Objective:To investigate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the onset and progression of type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods:Observational studies on the relationship between eGFR and the progression of DR were searched in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Foreign Medical Literature Retrieval Service (FMRS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang data. The search period was from the inception of the databases to January 20, 2024. Meta-analysis of the association between eGFR and the onset and progression of DR with the research data was conducted by using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 15.0, the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Sensitivity analysis and Egger′s test were performed to assess the result stability and publication bias.Results:A total of 30 studies involving 119 142 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the analysis. The eGFR in the DR group was significantly lower than that in the non-DR group (WMD=8.11, 95% CI: 5.97-10.25, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis by DR type revealed that patients with diabetic macular edema (WMD=7.61, 95% CI: 3.82-11.40) and proliferative DR (WMD=17.40, 95% CI: 10.13-24.66) had significantly lower eGFR when compared to that in non-DR group (both P<0.001). The subgroup analysis results according to different DR diagnostic criteria showed that both the 2003 International DR Grading Standard Group (WMD=8.55, 95% CI: 5.29-11.81) and the 2002 International Clinical DR Severity Grading Standard Group (WMD=10.70, 95% CI: 7.99-13.41) indicated the statistically significant differences in eGFR in relation to the occurrence and progression of DR. Conclusion:The decrease of eGFR is closely related to the occurrence and progression of DR.

Objective:To investigate the adjunctive diagnostic value of retinal imaging structural parameters combined with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms for Alzheimer′s disease (AD).Methods:It was a case-control study, 71 confirmed AD patients who attended the Department of Neurology in Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from May 2023 to June 2024 and 156 healthy medical checkups who participated in medical checkups in the Health Management Center were continuously with convenience sampling method; the subjects were included as the AD case group and healthy control group, respectively. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure the structural parameters of retinal imaging such as the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the retinal nerve fiber layer-inner plexiform layer (RNFL-IPL) in the study subjects. Information on demographic characteristics and disease history of the study participants were collected through a questionnaire, and venous blood was collected to test for ApoE gene polymorphisms. The retinal imaging structural parameters, ApoE gene polymorphisms and other related indicators were included in a multifactorial logistic regression model to analyze the main factors affecting the risk of AD. Based on the results of the multifactorial analysis, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated to evaluate the efficacy of different models in the adjunctive diagnosis of AD.Results:Of the 227 study subjects included in the analysis, 153 were females and 74 were males; there were 71 cases in the AD case group with a mean age of (66.73±8.83) years, and there were 156 subjects in the healthy control group with an average age of (61.95±8.21) years. Educational attainment of elementary school and below ( OR=4.683, 95% CI: 2.133-10.282), living visual acuity<0.5 ( OR=2.716, 95% CI: 1.12-6.583), and carrying ≥1 ApoE ε4 genes ( OR=5.331, 95% CI: 2.309-11.891) were positively correlated with the risk of AD. RNFL thickening ( OR=0.923, 95% CI: 0.854-0.998) was negatively associated with the risk of AD (all P<0.05). The AD risk assessment model (Model 4), which included fundus imaging features and ApoE gene polymorphisms, had the highest predictive efficacy (AUC=0.857, P<0.001). Conclusion:Retinal imaging structural parameters differ significantly between AD patients and healthy examinees, and a risk assessment model combining retinal imaging structural parameters and ApoE gene polymorphisms has high predictive value and is expected to serve as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for AD.

This article summarizesd Professor Li Zhigang's experience in treating limb dysfunction after acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM)by acupuncture.Prof.Li respected the classical theory of Chinese medicine,which is to seek the root cause of the disease,clarified the disease mechanism of"deficiency of Yangming leads to longitudinal tendons and unfavorable belt veins",and followed the principle of"treating flaccidity syndrome only by taking advantage of Yangming",and combined with the morbidity characteristics of ADEM that occurs in children,emphasized the important influence of regulating the root of innate and acquired in the treatment of the disease.The importance of regulating the essence of congenital and acquired constitution in the treatment of this disease was emphasized,taking into account the importance of regulating the mind and spirit.The main acupoints of Yangming Stomach Meridian,Large Intestine Meridian,Spleen Meridian,and Governor Vessel,together with the five main points of the lower limbs and the main points of water-inducing,all together play the role of tonifying the middle energizer,benefiting the essence and filling in the marrow,and strengthening the muscles and bones.

