The aim of this study is to identify the cause of death of a South China tiger cub at the Meihuashan breeding institute of Fujian Province.Pathogenic bacteria were isolated and cultured from liver,spleen,lung and other tissue samples of the dead South China tiger aseptically.The iso-lated bacteria were identified through morphological observation,biochemical characterization,sequence analysis of housekeeping gene gyrB,virulence gene detection,animal pathogenicity test and drug sensitivity test.A pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila strain,designated FJ/Tiger-201809 was successfully isolated from the trachea of dead South China tiger.The nucleotide sequence ho-mology between the isolate and 11 strains of Aeromonas gyrB ranged from 91.2％to 99.1％,with the highest homology of 99.1％observed with Aeromonas hydrophila(AF208251.1).Genetic evo-lution analysis showed that the isolated strain FJ/Tiger-201809 was in the same evolutionary branch as other reference strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and was closely related.The pathoge-nicity test in mice showed artificial infection of mice with the strain resulted in varying degrees of lesions in several organs of the mice,and the median lethal dose(LD50)was 1 × 107.8 CFU/mL.Virulence gene test results showed that the isolate FJ/Tiger-201809 carried two virulence genes,aer and act.The results of drug sensitivity test showed that FJ/Tiger-201809 was highly sensitive to enrofloxacin and ampicillin among 18 commonly used antibiotics,relatively sensitive to penicil-lin G and doxycycline,and resistant to the other 14 antibiotics.In conclusion,this study isolated and identified a strain of Aeromonas hydrophila from a dead South China tiger with multiple drug resistance and strong pathogenicity,which provided an important reference for the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in South China tiger.

Robot-assisted surgery with its advantages such as three-dimensional high-definition vision, dexterous robotic arms, and tremor filtration, is increasingly being applied to complex radical gastrectomy. However, the role of the surgical assistant remains crucial during the procedure. The assistant is responsible for tasks outside the console, including adjusting robotic arms, changing instruments, exposing the surgical field, and addressing unexpected situations. The technical proficiency of the assistant and their collaboration efficiency with the primary surgeon directly impact the smoothness of surgery and patients' outcomes. With the expansion of robot-assisted surgical indications, the establishment of a standardized training system and the optimization of team collaboration models have become urgent challenges to address. This article draws on the author's practical experience as an assistant in robot-assisted gastric cancer surgeries, conducting an in-depth analysis of the responsibilities and operational skills of surgical assistants in robot-assisted procedures. The aim is to develop a relatively comprehensive set of operational guidelines for surgical assistants in robot-assisted radical gastrectomy, providing valuable references for enhancing the overall efficiency of surgical teams and improving surgical outcomes.

Robot-assisted surgery with its advantages such as three-dimensional high-definition vision, dexterous robotic arms, and tremor filtration, is increasingly being applied to complex radical gastrectomy. However, the role of the surgical assistant remains crucial during the procedure. The assistant is responsible for tasks outside the console, including adjusting robotic arms, changing instruments, exposing the surgical field, and addressing unexpected situations. The technical proficiency of the assistant and their collaboration efficiency with the primary surgeon directly impact the smoothness of surgery and patients' outcomes. With the expansion of robot-assisted surgical indications, the establishment of a standardized training system and the optimization of team collaboration models have become urgent challenges to address. This article draws on the author's practical experience as an assistant in robot-assisted gastric cancer surgeries, conducting an in-depth analysis of the responsibilities and operational skills of surgical assistants in robot-assisted procedures. The aim is to develop a relatively comprehensive set of operational guidelines for surgical assistants in robot-assisted radical gastrectomy, providing valuable references for enhancing the overall efficiency of surgical teams and improving surgical outcomes.

