ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which Shenqi Yiliu prescription reverses cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells by regulating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt）/mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） signaling pathway-mediated glycolysis. MethodsThe human ovarian cancer A2780 cell line was intervened with progressively increasing doses of cisplatin （1 g·L^-1） to establish the cisplatin-resistant cell line A2780cisR， and the cell sensitivity to cisplatin was examined by the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay. High， medium， and low （39.9， 19.95， 9.98 g·kg^-1） doses of Shenqi Yiliu prescription-containing sera were used to treat A2780cisR cells for 48 h. Glucose consumption and lactate production were measured by the cuvette assay. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to determine the activities of glucose transporter （GLUT）， phosphofructokinase （PFK）， and pyruvate kinase （PK）. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） staining was used to detect apoptosis. Western blot was employed to quantify the protein levels of phosphorylated （p）-PI3K， p-Akt， p-mTOR， hexokinase 2 （HK2）， pyruvate kinase M2 （PKM2）， B-cell lymphoblastoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X-protein （Bax）， and B-lymphoblastoma-2 gene-related promoter （Bad）. Real-time PCR was conducted to determine the mRNA levels of HK2， PKM2， Bax， Bcl-2， and Bad. ResultsThe median inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of cisplatin on A2780cisR cells was nearly 3 times that on A2780P cells. Compared with A2780P cells， A2780cisR cells showed increased glucose consumption， lactate production， GLUT， PFK， and PK activities， and mRNA and protein levels of p-PI3K， Akt， p-mTOR， HK2， PKM2， Bax （P<0.05）， and decreased apoptosis rate and Bcl-2 expression （P<0.05）. Compared with A2780cisR cells， medium- and high-dose Shenqi Yiliu prescription reduced the glucose consumption， lactate production， GLUT， PFK， and PK activities， and mRNA and protein levels of p-PI3K， Akt， p-mTOR， HK2， PKM2， Bax， and Bad （P<0.05）， while increasing the apoptosis rate and Bcl-2 expression （P<0.05）. ConclusionShenqi Yiliu prescription can inhibit glycolysis mediated by the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway to promote apoptosis， thereby reversing cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells.

Objective Idiopathic rolandic epilepsy syndrome （IRES） is the most common epilepsy syndrome in childhood， and its lesion site remains undetermined. This article aims to investigate the source of epileptiform discharges in IRES using magnetoencephalography （MEG）.Methods A total of 70 patients with IRES were enrolled in this prospective MEG-based study， among whom there were 53 children with benign epilepsy of childhood with centrotemporal spikes （BECTS）， 12 children with atypical benign partial epilepsy （ABPE）， 3 children with Landau-Kleffner syndrome （LKS）， and 2 children with epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spike-and-waves during slow-wave sleep （CSWS）. Epileptiform discharges were collected independently from each patient 10 times， and an MEG source analysis was performed. Standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography was used to perform source localization of the distributed source model. The spike source density was quantified into amplitude， and source location was determined according to the Desikan-Killiany atlas. The association between the distribution of spike source in brain and clinical manifestations was analyzed.Results In IRES， there were significant differences in the source locations of epilepsy discharge between BECTS， ABPE， LKS， and CSWS. The current source density of CSWS was stronger in the frontal lobe， the temporal lobe， and the anterior cingulate gyrus， while that of ABPE was stronger in the frontal lobe， and that of BECTS and LKS were stronger in the temporal lobe. The more severe phenotype of epilepsy， such as generalized tonic-clonic seizure， was associated with a stronger current source density in the brain， which was consistent with electroencephalography manifestations.Conclusion This study identifies different sources of epileptiform discharges in IRES. The density distribution of these spike sources may help to explain the discharge， cognitive， and neuropsychological characteristics in different subtypes of IRES.
Magnetoencephalography