This article summarizesd Professor Li Zhigang's experience in treating limb dysfunction after acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM)by acupuncture.Prof.Li respected the classical theory of Chinese medicine,which is to seek the root cause of the disease,clarified the disease mechanism of"deficiency of Yangming leads to longitudinal tendons and unfavorable belt veins",and followed the principle of"treating flaccidity syndrome only by taking advantage of Yangming",and combined with the morbidity characteristics of ADEM that occurs in children,emphasized the important influence of regulating the root of innate and acquired in the treatment of the disease.The importance of regulating the essence of congenital and acquired constitution in the treatment of this disease was emphasized,taking into account the importance of regulating the mind and spirit.The main acupoints of Yangming Stomach Meridian,Large Intestine Meridian,Spleen Meridian,and Governor Vessel,together with the five main points of the lower limbs and the main points of water-inducing,all together play the role of tonifying the middle energizer,benefiting the essence and filling in the marrow,and strengthening the muscles and bones.

Objective:To investigate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the onset and progression of type 2 diabetic retinopathy (DR).Methods:Observational studies on the relationship between eGFR and the progression of DR were searched in the databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Foreign Medical Literature Retrieval Service (FMRS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang data. The search period was from the inception of the databases to January 20, 2024. Meta-analysis of the association between eGFR and the onset and progression of DR with the research data was conducted by using Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 15.0, the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Sensitivity analysis and Egger′s test were performed to assess the result stability and publication bias.Results:A total of 30 studies involving 119 142 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the analysis. The eGFR in the DR group was significantly lower than that in the non-DR group (WMD=8.11, 95% CI: 5.97-10.25, P<0.001). Subgroup analysis by DR type revealed that patients with diabetic macular edema (WMD=7.61, 95% CI: 3.82-11.40) and proliferative DR (WMD=17.40, 95% CI: 10.13-24.66) had significantly lower eGFR when compared to that in non-DR group (both P<0.001). The subgroup analysis results according to different DR diagnostic criteria showed that both the 2003 International DR Grading Standard Group (WMD=8.55, 95% CI: 5.29-11.81) and the 2002 International Clinical DR Severity Grading Standard Group (WMD=10.70, 95% CI: 7.99-13.41) indicated the statistically significant differences in eGFR in relation to the occurrence and progression of DR. Conclusion:The decrease of eGFR is closely related to the occurrence and progression of DR.

Objective:To investigate the adjunctive diagnostic value of retinal imaging structural parameters combined with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene polymorphisms for Alzheimer′s disease (AD).Methods:It was a case-control study, 71 confirmed AD patients who attended the Department of Neurology in Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from May 2023 to June 2024 and 156 healthy medical checkups who participated in medical checkups in the Health Management Center were continuously with convenience sampling method; the subjects were included as the AD case group and healthy control group, respectively. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to measure the structural parameters of retinal imaging such as the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and the retinal nerve fiber layer-inner plexiform layer (RNFL-IPL) in the study subjects. Information on demographic characteristics and disease history of the study participants were collected through a questionnaire, and venous blood was collected to test for ApoE gene polymorphisms. The retinal imaging structural parameters, ApoE gene polymorphisms and other related indicators were included in a multifactorial logistic regression model to analyze the main factors affecting the risk of AD. Based on the results of the multifactorial analysis, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted and the areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated to evaluate the efficacy of different models in the adjunctive diagnosis of AD.Results:Of the 227 study subjects included in the analysis, 153 were females and 74 were males; there were 71 cases in the AD case group with a mean age of (66.73±8.83) years, and there were 156 subjects in the healthy control group with an average age of (61.95±8.21) years. Educational attainment of elementary school and below ( OR=4.683, 95% CI: 2.133-10.282), living visual acuity<0.5 ( OR=2.716, 95% CI: 1.12-6.583), and carrying ≥1 ApoE ε4 genes ( OR=5.331, 95% CI: 2.309-11.891) were positively correlated with the risk of AD. RNFL thickening ( OR=0.923, 95% CI: 0.854-0.998) was negatively associated with the risk of AD (all P<0.05). The AD risk assessment model (Model 4), which included fundus imaging features and ApoE gene polymorphisms, had the highest predictive efficacy (AUC=0.857, P<0.001). Conclusion:Retinal imaging structural parameters differ significantly between AD patients and healthy examinees, and a risk assessment model combining retinal imaging structural parameters and ApoE gene polymorphisms has high predictive value and is expected to serve as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for AD.

