Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnostic approaches,and differential diag-nosis of chordoid glioma(CG)and chordoid meningioma(CM)of the central nervous system(CNS).Methods Clinical data from 4 cases of CG and 10 cases of CM were collected.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the ex-pression of GFAP,EMA,TTF-1,and other markers.Molecular genetic alerations were identified using sequencing techniques and relevant literature was reviewed.Results CG predominantly occurred in the third ventricle but could also arise outside of it.Tumors showed well-defined borders with surrounding tissues.Microscopically,tumor cells were arranged in cords or clusters within a myxoid stroma and expressed GFAP,TTF-1,and other markers.No PRKCA(D463H)mutations were detected in 3 CG cases,however,one case harbored an FLCN ∷ PRKD2 fusion.CM predom-inantly occurred in the supratentorial region but also appeared in the subtentorial area.Histologically,chordoid compo-nents were mixed with classic meningioma features.Chronic inflammatory cell infiltration was noted in the stroma.Tumor cells expressed EMA,PR and SSTR2.One case harbored NF2 mutation and homozygous CDKN2A deletion.Conclusion CG and CM of the CNS shared overlapping morphological characteristics,making histological distinction difficult.Accurate diagnosis required integration of clinical,imaging,immunohistochemical,and molecular pathologi-cal findings.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnostic approaches,and differential diag-nosis of chordoid glioma(CG)and chordoid meningioma(CM)of the central nervous system(CNS).Methods Clinical data from 4 cases of CG and 10 cases of CM were collected.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the ex-pression of GFAP,EMA,TTF-1,and other markers.Molecular genetic alerations were identified using sequencing techniques and relevant literature was reviewed.Results CG predominantly occurred in the third ventricle but could also arise outside of it.Tumors showed well-defined borders with surrounding tissues.Microscopically,tumor cells were arranged in cords or clusters within a myxoid stroma and expressed GFAP,TTF-1,and other markers.No PRKCA(D463H)mutations were detected in 3 CG cases,however,one case harbored an FLCN ∷ PRKD2 fusion.CM predom-inantly occurred in the supratentorial region but also appeared in the subtentorial area.Histologically,chordoid compo-nents were mixed with classic meningioma features.Chronic inflammatory cell infiltration was noted in the stroma.Tumor cells expressed EMA,PR and SSTR2.One case harbored NF2 mutation and homozygous CDKN2A deletion.Conclusion CG and CM of the CNS shared overlapping morphological characteristics,making histological distinction difficult.Accurate diagnosis required integration of clinical,imaging,immunohistochemical,and molecular pathologi-cal findings.

Objective:To explore the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) system based on deep learning in evaluating bone age of children with abnormal growth and development.Methods:The positive X-ray films of the left wrist of children with abnormal growth and development who were treated at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2020 to December 2021 were collected retrospectively. A total of 717 children were collected, including 266 males and 451 females, aged 2-18 (11±3) years. Based on Tanner Whitehouse 3 (TW 3)-RUS (radius, ulna, short bone) and TW3-Carpal (carpal bone) method, bone age was measured by 3 senior radiologists, and the mean value was taken as reference standard. The bone ages were independently evaluated by the AI system (Dr.Wise bone age prediction software) and two junior radiologists (physicians 1 and 2). The accuracy within 0.5 year, the accuracy within 1 year, the mean absolute error (MAE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) between the evaluation results and the reference standard were analyzed. Paired sample t-test was used to compare MAE between AI system and junior physicians. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the consistency between AI system, junior physician and reference standard. The Bland-Altman diagram was drawn and the 95% consistency limit was calculated between AI system and reference standard. Results:For TW3-RUS bone age, compared with the reference standard, the accuracy within 0.5 year of AI system, physician 1 and physician 2 was 75.3% (540/717), 62.1% (445/717) and 66.2% (475/717), respectively. The accuracy within 1 year was 96.9% (695/717), 86.3% (619/717) and 89.1% (639/717), respectively. MAE was 0.360, 0.565 and 0.496 years, and RMSE was 0.469, 0.634 and 0.572 years, respectively. For TW3-Carpal bone age, compared with the reference standard, the accuracy within 0.5 year of AI system, physician 1 and physician 2 was 80.9% (580/717), 65.1% (467/717) and 71.7% (514/717), respectively. The accuracy within 1 year was 96.0% (688/717), 87.3% (626/717) and 90.4% (648/717), respectively. MAE was 0.330, 0.527 and 0.455 years, and RMSE was 0.458, 0.612, 0.538 years, respectively. Based on TW3-RUS and TW3-Carpal bone age, the MAE of AI system were lower than those of physician 1 and physician 2, and the differences were statistically significant ( P all<0.001). The evaluation results of AI, physician 1 and physician 2 were in good agreement with the reference standard (ICC all>0.950). The Bland-Altman analysis showed that the 95% agreement limits of AI system for assessing TW3-RUS and TW3-Carpal bone age were -0.75-1.02 years and-0.86-0.91 years, respectively. Conclusion:The accuracy of AI system in evaluating the bone age of children with abnormal growth and development is close to that of senior doctors, better than that of junior doctors, and in good agreement with senior doctors.

