Under the background of the Healthy China strategy， the integration of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） into the public health emergency response system has become an important measure to enhance the capacity for coping with public health emergencies. In recent years， the role of TCM in responding to such emergencies has become increasingly prominent. Taking major emerging epidemics as an example， TCM has developed a rich theoretical system and practical experience in epidemic prevention and treatment over thousands of years， and has played a significant role in successive outbreaks with its unique advantages. Based on the concept of ''preventing disease before its onset'' and the theoretical framework of treatment based on syndrome differentiation， TCM has achieved remarkable results through early intervention and full participation in the integrated model of TCM and Western medicine， from severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） to corona virus disease-2019 （COVID-19）， in improving clinical symptoms and outcomes， reducing adverse reactions， and promoting recovery. From the perspective of the Healthy China strategy， this paper systematically reviews the historical development of TCM in epidemic prevention and treatment， with particular attention to recent epidemics such as SARS， influenza A （H1N1）， and COVID-19. It further examines the similarities and differences between TCM and Western medicine in responding to major emerging epidemics， as well as relevant policies related to TCM in epidemic prevention and control. In addition， it summarizes the existing problems in TCM's role in the prevention and treatment of major emerging epidemics， and explores measures to improve its rapid response capacity under the Healthy China strategy. This study not only provides a ''Chinese solution'' for the prevention and control of newly emerging infectious diseases worldwide， but also offers theoretical and practical references for strengthening the public health emergency response system， carrying strategic significance for promoting the modernization and internationalization of TCM.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the major form of dementia in the elderly and is closely related to the toxic effects of microglia sustained activation. In AD, sustained microglial activation triggers impaired synaptic pruning, neuroinflammation, neurotoxicity, and cognitive deficits. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant expression of deubiquitinating enzymes is associated with regulating microglia function. Here, we use RNA sequencing to identify a deubiquitinase YOD1 as a regulator of microglial function and AD pathology. Further study showed that YOD1 knockout significantly improved the migration, phagocytosis, and inflammatory response of microglia, thereby improving the cognitive impairment of AD model mice. Through LC-MS/MS analysis combined with Co-IP, we found that Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9), a key regulator maintaining microglia homeostasis, is an interacting protein of YOD1. Mechanistically, YOD1 binds to MYH9 and maintains its stability by removing the K48 ubiquitin chain from MYH9, thereby mediating the microglia polarization signaling pathway to mediate microglia homeostasis. Taken together, our study reveals a specific role of microglial YOD1 in mediating microglia homeostasis and AD pathology, which provides a potential strategy for targeting microglia to treat AD.

Notum, a negative feedback regulator of the Wnt signaling, has emerged as a promising target for treating glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). This study showcases an efficient strategy for discovering the anti-Notum constituents from herbal medicines (HMs) as novel anti-GIOP agents. Firstly, a rapid-responding near-infrared fluorogenic substrate for Notum was rationally engineered for high-throughput identifying the anti-Notum HMs. The results showed that Bu-Gu-Zhi (BGZ), a known anti-osteoporosis herb, potently inhibited Notum in a competitive-inhibition manner. To uncover the key anti-Notum constituents in BGZ, an efficient strategy was adapted via integrating biochemical, phytochemical, computational, and pharmacological assays. Among all identified BGZ constituents, three furanocoumarins were validated as strong Notum inhibitors, while 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MP) showed the most potent anti-Notum activity and favorable safety profiles. Mechanistically, 5-MP acted as a competitive inhibitor of Notum via creating strong hydrophobic interactions with Trp128 and Phe268 in the catalytic cavity of Notum. Cellular assays showed that 5-MP remarkably promoted osteoblast differentiation and activated Wnt signaling in dexamethasone (DXMS)-challenged MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. In dexamethasone-induced osteoporotic mice, 5-MP strongly elevated bone mineral density (BMD) and improved cancellous and cortical bone thickness. Collectively, this study constructs a high-efficient platform for discovering key anti-Notum constituents from HMs, while 5-MP emerges as a promising anti-GIOP agent.

Chicken coccidia specialize in growing and reproducing within the epithelial cells of the chicken intestinal mucosa,posing a threat to the health of the chicken flock.However,traditional chemical drugs are difficult to pass through the cell barrier and can easily lead to the emergence of drug-resistant strains and residual veterinary drugs,posing a huge challenge to the prevention and control of coccidiosis.Therefore,it is necessary to develop new strategies against coccidiosis.Nano-drugs have the advantages of good biocompatibility,easy modification,and high efficiency,impro-ving the penetration of cell membranes while reducing drug toxicity and side effects.They are ex-pected to be applied in the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis.This article introduces various nanomedicines for treating chicken coccidiosis,summarizes their advantages compared to tradition-al formulations,focuses on the application of nanomedicines in the treatment of chicken coccidio-sis,elucidates the existing problems of nanomedicine treatment for chicken coccidiosis,and looks forward to the challenges and future development directions in this field,in order to provide impor-tant references for the development of nanomedicines for treating chicken coccidiosis.