Objective:To analyze the proportions of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) subgroups during the process of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, and to explore the molecular mechanism regulating the differentiation of ILCs during MTB infection. Methods:From March to October 2022, 31 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (ATB) and 17 patients who had recovered from pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled from Shenzhen Third People′s Hospital. Additionally, 30 healthy controls were recruited from the physical examination department. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted from all subjects, and the proportions of ILC, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 in lymphocytes of PBMCs from different populations were analyzed using flow cytometry. PBMCs from 18 healthy controls were induced in vitro with MTB H37Rv lysate or live Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) bacteria, and the differentiation of ILC subgroups was analyzed using flow cytometry. CD14 + cells from PBMCs of 29 healthy controls were isolated using magnetic bead sorting technology, and the cells were divided into three groups, including control group, CD14 - group, and CD14 + complement group. The CD14 + complement group was supplemented with CD14 + cells into CD14 - PBMCs through a Transwell chamber, and induced in vitro with H37Rv lysate. The differentiation of ILC subgroups was analyzed using flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results:The proportions of ILCs in lymphocytes in healthy controls, ATB and recovered tuberculosis groups showed no statistically significant differences ( H=0.07, P=0.965). The proportion of ILC1 in lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with ATB was lower than that in the healthy control group ( U=271.00), and the proportion of ILC2 was higher than that in the healthy control group ( U=299.00). The proportion of ILC1 in the peripheral blood of recovered tuberculosis patients was lower than that in the healthy control group ( U=123.00), and the proportion of ILC3 in the recovered tuberculosis group was higher than those in ATB and healthy control groups ( U=78.00 and 102.50, respectively). All differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the proportions of ILC ( W=-116.00 and -145.00, respectively) and ILC2 ( W=-149.00 and -155.00, respectively) in lymphocytes decreased after PBMCs induced by H37Rv lysate or BCG live bacteria (all P<0.05). The proportion of ILC1 showed no significant change after induction by H37Rv lysate ( W=-67.00, P=0.154), but decreased after induction by BCG ( W=-121.00, P=0.007) with statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the proportions of ILC1 in lymphocytes among control group, CD14 - group, and CD14 + complement group before and after induction by H37Rv lysate ( W=-159.00, 43.00 and -37.00, respectively, all P>0.05). The proportions of ILC2 in lymphocytes decreased after induction ( W=-435.00, -383.00 and -405.00, respectively) among the three groups, and the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.001). The proportions of ILC3 in lymphocytes in the control group and CD14 + complement group decreased ( W=-250.00 and -262.00, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05), while the proportion of ILC3 in lymphocytes in the CD14 - group did not change before and after induction, and the difference was not statistically significant ( W=-172.00, P=0.051). Conclusions:MTB infection induces an imbalance in the differentiation of ILCs subgroups, and the removal of CD14 + cells inhibits MTB-induced ILC3 differentiation without significantly affecting the differentiation of ILC1 and ILC2.

Objective:To analyze the proportions of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) subgroups during the process of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection, and to explore the molecular mechanism regulating the differentiation of ILCs during MTB infection. Methods:From March to October 2022, 31 patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (ATB) and 17 patients who had recovered from pulmonary tuberculosis were enrolled from Shenzhen Third People′s Hospital. Additionally, 30 healthy controls were recruited from the physical examination department. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were extracted from all subjects, and the proportions of ILC, ILC1, ILC2 and ILC3 in lymphocytes of PBMCs from different populations were analyzed using flow cytometry. PBMCs from 18 healthy controls were induced in vitro with MTB H37Rv lysate or live Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) bacteria, and the differentiation of ILC subgroups was analyzed using flow cytometry. CD14 + cells from PBMCs of 29 healthy controls were isolated using magnetic bead sorting technology, and the cells were divided into three groups, including control group, CD14 - group, and CD14 + complement group. The CD14 + complement group was supplemented with CD14 + cells into CD14 - PBMCs through a Transwell chamber, and induced in vitro with H37Rv lysate. The differentiation of ILC subgroups was analyzed using flow cytometry. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results:The proportions of ILCs in lymphocytes in healthy controls, ATB and recovered tuberculosis groups showed no statistically significant differences ( H=0.07, P=0.965). The proportion of ILC1 in lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with ATB was lower than that in the healthy control group ( U=271.00), and the proportion of ILC2 was higher than that in the healthy control group ( U=299.00). The proportion of ILC1 in the peripheral blood of recovered tuberculosis patients was lower than that in the healthy control group ( U=123.00), and the proportion of ILC3 in the recovered tuberculosis group was higher than those in ATB and healthy control groups ( U=78.00 and 102.50, respectively). All differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the proportions of ILC ( W=-116.00 and -145.00, respectively) and ILC2 ( W=-149.00 and -155.00, respectively) in lymphocytes decreased after PBMCs induced by H37Rv lysate or BCG live bacteria (all P<0.05). The proportion of ILC1 showed no significant change after induction by H37Rv lysate ( W=-67.00, P=0.154), but decreased after induction by BCG ( W=-121.00, P=0.007) with statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the proportions of ILC1 in lymphocytes among control group, CD14 - group, and CD14 + complement group before and after induction by H37Rv lysate ( W=-159.00, 43.00 and -37.00, respectively, all P>0.05). The proportions of ILC2 in lymphocytes decreased after induction ( W=-435.00, -383.00 and -405.00, respectively) among the three groups, and the differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.001). The proportions of ILC3 in lymphocytes in the control group and CD14 + complement group decreased ( W=-250.00 and -262.00, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05), while the proportion of ILC3 in lymphocytes in the CD14 - group did not change before and after induction, and the difference was not statistically significant ( W=-172.00, P=0.051). Conclusions:MTB infection induces an imbalance in the differentiation of ILCs subgroups, and the removal of CD14 + cells inhibits MTB-induced ILC3 differentiation without significantly affecting the differentiation of ILC1 and ILC2.