Objective This study was to investigate the effects of Ginseng Astragalus Tumor Suppressor Formula combined with cisplatin on relevant immune genes and immune functions in mice modeled with hepatocellular carcinoma based on bioinformatics research.Methods Gene expression profiles and clinical data of hepatocellular carcinoma patients were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases and screened for immune-expressed genes by taking intersections with immune-related genes downloaded from ImmPort database.Immune-related gene pair coefficients(IRGPI)were calculated to construct IRGP prognostic models.The optimal cut-off value of IRGPI for 1-year overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients was determined based on ROC curve analysis,and hepatocellular carcinoma patients were divided into high and low immune risk groups,and the survival status of patients in the two groups was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-Rank test.Then,we screened the active ingredients and gene targets of Ginseng Astragali Tumor Suppressor Formula for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by network pharmacology,and obtained the intersection genes between Ginseng Astragali Tumor Suppressor Formula and disease,and then extracted the intersection of hepatocellular carcinoma-related immune genes and the intersection genes between Ginseng Astragali Tumor Suppressor Formula and disease through the"VennDiagram"software,and verified it through the animal model.The effects of Astragalus tumor-suppressing formula combined with cisplatin on the immunity genes and immune functions in the tumor tissues of mice with hepatocellular carcinoma were verified in animal models.Results Among 2483 relevant immune genes,84 pairs of immune-related genes were significantly associated with OS in the experimental group(P<0.001),and among the patients categorized into high and low immune risk groups by cut-off value-0.258,the overall survival rate of the high immune risk group was significantly lower than that of the low immune risk group(P<0.001).Univariate Cox analysis showed that IRGP model risk values and clinical characteristics of tumor T-staging had an impact on prognosis.Multifactorial Cox analysis showed that IRGP model risk value and tumor T-stage could be used as independent prognostic factors.266 genes intersecting with hepatocellular carcinoma were screened by network pharmacology technique for Ginseng Astragalus Tumor Suppressor Formula,and further 8 genes were obtained by taking the intersection with 84 pairs of immune-related genes.The experimental results showed that compared with the model group,the tumor mass of mice in each treatment group decreased(P<0.05);the spleen index and thymus index of mice increased(P<0.05);the CD4+/CD8+ratio in serum and spleen tissues of mice decreased;ICAM1,FABP5,IGF2,CDK4,NR1,ADRB2,AR,NR3C2 in tumor tissue of mice mRNA expression were all decreased(P<0.05),and the therapeutic effect of the combined group was significant(P<0.01).Conclusion This study predicted the key immune genes related to hepatocellular carcinoma as well as the prognostic analysis of immune-related genes,and the experimental study verified that Ginseng and Astragalus Tumor Suppressor Formula could effectively reduce the expression of related immune genes in tumor tissues,and improve the proportion of related immune cells in the splenic tissues of mice with hepatocellular carcinoma model as well as improve the immune function of mice.

Objective:To explore common characteristics and core challenges in the family parenting process of preschool children, identify key issues in parenting practices in rural revitalization areas, and provide a reference for developing localized family intervention strategies in China.Methods:Using purposive sampling, caregivers of preschool children ( n=26) were recruited from a kindergarten in Shuangbai County, Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, from May to August 2024. A descriptive qualitative research method was adopted. Directed content analysis and conventional content analysis were combined to analyze interview transcripts and family parenting records, extracting core themes and characteristic issues in parenting practices. Results:A total of 881 minutes of interviews were conducted, resulting in approximately 260 000 words of transcripts and text materials. A total of five core themes and 13 sub-themes were summarized, covering access to health information and scientific parenting knowledge, imbalance between parenting needs and objective resource supply, safety care, responsive care, and weak family collaboration systems.Conclusions:Families in rural revitalization areas currently face problems such as limited access to information, insufficient scientific parenting resources, and weak family collaboration functions. It is recommended to optimize parenting practices by deepening the integration of medical and educational resources, strengthening health information channels, and building an integrated "family-school-community" intervention framework.

The etiologies and clinical manifestations of central nervous system diseases in children are complex and diverse.Some patients may have sequelae that will affect the neurological function and quality of life of children for a lifetime.Mesenchymal stem cells are a potentially effective treatment method for nervous system diseases.In recent years，there has been an increasing number of related studies targeting the pediatric population.This article introduced the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of central nervous system diseases and reviewed the progress of clinical application research in the field of children.

Objective To predict the molecular mechanism of Shenqi Yiliu Prescription for the treatment of ovarian cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology;To conduct experimental validation.Methods The active components and targets of Shenqi Yiliu Prescription were retrieved and screened through TCMSP database,and ovarian cancer disease targets were searched through GeneCards database.A protein-protein interaction network between drugs and disease was established using the STRING database,and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed.Molecular docking between key active components and core targets was conducted.Ovarian cancer A2780 cells were intervened with Shenqi Yiliu Prescription low-,medium-and high-dosages containing serum.ELISA was used to detect TNF-α and IL-17 contents in cell supernatant;TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis;Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of p-PI3K,p-AKT,phosphorylated T218(MDM2),and tumor protein P53(P53);real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of PI3K,AKT,MDM2 and P53.Results Network pharmacology analysis showed that quercetin,β-sitosterol and kaempferol were the active components of Shenqi Yiliu Prescription to treat ovarian cancer,and TP53,AKT1 and TNF were the core targets.The molecular docking results showed that the key active components could bind well to the core targets.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may be the core pathway for Shenqi Yiliu Prescription to intervene in ovarian cancer.The cell experiment results showed that compared with the control group,the contents of TNF-α and IL-17 in cell supernatant decreased(P<0.05),the apoptosis rate increased(P<0.05),the expressions of p-PI3K,p-AKT,MDM2 protein and PI3K,AKT,MDM2 mRNA decreased(P<0.05),and the expressions of P53 protein and mRNA decreased(P<0.05)in each Shenqi Yiliu Prescription group.Moreover,the intervention effect of Shenqi Yiliu Prescription was dose-dependent.Conclusion Shenqi Yiliu Prescription can effectively inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells,and its possible mechanism maybe related to inhibition of the activation of AKT-MDM2-P53 signaling pathway and the reduction of IL-17 and TNF-α contents.