Objective:To establish and validate reference intervals of serum vitamin K for healthy children in China.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2020 to May 2023, involving 807 healthy children aged 0 to 14 years, selected by stratified random sampling based on the population distribution of children in eastern, central, western, and northeastern China. Sample collection was carried out in 16 hospitals across 12 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. Basic information of the children was collected using a standardized self-design questionnaire. Serum levels of vitamin K 1 and vitamin K 2 (menaquinone-4 (MK-4), menaquinone-7 (MK-7)) were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The reference intervals was established by direct approach. The children were divided into different groups by age. Inter-group comparisons were conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test, and the reference intervals ( P2.5- P97.5) were determined using non-parametric methods. Screening 40 healthy children for small sample validation based on age groups within the reference range(25 from eastern, 10 from central, and 5 from western regions). Results:The age of the 807 children was 5.00 (2.00, 9.81) years, and 495 (61.3%) were males and 312 (38.7%) females. Reference intervals were established for 795 children, of whom 303 children were aged 1 month to 3 years and 492 were aged 4 to 14 years. The reference intervals for serum vitamin K 1 were 0.09-4.54 μg/L for children aged 1 month to 3 years, and 0.10-1.73 μg/L for 4-14 years. For MK-7, the intervals were 0.07-1.42 μg/L for 1 month to 3 years and 0.19-2.03 μg/L for 4-14 years. The reference intervals for MK-4 in children aged 1 month to 14 years were 0-0.42 μg/L. The measured values of serum vitamin K 1, MK-4, and MK-7 in the validation samples did not exceed the reference limit in more than 2 samples. Conclusion:Reference intervals for vitamin K 1, MK-4, and MK-7 in healthy children aged 1 month to 14 years have been established and validated, and can be used to assess vitamin K nutritional status in children.

Objective To analyze the correlation between the expression of soluble glycoprotein A(GPA)in plasma of healthy blood donors and anti-M and anti-"Mia"antibodies.Methods Plasma from healthy donors from February 9,2022 to February 15,2023 was collected:irregular antibody-negative NN type(group Ⅰ,n=118)and MM type(group Ⅱ,n=51),anti-M antibody positive NN type(group Ⅲ,n=145)and anti-"Mia"antibody positive companion type(group Ⅳ,n= 87),the GPA content in plasma of different individuals in 4 groups was detected,and the difference in GPA expression was analyzed by t-test.Results The average plasma GPA contents in groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 9.941±0.252,10.97±0.256,5.139±0.129 and 4.28±0.139ng/ml,respectively.The average GPA content of groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ was higher,and the average GPA content of groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ was lower,and the differences were statistically significant(all P＜0.01).Conclusion The GPA content in plasma of healthy donors with anti-M and anti-"Mia"antibodies was significantly lower than that of the antibody-negative group.The results of this study lay a foundation for further investigation of whether GPA in plasma has the ability to neutralize anti-M and anti-"Mia"antibodies,improve disease diagnosis and safe blood transfusion.

OBJECTIVE To optimize the freeze-drying process for sheep placenta slices. METHODS An orthogonal test design was used with pre-freezing time， drying time and drying temperature as indicators to screen for the optimal freeze-drying process for sheep placenta slices. The peptide content， ethanol-soluble extract content， and freeze-drying rate of sheep placenta were used as indicators，the analytic hierarchy process-criteria importance through intercriteria correlation （AHP-CRITIC） method was employed to determine the weight of each indicator and calculate the comprehensive score， which was verified using the technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution （TOPSIS） model. RESULTS The optimal preparation process was found to be the pre-freezing time of 2 hours， the drying time of 16 hours， and the drying temperature of 30 °C. The average values of peptide content， ethanol-soluble extract content， and freeze-drying rate for three batches of samples were 5.883 mg/mL， 27.1%， and 95.77%， respectively； the comprehensive scores of three batches were 96.42， 99.18 and 99.58， with RSD of 1.75%. CONCLUSIONS This study successfully optimized the freeze-drying process for sheep placenta slices， which can provide a reference for the quality standard setting and industrial production of this type of slice.

