential suitable area in various climate scenarios has been predicted. With the support of identification markers and the dynamics of suitable distribution areas, we are able to establish a foundation for the sustainable utilization of medicinal Epimedium resources in the future.

Objective To understand the feelings and experiences of nurses in family medical team in the process of implementing contracted services,in order to provide a reference for effectively exerting the function of nursing in contracted services,and promoting and optimizing the contracted services in China.Methods Using phenomenological research methods,14 team nurses from 3 community health service centers in Beijing were interviewed with semi-structured interviews.The content analysis method was used to analyze the data.Results 3 themes were extracted in the nurses'experiences and feelings during the implementation of the contracted services,personal growth and benefit,and the need to optimize the work.3 sub-themes were extracted in work experiences and feelings,namely sense of optimization of nursing philosophy,sense of changing focus of nursing,improvement of nurse and patient bond.4 sub-themes were extracted in personal growth and benefits,namely increasing job responsibility and accomplishment,forming a sense of teamwork,greater understanding and respecting for patients.5 sub-themes were extracted in the optimization of contracted service needs,namely clarifying the position of team nurses,improving the bidirectional referrals,improving the contracted team management and assessment mechanisms,strengthening the support of the policy on home care,and providing opportunities for continuing education and training.Conclusion In practicing contracted services,team nurses have gained recognition of their profession and continuous self-growth.The government should continue to improve the support of contracting-related policies to meet the needs of team nurses'career development,optimize contracted services,and attract more nurses into the practice of contracted services.

Near-death experience is a unique consciousness, a self-related, mysterious and unexplainable experience, which occurs in life-threatening and non-life-threatening situations, and could be classified as"classical near-death experiences"and"near-death-like experiences (NDEs-like)", respectively. The classical near-death experience corresponds to the internal awareness experienced in unresponsive conditions, which can be used to explore the disconnected states of consciousness of human beings. Meanwhile, the near-death-like experience is a more heterogeneous state, which brings more possibilities for future research. This article reviews the research progress of near-death experiences in different situations, such as cardiac arrest, syncope and meditative state, etc. Researchers found that people with rapid eye movement invasion are more likely to have NDEs and ketamine-induced general anesthesia can be used as a reversible and safe experimental model. Although many physiological and psychological explanations of near-death experiences have been proposed, the definition of the phenomenon, the mechanisms by which it occurs and the identification of near-death experiences remain controversial. Research on near-death experiences in China is still in its infancy. As a field of consciousness research, near-death experiences can be used to explore the mechanism of human consciousness in an unresponsive state, and to provide a new direction for the scientific research of clinical consciousness.

Near-death experience is a unique consciousness, a self-related, mysterious and unexplainable experience, which occurs in life-threatening and non-life-threatening situations, and could be classified as"classical near-death experiences"and"near-death-like experiences (NDEs-like)", respectively. The classical near-death experience corresponds to the internal awareness experienced in unresponsive conditions, which can be used to explore the disconnected states of consciousness of human beings. Meanwhile, the near-death-like experience is a more heterogeneous state, which brings more possibilities for future research. This article reviews the research progress of near-death experiences in different situations, such as cardiac arrest, syncope and meditative state, etc. Researchers found that people with rapid eye movement invasion are more likely to have NDEs and ketamine-induced general anesthesia can be used as a reversible and safe experimental model. Although many physiological and psychological explanations of near-death experiences have been proposed, the definition of the phenomenon, the mechanisms by which it occurs and the identification of near-death experiences remain controversial. Research on near-death experiences in China is still in its infancy. As a field of consciousness research, near-death experiences can be used to explore the mechanism of human consciousness in an unresponsive state, and to provide a new direction for the scientific research of clinical consciousness.

Objective To measure the level of platelet derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in maintenance hemodialysis patients and investigate the significance of carotid atherosclerosis.Methods Thirty-six maintenance hemodialysis patients (test group) and 20 healthy controls (normal control group) were enrolled in this study.The level of PDGF-BB was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in two groups.Intima-media thickness (IMT) and atherosclerotic plaques of the extracranial common carotid artery were measured by echocardiography.Results The level of IMT and the positive rate of carotid atherosclerosis in test group were significantly higher than those in normal control group [(1991.8 ± 228.6) μ mol/L vs.(71.2± 15.9) μmol/L,(36.78 ±3.40) g/Lvs.(41.96±2.07) g/L,(4.97 ±0.57) mmol/Lvs.(4.48 ±0.84) mmol/L][(1.01 ±0.23) mm vs.(0.72 ±0.15) mm,69.4％(25/36) vs.10.0％(2/20)](P＜ 0.01).The level of plasma creatinine,albumin and total cholesterol in test group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).The level of PDGF-BB in test group was significantly higher than that in normal control group[(93.27 ± 31.58) ng/L vs.(31.71 ± 15.78) ng/L,P ＜ 0.01].In test group,age and the level of PDGF-BB and triacylglycerol in carotid atherosclerosis patients were significantly higher than those in non-carotid atherosclerosis patients [(48.04 ± 9.97) years vs.(34.54 ± 10.35) years,(102.60 ± 32.87) ng/L vs.(72.06 ± 13.67) ng/L,(1.51 ± 0.59) mmol/L vs.(1.01 ± 0.27) mmol/L] (P ＜ 0.01).Regression analysis showed that age (β =0.346,P ＜ 0.01) and PDGF-BB (β =0.594,P＜ 0.01) were the important impacting factors for IMT.Conclusion The level of PDGF-BB is increased in maintenance hemodialysis patients,and it may play an important role in carotid atherosclerosis.