Objective This study was to investigate the effects of Ginseng Astragalus Tumor Suppressor Formula combined with cisplatin on relevant immune genes and immune functions in mice modeled with hepatocellular carcinoma based on bioinformatics research.Methods Gene expression profiles and clinical data of hepatocellular carcinoma patients were downloaded from TCGA and GEO databases and screened for immune-expressed genes by taking intersections with immune-related genes downloaded from ImmPort database.Immune-related gene pair coefficients(IRGPI)were calculated to construct IRGP prognostic models.The optimal cut-off value of IRGPI for 1-year overall survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients was determined based on ROC curve analysis,and hepatocellular carcinoma patients were divided into high and low immune risk groups,and the survival status of patients in the two groups was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the Log-Rank test.Then,we screened the active ingredients and gene targets of Ginseng Astragali Tumor Suppressor Formula for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by network pharmacology,and obtained the intersection genes between Ginseng Astragali Tumor Suppressor Formula and disease,and then extracted the intersection of hepatocellular carcinoma-related immune genes and the intersection genes between Ginseng Astragali Tumor Suppressor Formula and disease through the"VennDiagram"software,and verified it through the animal model.The effects of Astragalus tumor-suppressing formula combined with cisplatin on the immunity genes and immune functions in the tumor tissues of mice with hepatocellular carcinoma were verified in animal models.Results Among 2483 relevant immune genes,84 pairs of immune-related genes were significantly associated with OS in the experimental group(P<0.001),and among the patients categorized into high and low immune risk groups by cut-off value-0.258,the overall survival rate of the high immune risk group was significantly lower than that of the low immune risk group(P<0.001).Univariate Cox analysis showed that IRGP model risk values and clinical characteristics of tumor T-staging had an impact on prognosis.Multifactorial Cox analysis showed that IRGP model risk value and tumor T-stage could be used as independent prognostic factors.266 genes intersecting with hepatocellular carcinoma were screened by network pharmacology technique for Ginseng Astragalus Tumor Suppressor Formula,and further 8 genes were obtained by taking the intersection with 84 pairs of immune-related genes.The experimental results showed that compared with the model group,the tumor mass of mice in each treatment group decreased(P<0.05);the spleen index and thymus index of mice increased(P<0.05);the CD4+/CD8+ratio in serum and spleen tissues of mice decreased;ICAM1,FABP5,IGF2,CDK4,NR1,ADRB2,AR,NR3C2 in tumor tissue of mice mRNA expression were all decreased(P<0.05),and the therapeutic effect of the combined group was significant(P<0.01).Conclusion This study predicted the key immune genes related to hepatocellular carcinoma as well as the prognostic analysis of immune-related genes,and the experimental study verified that Ginseng and Astragalus Tumor Suppressor Formula could effectively reduce the expression of related immune genes in tumor tissues,and improve the proportion of related immune cells in the splenic tissues of mice with hepatocellular carcinoma model as well as improve the immune function of mice.

Objective To predict the molecular mechanism of Shenqi Yiliu Prescription for the treatment of ovarian cancer based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology;To conduct experimental validation.Methods The active components and targets of Shenqi Yiliu Prescription were retrieved and screened through TCMSP database,and ovarian cancer disease targets were searched through GeneCards database.A protein-protein interaction network between drugs and disease was established using the STRING database,and GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed.Molecular docking between key active components and core targets was conducted.Ovarian cancer A2780 cells were intervened with Shenqi Yiliu Prescription low-,medium-and high-dosages containing serum.ELISA was used to detect TNF-α and IL-17 contents in cell supernatant;TUNEL staining was used to detect cell apoptosis;Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of p-PI3K,p-AKT,phosphorylated T218(MDM2),and tumor protein P53(P53);real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of PI3K,AKT,MDM2 and P53.Results Network pharmacology analysis showed that quercetin,β-sitosterol and kaempferol were the active components of Shenqi Yiliu Prescription to treat ovarian cancer,and TP53,AKT1 and TNF were the core targets.The molecular docking results showed that the key active components could bind well to the core targets.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway may be the core pathway for Shenqi Yiliu Prescription to intervene in ovarian cancer.The cell experiment results showed that compared with the control group,the contents of TNF-α and IL-17 in cell supernatant decreased(P<0.05),the apoptosis rate increased(P<0.05),the expressions of p-PI3K,p-AKT,MDM2 protein and PI3K,AKT,MDM2 mRNA decreased(P<0.05),and the expressions of P53 protein and mRNA decreased(P<0.05)in each Shenqi Yiliu Prescription group.Moreover,the intervention effect of Shenqi Yiliu Prescription was dose-dependent.Conclusion Shenqi Yiliu Prescription can effectively inhibit the proliferation and promote apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells,and its possible mechanism maybe related to inhibition of the activation of AKT-MDM2-P53 signaling pathway and the reduction of IL-17 and TNF-α contents.

The etiologies and clinical manifestations of central nervous system diseases in children are complex and diverse.Some patients may have sequelae that will affect the neurological function and quality of life of children for a lifetime.Mesenchymal stem cells are a potentially effective treatment method for nervous system diseases.In recent years，there has been an increasing number of related studies targeting the pediatric population.This article introduced the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of central nervous system diseases and reviewed the progress of clinical application research in the field of children.