NKILA is a kind of newly-discovered lncRNA whose expression is aberrant in diverse malignant tumors. The existing researches have confirmed that NKILA participates in the occurrence and development of tumors mainly by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and has significance to the cancer diagnosis, treatment and prognostic evaluation of patients. This article reviews the abnormal expressions and biological effects of NKILA, and the up- and down-stream mechanisms of NKILA regulating malignant biological behavior in different cancers.

Objective To investigate the effects of a novel enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor GSK126 in vitro on the cell proliferation and apoptosis in acute leukemia and lymphoma cells. Methods CCKˉ8 assay was used to measure the effects of GSK126 with different concentrations and time on the cell proliferation in human Tˉcell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (TˉALL) CEM cell line, acute monocytic leukemia U937 cell line and Burkitt lymphoma Raji cell line. Annexin V/PI double staining method was used to determine the effects of GSK126 on the cell apoptosis. The effect of GSK126 on the mRNA levels of EZH2, bclˉ2 and bclˉxL were measured by using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results After the function for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, compared to the negative control group (0 μmol/L), 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 μmol/L GSK126 treatment showed a significant doseˉand timeˉdependent cell proliferation suppression in CEM cells; 5, 10, 15, 20 μmol/L GSK126 treatment showed a significant doseˉand timeˉdependent cell proliferation suppression in U937 cells; 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 μmol/L GSK126 treatment showed a significant timeˉdependent suppression in Raji cells (all P< 0.05). The 48 h 50% inhibitory concentration ( IC 50) of GSK126 on CEM, U937, Raji cells was (13.46 ±0.83), (11.65 ±1.02), (15.00 ±0.19) μmol/L, respectively. GSK126 treatment with the doses of 8, 12 and 16 μmol/L promoted the apoptosis of CEM and U937 cells compared with the negative control group (0 μmol/L), and there were statistical differences in the apoptosis rate (F＝ 167.995, P< 0.01; F＝ 158.400, P< 0.01). In Raji cells, only 16 μmol/L GSK126 treatment had a higher cell apoptosis rate compared with the control group (t＝ 47.998, P< 0.05). Furthermore, 8, 12 and 16 μmol/L GSK126 treatment suppressed the expressions of EZH2 mRNA in CEM, U937 and Raji cells compared with the control group (F＝82.035, P<0.01; F＝ 252.712, P< 0.01; F＝ 690.536, P< 0.01), and the expressions of bclˉ2 and bclˉxL mRNA (bclˉ2: F＝ 1 900.525, P< 0.01; F＝ 431.324, P< 0.01; F＝216.184, P<0.01; bclˉxL: F＝256.751, P<0.01; F＝147.019, P<0.01; F＝209.325, P<0.01). Conclusion EZH2 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of acute leukemia and lymphoma. GSK126 as a high selective inhibitor of EZH2 might be a potential new drug in treatment of hematological malignancies.

Objective: To detect the characteristics of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mutations in adult T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and its relationship with the prognosis. Methods: Fifty-five adult T-ALL patients were enrolled in Jiangsu Province Hospital from February 2010 to April 2016. Mononuclear bone marrow cells were extracted by using Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Genomic DNA was extracted from isolated mononuclear cells. Amplified exon 1-9 of PTEN by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specifically amplified PTEN exon, then DNA was purified, sequenced and compared. The mutation occurrence rate, mutation types, and the relations with several clinical indicators were analyzed. Results: PTEN mutations were detected in 5 patients, and 8 types of mutations were detected in 55 T-ALL patients with mutation rate of 9.1% (5/55). All the mutations were located in exon 7 of the genes. Five patients with PTEN mutations also merged other gene mutations like NOTCH1 and DNM2. The level of median lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with PTEN mutations was higher than that in patients without PTEN mutations (3 358 U/L vs. 755 U/L, Z=-2.014, P= 0.044). No significant differences were found in gender, age, white blood count, hemoglobin, platelet count, overall survival rate, event free survival, recurrence free survival between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion PTEN is a tumor suppressor gene, and its mutation plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of adult T-ALL patients, which may be associated with the poor prognosis.