Objective:To study the effects of sacubitril valsartan sodium on vascular sclerosis and ventricular remodeling in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathical coronary heart disease.Methods:A prospective research method was adopted. One hundred and eighty-six patients with coronary heart disease who were treated in Hangzhou Ninth People′s Hospital from January to December 2021 were selected and divided into control group and observation group by random digits table method, with 93 cases in each group. The control group adopted routine treatment method of aspirin + metoprolol + nitroglycerin + captopril according to the guideline, while the observation group was additionally treated with sacubitril valsartan sodium on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy, vascular endothelial function and hardness, cardiac function, ventricular remodeling and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The total effective rate of treatment in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group: 96.77%(90/93) vs. 87.10%(81/93), and there was statistical difference ( P<0.05). After treatment, the brachial artery flow-mediated dilation in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group: (14.46 ± 2.80)% vs. (13.09 ± 2.74)%, the level of endothelin-1 was significantly lower than that in control group: (73.32 ± 9.63) ng/L vs. (77.47 ± 10.35) ng/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). After treatment, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group: (50.87 ± 3.52)% vs. (49.72 ± 3.71)%, the left ventricular end-systolic diameter, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and ventricular remodeling indicators of interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular mass index were significantly lower than those in control group: (38.26 ± 5.18) mm vs. (40.05 ± 5.20) mm, (50.49 ± 4.33) mm vs. (52.08 ± 4.25) mm, (8.95 ± 0.39) mm vs. (9.08 ± 0.41) mm, (118.49 ± 9.58) g/m 2 vs. (121.58 ± 9.62) g/m 2, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in the levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol after treatment between the two groups ( P>0.05). There were no statistical differences in the incidences of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Sacubitril valsartan sodium has a good clinical efficacy in the treatment of coronary heart disease, and it can improve cardiac function and vascular sclerosis and reverse ventricular remodeling. In addition, it has no significant adverse reactions and is conducive to disease recovery.

Objective:To explore the relationship between drug evidence and core prescription for depression.Methods:We retrieved literature of TCM for depression from CNKI, VIP and Wangfang databases to November 2019, 30th as well as there cords from Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform (V 1.5). The Excel 2010 was used to establish the standardized database of medical records. After the standardization of medicines, Ancient and Modern Medical Records Cloud Platform (V1.5) statistics methodswere used for association rules analysis, complex networks, and analysis of drugs’ frequency, medical characteristics, core prescription drugs.Results:A total of 632 effective prescriptions were included, involving a total of 527 drugs. The results of frequency of herbs showed that 23 kinds of high-frequency herbs were obtained. Bupleuri Radix was the most frequently used medicine. Most herbs are warm or flat, with pungent, sweet and bitter in taste, belonging to the lung, liver, heart and spleen meridians. A total of 25 drug-pair association and 13 TCM association were obtained by association rule analysis. Conclusions:TCM treatment for depression is mainly based on soothing the liver and regulating qi, clearing the heart and calming the nerves. Bupleuri Radix, Curcumae Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen are the basic prescriptions. Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Albiziae Cortex, Polygalae Radix, Poria are used as reference.