Objective To observe the value of augmented reality(AR)navigation system for assisting CT-guided puncture of pulmonary nodules in dog models.Methods Five healthy dogs were selected,and 4 target lung rings were implanted in each dog to build pulmonary nodule models.Deferring to crossover design,CT-guided punctures were performed with or without AR navigation 2 and 4 weeks after successful modeling,respectively,while punctures with AR navigation were regarded as AR group and the others as conventional group,respectively.The time duration of puncturing,the times of CT scanning,of needle adjustment,and the deviation distance between needle pinpoint to the center of pulmonary nodule shown on three-dimensional reconstruction were compared between groups.Results The duration time of puncture in AR group and conventional group was(13.62±5.11)min and(20.16±4.76)min,respectively.In AR group,the times of CT scanning,of needle adjustment,and the deviation distance was 2.40±0.50,2.75±0.44 and(2.94±1.92)mm,respectively,while in conventional group was 3.10±0.64,3.70±0.57 and(4.90±3.38)mm,respectively.The introduction of AR navigation was helpful to shortening the duration of puncture,reducing times of CT scanning and needle adjustment,also decreasing positioning error of needle pinpoint(all P＜0.05).In contrast,the variance of puncture sequences and dogs had no obvious effect on the results(both P＞0.05).Conclusion AR navigation system could improve accuracy and efficiency in CT-guided puncture of pulmonary nodules in dog models.

Objective:To analyze the pregnancy outcomes in patients with positive anti-centromere antibodies(ACA)receiving in vitro fertilization(IVF)-embryo transfer(ET)and natural conception.Methods:A case-control study was used to retrospectively analyze the clinical data of 3955 patients who received IVF-ET therapy and had the results of antinuclear antibody(ANA)spectrum at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital from June 2016 to June 2023.Patients with positive ACA and negative ACA were matched at a ratio of 1∶3 using propensity score matching.Embryo outcomes of IVF were compared between the two groups,and the impact of different fertilization methods and the use of immunosuppressants on pregnancy outcomes were analyzed using self-matching.The natural conception and disease progress were followed up for ACA-positive patients after IVF failure.Results:The ACA-positive patients accounted for 0.86%of all IVF patients(34/3955)and 2.51%of total ANA-positive IVF patients.Regardless of whether patients received conventional IVF(c-IVF)or intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI),the ACA-positive group exhibited significant differences in oocyte maturity and fertilization compared to the ACA-negative group(both P＜0.01).Moreover,the ACA-positive group had a decreased number of D3 suboptimal embryos and D3 optimal embryos(both P＜0.05).In 5 cases of ACA-positive patients who underwent ICSI cycles,the two pronucleus(2PN)rate did not increase compared to c-IVF cycles(P＞0.05),and there was a decrease in the number of D3 high-quality embryos and D3 suboptimal embryos(both P＜0.05).After 1-2 months of immuno-suppressant treatment,12 ACA-positive patients underwent c-IVF/ICSI again,and there were no changes in egg retrieval and fertilization before and after medication(both P＞0.05),but there was an improvement in the 2PN embryo cleavage rate(P＜0.05).The number of embryos transferred was similar between the ACA-positive and negative groups,but the ACA-positive group had significantly lower embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate compared to the ACA-negative group(both P＜0.05),with no significant differences in the miscarriage rate between the two groups(P＞0.05).Twenty-seven ACA-positive patients attempted natural conception or artificial insemination after IVF failure,resulting in a total of 7 cases of clinical pregnancy.Conclusions:Serum ACA positivity may disrupt oocyte maturation and normal fertilization processes,with no improvement observed with ICSI and immunosuppressant use.However,ACA-positive patients may still achieve natural pregnancy.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in cases of febrile respiratory syndrome in China from 2010 to 2020.Methods:Based on the sub-project of the National Science and Technology Major Project for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control "Infectious Disease Monitoring Technology Platform", active monitoring of febrile respiratory syndrome cases was conducted in sentinel hospitals in 31 provinces across China (excluding Hong Kong, Macau, and Chinese Taiwan) from January 2010 to December 2020, resulting in the inclusion of 191 441 cases. Clinical specimens of monitored cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid, and the differences in HRSV detection rates among different age groups, regions, and time periods were analyzed using the χ 2 test/Fisher exact probability method. Results:Among the 191 441 cases of febrile respiratory syndrome in China from 2010 to 2020, the age group M ( Q1, Q3) was 9 (2, 40) years old, with 83 773 cases (43.8%) in the <5 years old group. There were 113 660 males, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.5∶1.0. There were as many as 105 508 cases (55.2%) of scattered children and preschool children. About 70 565 cases (36.9%) lived in the northern region. There were 13 858 HRSV positive cases, with a total positive rate of 7.2%. The positive rate of HRSV detection in the northern population was 5.7% (4 004/70 565), which was lower than that in the southern population (8.2%, 9 854/120 876), and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2=407.4, P<0.001). HRSV was detected in all age groups, with the highest positive rate of 23.9% in the <6 months age group. The month with the highest positive rate was December, and autumn and winter were the main epidemic seasons. Both northern and southern HRSV subtypes were mainly infected with type A, with a low proportion of mixed infections of type A and type B. Conclusion:HRSV is a common pathogen causing respiratory infections in children from 2010 to 2020. It can be detected throughout the year and shows the main peak of prevalence in autumn and winter. The HRSV strain is mainly classified as a type A infection.