The aim of this study is to identify the cause of death of a South China tiger cub at the Meihuashan breeding institute of Fujian Province.Pathogenic bacteria were isolated and cultured from liver,spleen,lung and other tissue samples of the dead South China tiger aseptically.The iso-lated bacteria were identified through morphological observation,biochemical characterization,sequence analysis of housekeeping gene gyrB,virulence gene detection,animal pathogenicity test and drug sensitivity test.A pathogenic Aeromonas hydrophila strain,designated FJ/Tiger-201809 was successfully isolated from the trachea of dead South China tiger.The nucleotide sequence ho-mology between the isolate and 11 strains of Aeromonas gyrB ranged from 91.2％to 99.1％,with the highest homology of 99.1％observed with Aeromonas hydrophila(AF208251.1).Genetic evo-lution analysis showed that the isolated strain FJ/Tiger-201809 was in the same evolutionary branch as other reference strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and was closely related.The pathoge-nicity test in mice showed artificial infection of mice with the strain resulted in varying degrees of lesions in several organs of the mice,and the median lethal dose(LD50)was 1 × 107.8 CFU/mL.Virulence gene test results showed that the isolate FJ/Tiger-201809 carried two virulence genes,aer and act.The results of drug sensitivity test showed that FJ/Tiger-201809 was highly sensitive to enrofloxacin and ampicillin among 18 commonly used antibiotics,relatively sensitive to penicil-lin G and doxycycline,and resistant to the other 14 antibiotics.In conclusion,this study isolated and identified a strain of Aeromonas hydrophila from a dead South China tiger with multiple drug resistance and strong pathogenicity,which provided an important reference for the prevention and control of bacterial diseases in South China tiger.

OBJECTIVE To explore optimization pathways for the drug traceability code management model in outpatient pharmacy workflows， providing practical evidence for enhancing the efficiency of pharmaceutical service. METHODS Taking the outpatient pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University as the research subject， a comprehensive drug traceability system was established through three key interventions： upgrading the information system architecture [including integration of the hospital information system （HIS） with the traceability platform]， workflow optimization （reorganizing the inventory-dispensing-verification tripartite process）， and designing a dual-mode traceability data collection mechanism （primary data capture at dispensing stations and supplementary capture at verification stations）. Operational efficiency differences before and after implementation were analyzed using the medical insurance data and service timeliness metrics in September 2024. RESULTS After the implementation of drug traceability code management， in terms of data collection: Mode Ⅰ （verification-stage capture） uploaded 26 144 records， while Mode Ⅲ （inventory-as-sales capture） uploaded 443 061 records， totaling 469 205 entries； in terms of time efficiency： average drug dispensing time increased from 28.74 s to 43.37 s （enhanced by 51%）. Through dynamic staffing adjustments， patient wait time only extended from 8.04 min to 8.67 min （enhanced by 8%）. CONCLUSIONS Drug traceability code management can be effectively implemented via a “system reconstruction-process reengineering-human-machine collaboration” trinity strategy， leveraging informatization （e.g.， dual-mode data capture） to offset manual operation delays， which validates the feasibility of balancing national traceability demands with service efficiency in outpatient pharmacies.

Osteoarthritis (OA) causes chronic pain that significantly impairs quality of life, with current treatments often proving insufficient and accompanied by adverse effects. Recent research has identified the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and its resident macrophages as crucial mediators of chronic OA pain through neuroinflammation driven by macrophage polarization. We present a novel injectable thermo-sensitive hydrogel system, KAF@PLEL, designed to deliver an anti-inflammatory peptide (KAF) specifically to the DRG. This biodegradable hydrogel enables sustained KAF release, promoting the reprogramming of DRG macrophages from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. Through comprehensive in vitro and in vivo studies, we evaluated the hydrogel's biocompatibility, effects on macrophage polarization, and therapeutic efficacy in chronic OA pain management. The system demonstrated significant capabilities in preserving macrophage mitochondrial function, suppressing neuroinflammation, alleviating chronic OA pain, reducing cartilage degradation, and improving motor function in OA rat models. The sustained-release properties of KAF@PLEL enabled prolonged therapeutic effects while minimizing systemic exposure and side effects. These findings suggest that KAF@PLEL represents a promising therapeutic approach for improving outcomes in OA patients through targeted, sustained treatment.