Objective:To study the effects of compound preparation of Fanshiliu on lipid metabolism and pancreatic pathological changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats with insulin resistance. Methods:After fed with high-calorie food for 8 weeks,the rats received intraperitoneal injection with low dose of streptozotocin(STZ)to induce T2DM animal model,and then the rats were randomly divided into the model group,metformin group,high and low dose group of compound preparation of Fanshiliu. The normal group was given ordinary feed. The rats were sacrified after intragastric administration for six weeks,and fasted for 12 hours after the last administration. The lipid and lipoprotein indices were detected,and pathological morphology of pancreatic tissue was observed. Results:Compared with those in the model group,TC,TG,LDL-C and FFA in each treatment group were reduced,and HDL-C was increased(P < 0. 05). Fanshiliu high dose group and metformin group had obvious hypoglycemic and lipid-lowering effects. The results of pathological morphology of pancreatic tissue under a light microscope showed that the damage was the most obvious in the model group. Compound preparation of Fanshiliu groups and metformin group showed damage in varying degrees. Conclusion:Fanshiliu preparation can effectively adjust blood lipid levels,enhance the insulin sensitivity and reduce damage in pancreas in T2DM rats.

This study was aimed to investigate the research on pharmacological effects, relevant ideas and methods of Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs. Literatures on pharmacological effects of Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs were collected, summarized and analyzed. The results showed that most Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs had obvious effects of anti-microbial, anti-bacterial endotoxin, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic effect. It also had obvious antivenomous and analgesia effect. Based on research ideas and methods of Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs, we clarified the confusion species as soon as possible, and adhered to the whole animal experiments in combination with in vitro experiments and computer molecular docking simulations for the complementation of each other. It was concluded that the study on pharmacological effects of Guangdongnative heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs provided strong support in its clinical application. Ideas and methods provided in this article was the main way to explain pharmacological effects of Guangdong native heat-clearing and toxin-removing herbs.

Objective To observe the effects of Xifeng Tongnao capsules on the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in brain tissue of rats with focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods A total of 120 adult SD rats were randomized into 6 groups: Xifeng Tongnao low-, middle- and high-dose groups, model control group, Buchang Naoxintong group and sham-operated group.Buchang Naoxintong group were treated with Buchang Naoxintong capsules at 0.864 g??kg-1.Xifeng Tongnao high-, middle-and low-dose groups were treated with 3.456, 1.728, and 0.864 g??kg-1 Xifeng Tongnao capsules, respectively;sham-operated group and model control group were treated with equal volume of purified water. Medications were administered intragastrically once daily for 7 days. The acute transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion ( MCAO) 1 h after the final dose, and rats in the sham-operated group only received anesthesia and stripping without occlusion.All rats were sacrificed after reperfusion for 24 h, and expression levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the brain tissue were detected by ELISA. Results TNF-αcontent in Xifeng Tongnao capsutes low-, middle-and high-dose groups were (35.34±8.95), (33.75±6.92), and (40.95±5.39) ng??L-1, respectively.IL-1β content were (1.44±0.47), (1.45± 0.23), and (1.61±0.33) ng??L-1 in low-, middle- and high-dose groups, respectively.TNF-α and IL-1β were (38.96±9.84) and (1.56±0.31) ng??L-1, respectively in Buchang Naoxintong group, (52.74±6.76) and (2.79±0.45) ng??L-1in the model control group, and (32.54±4.00) and (1.32±0.22) ng??L-1 in sham-operated group.TNF-αand IL-1βcontent were significantly higher in Buchang Naoxintong group than in sham-operated group ( P<0. 05 ) . TNF-α and IL-1β content were significantly decreased in Xifeng Tongnao high-, middle- and low-dose groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion Xifeng Tongnao capsules can protect brain tissue by supressing TNF-α and IL-1β and alleviating inflammatory injury from ischemia.

Objective To make a summary of the clinical application and cooperation of piezosurgery in jaw bone tumour operation. Methods 64 patients with jaw bone tumour were selected since 2007 and were divided into the piezosurgery group and the routine group, they used piezosurgery and routine osteotome respectively. Feelings during operation, operation time, hemorrhage, postoperative reaction and complication were observed and compared. Results Discomfort and hemorrhage during operation was lighter, but operation was longer in the piezosurgery group compared with the routine group. Complications such as postoperative infection, hemorrhage and nerve damage did not occurred. Conclusions Application of piezosurgery in jaw bone tumor operation can increase comfort degree and reduce hemorrhage, it requires proficiency in operation procedures and master key aspects of nursing, so that can cooperate well.