Objective:To observe the development process of the neuronal synapse in cerebral cortex and basal ganglionic eminence(GE)regions of the mice,and to clarify the differences in the development of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in different brain regions in vivo and in vitro.Methods:The female C57BL/6 mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation from the 13.5th day to the 15.5th day during the pregnancy,and the embryos were collected under the sterile conditions.The cortex and GE regions of brain tissue of the embryonic mice were gradually isolated under microscope.The primary neurons from the embryonic mice were cultured in vitro,and the cell samples were collected on the 3rd,7th,14th,and 21th days,respectively,and regarded as culture 3 d,7 d,14 d,and 21 d groups.The expression levels of postsynaptic density 95(PSD95)and Gephyrin mRNA in the primary neurons from the cortex and GE regions of the mice in various groups were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR)method.Immunofluorescence method was used to detect the expression levels of vesicular glutamate transporter 1(vGLUT1),PSD95,vesicular GABA transporter(vGAT),and Gephyrin proteins in the neurons from the cortex and GE regions of the mice in various groups.Immunofluorescence method was also used to detect the expression levels of vGLUT1 and vGAT proteins in the neurons from the cortical and GE regions in brain tissue of the embryonic mice.Results:Compared with culture 3 d group,the expression levels of PSD95 and Gephyrin mRNA in cortex and GE regions of the mice in culture 14 d and 21 d groups were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with cortex area,the expression level of Gephyrin mRNA in the neurons from GE region of the mice in culture 14 d group was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The microscope observation results showed that the excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the neurons from cortex and GE regions of the mice in culture 14 d group showed preliminary development,with positive expression of relevant proteins;among them,the excitatory synaptic proteins showed more distinct positive expression in the cortex neurons,and the presynaptic vGLUT1 and postsynaptic PSD95 molecules exhibited co-localization in the cell bodies and protrusions of the cortical neurons;the inhibitory presynaptic vGAT protein and postsynaptic Gephyrin protein in the neurons from GE region also exhibited co-localization in the cell bodies and protrusions,and there were more distinct expressions of the presynaptic molecule proteins than postsynaptic molecule proteins.Compared with cortex region,the levels of vGLUT1 and PSD95 proteins in the neurons from GE region of the mice in culture 14 d group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the levels of vGAT and gephyrin proteins were significantly increased(P<0.01).In culture 21 d group,the positive expressions of synaptic protein in the neurons from cortex and GE regions were increased,and the excitatory and inhibitory synapses further matured and enhanced.In the neurons from cortex and GE regions,rich patterns of corresponding pre-and postsynaptic expression were formed in the cell bodies and protrusions,and synapse structures showed gradual,positive development,with more apparent expression of presynaptic molecules compared wih postsynaptic proteins.Compared with cortex region,the levels of vGLUT1 and PSD95 proteins in the neurons from GE region of the mice in culture 21 d group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the levels of vGAT and Gephyrin proteins were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with cortex region,the expression level of vGLUT1 protein in the neurons from GE region in brain tissue of the embryonic mice was significantly decreased(P<0.01),while the expression level of vGAT protein was significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:There are distinct differences in synaptic development between the neurons from cortex and GE regions,the excitatory synapses develope earlier in the cortical region and the inhibitory synapses develope earlier in the GE region.The region-specific development of synapses suggests that different types of neural diseases with different cell types might originate from different developmental processes.

To enhance the learning stickiness, improve low completion rate of online teaching, and promote teaching quality has become the key to solve the contradiction in online teaching. In this paper, taking the teaching of biochemistry as example, based on the trigger mechanism, maintenance mechanism and migration mechanism of sticky learning, guided by the three-dimensional goal of "knowledge and skills, process and method, emotional attitude and values", the BOPPPS (bridge-in, objective, pre-assessment, participatory-learning, post-assessment, summary) teaching model was combined with online teaching. According to the interactive behavior in the course learning space, the Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed by SPSS 18.0 software to comprehensively evaluate the learning stickiness degree. The research has found that, due to its "micro but refined, compact structure and student-centered" characteristics, BOPPPS combining with online teaching can effectively make up for the time and space limitations of offline teaching and the excessively broad online teaching, bring benefits from the perspectives of "inclusion, attraction and production", promote students' active learning, and practically improve learning stickiness. The research provides a new idea for creating online "golden" courses.

Parvalbumin interneurons belong to the major types of GABAergic interneurons. Although the distribution and pathological alterations of parvalbumin interneuron somata have been widely studied, the distribution and vulnerability of the neurites and fibers extending from parvalbumin interneurons have not been detailly interrogated. Through the Cre recombinase-reporter system, we visualized parvalbumin-positive fibers and thoroughly investigated their spatial distribution in the mouse brain. We found that parvalbumin fibers are widely distributed in the brain with specific morphological characteristics in different regions, among which the cortex and thalamus exhibited the most intense parvalbumin signals. In regions such as the striatum and optic tract, even long-range thick parvalbumin projections were detected. Furthermore, in mouse models of temporal lobe epilepsy and Parkinson's disease, parvalbumin fibers suffered both massive and subtle morphological alterations. Our study provides an overview of parvalbumin fibers in the brain and emphasizes the potential pathological implications of parvalbumin fiber alterations.
Mice ; Animals ; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe/pathology* ; Parvalbumins/metabolism* ; Parkinson Disease/pathology* ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Interneurons/physiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Brain/pathology*